裕兴概念英语册笔记十课.doc

Football or polo?单词讲解polo马球 （四人一组骑在马上对打木球的比赛）水球water poloWayle n威尔（河名）Cut vt切，割，剪，划，砍cut-cut-cut例: She cut her finger on a piece of broken glass.他在一块碎玻璃上划伤自己的手指。cut the apple into halves 把苹果切成两半cut the apple into thirds 把苹果切成三半cut恤e apple into quarters 把苹果切成四半His cruel remarks cut her deeply.他残酷的评论伤透了她的心.cut的有关短语：cut class 旷课cut across/cut through 穿过 （尤指抄近道）例: I usually cut across the park on my way home.I usually cut through the park on rny way home.我回家的路上总是穿过那个公园。cut down砍到（树木） 减少量例: The apple tree was dead and he cut it down.这个苹果树死了，他把树砍倒了。The car industry cut down production.汽车工业降低了产量。cut down the expenses减少开支chop 劈slit 切割开gash 砍进（割一条长而深的缺口）slice 切成薄片carve 雕刻dice 切成小方块tear 撕裂trim 修剪row1) n一排，一列， 一行，成排的座位例: The boy was sitting in the first row.这个小男孩坐在第一排。Would you arrange the chairs in five rows?你把椅子排成五排吗？in a row排成一排连续的例: Children were standing hand in hand in a row.孩子们手拉手的站成一排。He has been absent for 5 years in a row.他已经连续五天缺席了。a hard row to hoe（v用耕锄耕地） 艰苦的生活row 横行line竖排file一纵队（排的很整齐）2)V划船例：Can you row a boat? 你会划船吗？They rowed across the rive。 他们划过了这条河。3)n划船运动go for a row去划船go for a walk去散步4)划船；一排（列）row(rau争吵row Iraulv row with sb 与.争吵n例：What s the row about? 到底在吵什么呢？make a rowkick up a row起哄，大吵大闹kick1)v踢kick sb /sth with the foot 踢例: Mummy, Dick kicked me on the leg!妈妈，Dick踢我的腿。（Tom， Dick， Harry人的名字）kick the ball踢kick a hole in the door在门上踢了一个洞Be careful of that horse-it often kicks.小心这匹马，它常踢人。(idiom) Kick a man when he is down落井下石2) vt.虐待，欺负例: The boy is always kicking his younger brother about.这个小男孩总是欺负他弟弟。kick脚踢punch 拳打toward (s) prep.朝方向对（表关系），接近（表时间），有.趋势例：He walked towards the door他朝门走过来。His attitude towards me has changed.他对我的态度转变了。Towards the end of the game she fell asleep.临近比赛结束时，她睡着了。There is a tendency towards inflation 有通货膨胀的趋势。towards只能表示朝着目标移动（强调越来越近）例：We drove towards Miami 我们开车去迈阿密。to含有到达的含义例：We drove to Miami我们开车到了迈阿密。nearly adv大约，接近，差不多例：Its nearly 2 oclock大约两点了。That car nearly ran over a dog.那辆车差点撞到一条狗。almost与nearly最接近，但almost可与nobody， nothing，nowhere， never连用nearly则不能。approximately/ about在超过或没有超过某标准的两种情况下，均可使用，但almost，nearly用于接近单位达到某标准的情况。例: It cost approximately 300, I cant remember exactIY.大概花了300美元我记不太清了。sight n1)视力，视觉lose ones sight 失明 (become blind)far-sighted 远视near-sighted 近视short-sighted 目光短浅的long-sighted 目光长远的例：Out of sight，Out of mind 眼不见，心不烦。at the sight of 看至到 (seeing)We laughed at the sight of her strange clothes.我们一见她的奇装异服就笑了。He fell in love with the girl at the first sight.他对那女孩子一见钟情。2)视界，视野in sight 在视野之内out of sight 在视野之外例：The train is still in sight 火车还看得见。Get out of my sight. 滚开! (Get out!)Get out of here!Get awaY from here!关键句型Key Structuressome /any的用法。1)二者都可以表示不定量的代词，相当于“一止暨”，可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句，否定句或条件从句。例: There are some scenic spots around the city.在这个城市周边有些风景优美的地方。Lets get some fruit for the children.给孩子们买些水果吧。Do you need any reference books? 你需要一些参考书吗？They haven t put forward any concrete proposals.他们还没有提出一些明确的建议。If you find any new words in it, mark them out.如果你发现那些生词的话，把它们标出来。2)有些疑问句表示请求，建议，反问等，这时多用some而不用any；例： Would you mind buying me some aspirin?你为我买些阿司匹林好吗？Aren t there some stamps in that drawer?抽屉里面有邮票吗？3) some和any还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，这时some表示“某一个“any表示”任何一个“随便哪一个”。例：You will regret it someday总有一天你会后悔的。You can get it in any department store.你在任何一个百货商店都可以买到。冠词the的用法1)在人名和地名前不加冠词a或the例: John lives in England. He has a house in London.2)在海洋，河流，山脉前，一定要用定冠词the例: Who was the first person to sail across the Pacific?谁是第一个横渡太平洋的人呢？It can get rough in the Mediterranean (地中海）。地中海可能很不平静cMany great cities are built on rivers; 1aris is on the Seine,London is on the Thames and Rorne is on the Tiber.很多大城市建在河岸上，巴黎在桑纳河上，伦敦在泰晤士河上，罗马在地波河上。I know a man who has been on climbing expeditions in many parts of the world. He has climbed in the Alps, the Himalayas,and the Rocky Mountains.我认识一个参加过世界各地登山探险的人，他曾攀登过阿尔卑斯山脉，喜马拉雅山山脉以及落基山。3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the。America-the Unite States of AmericaChina- the People s Republic of Chinathe Great Wall , the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City4)表示特定的或上文提到过的事物（或双方都明了的事物）前加the。例：工am interested in the film 我对这部电影感兴趣。Pass me the slippers please请把拖鞋递给我。5)世界上独一无二的事物前加thethe earth the moon the sun6)在序数词或形容词的高级前加thethe second storey二层楼the largest room最大的房间7)在方位词前面加theon the lefton the rightin the eastin the west8)在表示时间的一些固定短语前加thein the morning in the afternoonin the evening in the day time9)the放在形容词前表一类人the poor the rich the old the young the sick the new the blindIO) 在姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。the Whites; the Browns; the TunersII)在乐器前加thethe piano; the guitar; the saxophone12)表世纪的某个年代in the 1980 s13)在发明物的前加the例: The telephone was invented by Bell.电话是由贝尔发明的。The compass was invented in China 指南针是中国发明的不加冠词的时候：1)专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名，地名前不加冠词，China London America Smith Art matter2)季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐，前不加冠词March May National s day ValentineChildren s day Supper Spring Saturday3)学科名称，球类，棋类名词前不加冠词mathematics politics football basketball chessExercise： 1 用some和any填空l)ls there_ hope of our fulfilling the plan?2)My mother bought_ sweets for me.3)1f I can spare money , I II buy a dictionary.4)Would you iike beer?5)Come day you like.6) You will realize your dream _ day.答案: any some any some any some2、在必要地方填上冠词a或thel) refrigerators are necessary in hot countries.2) Which river is_ longest,_Nile,_ Amazon, or Mississippi?3) Heyerdahl crosses_ Pacific on_ raft.4) Why is_ Britain sometimes called United Kingdom?5) We sailed up_Red Sea and then went through_ Suez Canal答案：1）不填2）the the the the 3）the a 4） 不填the 5)the the课文讲解TextThe Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.定语从句that/which修饰物的关系代词ear adj/prep在附近，表示含糊的“近“的意思，可能还有相当一段距离。close表示可接触的范围内的by在的旁边在的近旁nearby1)adj附近的a nearby town/a town nearby附近的村庄2)adv附近地例：my parents live nearby我的父母亲住在附近。I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.on fine afternoonsafternoons表示每当下我都会。to，表一般规律，用一般现在时。in the afternoonon fine afternoonson the afternoon of July the fourthIt was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.as usual 像平常一样than usual 比平常as before 像以前than before 比以前Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.用过去进行时描述故事背景rowing现在分词表伴随状语Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat, but he did not hear them.call out to sb(for sth) 大声喊叫（己引起别人的注意）The ball struck him so hard that he nearIY fell into the water.strikestrike-struck-struckSO + adj/adv.+ that 如此.以至于例: He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.他病得如此重以至于我们请大夫去。She was so angry that she couldn t speak.她如此的生气以至于说不出话来。You speak so fast that I can t follow you.你讲的如此快以至于我都跟不上你了。I am so nervous that I don t know what to say.I turned to look at the children ,but there werent any in sight: they had all run away!there weren t any in sight -个也看不见了The man laughed when he realized what happened.when引导时间状语从句Im cooking dinner when they came home.当他们到家时我正在做饭。When you are in trouble, visit this man.当你有困难时，找这个男人laugh 大声地笑出声地笑smile 微笑grin 露齿而笑 chuckle 低声轻笑 sneer 嘲笑 giggle 咯咯地笑happen 表示偶然事件发生（无被动）He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.call out to sb对大声喊叫补充内容谚语1. All is not gold that glitters. All that glitters is not gold外表可以迷惑人；不要根据漂亮的外表来判断事物；发光的未必都是金子。2All is well that ends well结果好就一切都好。