say-tell-talk-speak的用法和区别.doc

(完整版)say-tell-talk-speak的用法和区别
词汇辨析
say、tell、speak、talk的区别

1、say意为“说出”“说过”，强调说话的内容，也可与to连用，say to sb.意为“对某人说”。
eg. He often says“hello”to me with a smile。 他常笑着向我问好。
I can say it in English。 我能用英语说它.
He says to me，“I like my hometown.”他对我说：“我喜欢我的家乡.”

2、tell意为“讲述"“告诉”，作及物动词时,指把一件事或一个故事讲出来,有连续诉说之意.如：tell the truth说实话，tell a story讲故事。tell也可接双宾语结构或复合宾语结构。如tell sb. sth。告诉某人某事；tell sb。 about sth。告诉某人关于某事；tell sb.（not）to do sth。告诉某人（不要）去做某事。
eg.－What did your mother tell you just now? 刚才你妈妈告诉你什么了？
－She told me not to ride a bike quickly。 It's too dangerous。
她告诉我不要快骑自行车，那太危险了。
Please tell me something about yourself.请告诉我关于你自己的一些事情.

3、speak的意思是“说话"，作不及物动词时，通常指说话的能力和方式；作及物动词时，其后的宾语为某种语言。speak to sb。表示“同某人说话"。
eg。 Would you like to speak at the meeting？ 你要在会上发言吗？
Bob speaks Chinese quite well. 鲍勃汉语说得相当好。
Joe can speak a little Chinese. 乔能说一点儿汉语。
May I speak to Mr. Green？ 我可以同格林先生通话吗?
（此句常用于打电话用语中）
He is speaking to Lily. 他正在和莉莉说话。

4、talk的意思是“谈话,谈论”，指相互之间的谈话，一般用作不及物动词，与介词to或with连用，表示“与……交谈”。而谈及关于某人或某事时，后接介词of或about.
eg. They are talking on the phone。 他们正在电话中交谈.
My mother is talking with my teacher。 我妈妈正在和我的老师谈话。　
We are talking in English.我们正用英语交谈。
What are they talking about？ 他们正在谈论什么？
We talked about this problem for hours. 我们就这个问题谈了好几个小时.

检测:
用say、tell、speak、talk 的适当形式填空。
1。 Excuse me .Can you ___________ me the way to the post office ?
2.My granny often ___________ me about her lives in the old age.
3. Many people in China can ___________ a little English now 。
4。Who can ___________ us the differences between the words ？
5.What do you ___________ when you meet your friends in the morning ？
6。Can you ___________ it clearly ?
7.Don’t___________ with others when someone answers the teacher’s questions.
8。 We are ___________ about our homework. Do you join us ?
10。 Our headmaster is ___________ in the meeting now 。
二、阅读理解
　Most people who work in the office have a boss （老板)。 So do I （我也是). But my boss is a little unusual。 What’s unusual about him? It’s a big dig. Many men have dogs， but few men bring their dogs to the office every day。 My boss’s dog。 Robinson, is big and brown。 My boss brings him to work every day. He takes the dog to meetings and he takes the dog to lunch。 When there is telephone call for my boss， I always know if he is in the office. I only look under his desk。 If I see something brown and hairy (毛绒绒的) under it, I know my boss is somewhere in the office。 If there is no dog ， I know my boss is out。　
　　1。 People _________bring dogs to the office.
　　 A. usually　　　　　　　　 B。 often　 
　　 C。 seldom (几乎不)　　　　 D. sometimes
　　2. My boss is Robinson’s ________。
　　 A。 boss 　　　　　　　　 B。 master 
　　 C. classmate　　　　　　 D. teacher
　　3。 Robinson goes to meetings _________ my boss.
　　 A。 for 　　　　　　　　　　　  B。 without 
　　 C。 instead of （代替)　　　　              D。 with
　　4。 Robinson is always under the desk if the boss is _________。
　　 A。 in the office 　　　　　 B。 at meetings 
　　 C. out of the office 　　　 D。 out of work
　　5. The passage tells us the boss _________ the dog very much.
　　 A. looks like　　 B。 hates （恨）
　　 C。 likes 　　　　 D. trust（信任)