1、Unit 2 How often do you exercise?精讲精析 主讲:冯老师 时间:10.7 Section A知能新视窗本节主要学习频度副词always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, once a week等的含义和用法,并能就how often来谈论日常活动;掌握一般现在时态的结构与用法.名师开小灶1。 What do you usually do on weekends?周末你通常做什么?(1) usually作副词,表示“通常地,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中(在系动词、情态动词、助动词之后,在实义动词之前
2、)或句尾。但在否定句中常位于句中。如:She usually have lunch at school。她通常在学校吃中饭。Usually I play basketball with my classmates after school.我通常放学后和同学们一起打篮球.He doesnt usually watch TV。他并不通常看电视.【链接】always总是,一直;usually通常;often经常;sometimes有时;hardly ever几乎不;never从不;它们都是频度副词,表示的频率由always向never递减。(2) on weekends意为“在周末。其中“on+时
3、间名词(具体的某日)表示某一特定时间。如:on Sundays在星期日on September 1sth 在九月一日【辨析】常用于时间之前的介词in, on, at的用法。 in表示一段时间,常用于年、月、季节。如:in 2007在2007年in March在三月in summer在夏天 on表示地某一天,常用于星期、日期或某天的上午、下午、晚上。如:on Saturday在星期六on the morning of October 10th在十月十日的上午 at则用于时间点之前。如:at eight oclock在八点钟【归纳】一些固定短语中的介词。如:at night在夜晚in the ni
4、ght在夜晚in the day在白天2。 How often do you watch TV?你长时间看一次电视? how often表示“多长时间一次”,用来提问某一段时间内进行某个动作的次数,答语通常是never, usually, sometimes, often, twice a day等表示频度的副词或短语。如: How often do you go shopping?你多长时间去购物一次? -Once a week.一周一次。【链接】how long与how soon(1) how long主要用来提问多长时间.答语通常是two days, three months, four
5、 years, five hours等表示一段时间的状语.如:How long may I keep the book?我可以借这本书多长时间?-Two weeks。两周。(2) how long也可用于指“长度。如:How long is the Great Wall?长城有多长?(3) how soon 用来回答“in+一段时间”的状语,且谓语时态为一般将来时或现在进行时表示将来的动作。如:How soon will you go to Shanghai?你多久去上海?In a day。一天后。3. Twice a week。一周一次。(1) twice是一个频度副词,表示“两次”。英语中
6、表示次数的除“一次为once,“两次为twice之外,其他都用“基数词+times”来表示.如:three times三次 (2) 要表示某一动作在某一段时间内发生的频率,则用“次数+一段时间”,也是对how often引导的特殊疑问句的回答。如: How often does your brother come home?你兄弟多长时间回家一次? Three times a year。一年三次。4。 He sometimes watches TV。他有时看电视。 (1) sometimes有时,表示动作的不经常性,多用于现在或过去时态。如: She sometimes helps her m
7、other clean the house。她有时帮妈妈打扫房子.【辨析】sometime, some times, some timesometime副词,意为“某时”,表示在过去或将来的某个时候,指的是时间点,用于过去时或将来时,对它提问用when。如:I will buy a computer sometimes next week。我要在下周的某个时候买台电脑。My father came back from New York sometime last month.我父亲上月某个时候回来了.some times意为“几次(倍),time是可数名词。如:The teacher aske
8、d her to copy the word some times。老师叫她把那个单词抄写几遍。 some time用作名词短语,指“一段时间”.如: I waited for you for some time.我等你一些时候了。【拓展】表示“有时”的短语有:at times(2) watch用作及物动词,意为“观看,注视,监视”,指非常仔细地,有目的地看,常与电视、比赛等搭配.如: I watched the children playing games.我观看孩子们在做游戏。They are going to watch the football game this evening.今晚
9、他们要去看那场足球赛。【辨析】look, see, watchlook是不及物动词,后接宾语时要用介词at,指看的过程,强调有意识的动作。如:Look! Its going to rain。看!天要下雨啦.Please look at the blackboard。 请看黑板。see既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,强调看的结果,即“看见,看到”,但不一定是有意识的。如:Let me see!让我想想!Can you see the birds in the tree?你看见树上的鸟儿吗? 另外,see也用于一些短语中。如:see a doctor看医生, see a movie看电影5. M
10、ost students exercise three or four times a week。大部分学生一周锻炼三、四次。 (1) most作形容词,意为“多数的,大部分的”,用于修饰名词。如:Most schools have computers.大部分学校有电脑。【链接】all, some, no这三个词如most一样,都作形容词,修饰名词。all意为“所有的,全部的”,指三者或三者以上,指全部,some意为“一些”,指一小部分,no意为“没有的”,指全部分否定。如:All students went to the park.所有的学生去公园了。Some boys are playin
11、g soccer.一些男孩在踢足球。No answer is right.没有一个答案是对的。(2) exercise在本句中作动词,意为“运动,锻炼。如: We exercise one hour every day。每天我们锻炼一个小时。【链接】exercise可作名词,表示“体育锻炼,运动”时,是不可数名词;表示“练习,体操”时,是可数名词。如:Swimming is good exercise。游泳是很好的运动。We do morning exercises every day.每天我们做早操.6。 As for homework, most students do homework
12、every day。至于家庭作业,大部分学生每天得做。 as for意为“至于,关于”,用于说话时提及的另一个人或事,或事物的另一个方面。其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。如:As for the report, I think it was written by Li Hong.至于那份报告,我认为是李洪所写.【拓展】as的相关短语:as if / as though好像as well也;又as well as既又;与一样7. Here are the results of the student activity survey at Green High School。下面是格林高中学生活
13、动调查的结果. The results for “watch TV are interesting.“看电视”的调查结果很有趣。(1) 这两句中的the results of和the results for的意思相近,都表示“的结果”。 (2) interesting作形容词,表示“有趣的,引起人兴趣的”,可作表语,也可作定语,用来修饰“物。如: The story is very interesting。 那则故事非常有趣. This is an interesting movie. 这是一部有趣的电影。8。 hardly ever几乎不 Hardly ever与hardly意思相同,都是表
14、示频度的副词,其意义是否定的,常用来修饰表示能力的词,表示事实上不可能。如: He hardly (ever) plays the computer games on school days。他在上学的日子里几乎不玩电脑游戏。 【拓展】表示否定意义的词还有:never, seldom, few, little。 【归纳】含有否定意义的词的反意疑问句的附加问句用肯定形式。如: Jack hardly ever does exercise in the morning, does he?实战演练场夯实基础一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词.1. Wang Tao likes sports very
15、much. He always e_ one hour every morning.2。 My favorite TV p_ is Animal World.3。 The students are very a_ when the teacher asks them to play games。4. Do you know the r_ of the exam, Lucy? 5. When do you usually get up? At a_ 6 oclock。二、用所给词的恰当形式填空。1. Li Lei likes going _ (skateboard) on Sundays.2.
16、How often do you watch TV? -_ (two) a week。3. Please do a survey about the student _ (active).4. The story is very _ (interest)。 I like it very much.5. Maria often _ (shop) in Xinxin Supermarket on Friday night。三、单项选择。( ) 1. _ do you visit your uncle? Three times a month.A。 How soonB。 How longC. How
17、 oftenD. How much( ) 2。 -What _ do you like best? Skateboarding。A。 sportB。 showC. programD. subject( ) 3. “65% of students in our class like reading Englishmeans (意思是) “_ students in our class like reading English”A。 AllB. MostC。 SomeD。 No( ) 4. Lily _ goes to the movies with her friends.A. sometime
18、B。 sometimesC。 some timesD。 some time( ) 5. I often go to the English club _ weekends。A。 inB. byC。 onD. about四、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1. 李明总是在周末上网。 Li Ming always _ _ _ on weekends。2。 至于活动课,我们几乎没有. _ _ activity classes, we _ _ have any.3. 我们可以一周练习一两次钢琴。 We can practice the piano _ _ _ a week.4. 这次的考试结果使我感到吃惊。
19、 _ _ _ this exam surprises me.5。 她从不在晚上九点之后做作业。 She _ _ _ after nine oclock at night.Section B知能新视窗本节继续学习表示频度的副词,并就how often来谈论一个人的饮食习惯,如何保持健康的身体。名师开小灶1。 But my mother wants me to drink it。但我的妈妈要求我喝.want sb。 (not) to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”,其中动词不定式作宾语补足语.如:He wants me to give him some help。 他想我帮帮他. The t
20、eacher wanted us not to talk in class.那位老师要我们不要在课堂上说话。【链接】 want to do sth。意为“想做某事,其中动词不定式作宾语。如:She wants to buy a new dress。她想买一件新裙子.【拓展】动词tell, ask, order等都与want一样都可接动词不定式作宾补。如:My mother asked me not to watch TV。 妈妈要求我不要看电视。2. She says its good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有益.(1) 此句中its good for my healt
21、h是谓语says的宾语,称为宾语从句。如: He says he always shops on weekends. 他说他总是在周末去买东西.(2) its good for my health中的it指上文中提到的to drink milk这一动词不定式.在英语中动词不定式可以充当句子的主语,但习惯上用it作形式主语,而不定式则放在句子后面。如:Its useful for us to learn English.学英语对我们有益。be good for意为“对有益,对有好处”,后接表示人或物的名词。如:Playing sports is good for health.进行体育活动对身体
22、有好处。Good books are good for you.好书对你有益。【拓展】表示“对没好处;对有害”可以用be not good for, be bad for。【链接】good还有以下搭配:be good at意为“擅长,善于”,后接名词、代词或动名词。be good to 意为“对友好”,后接表示人的名词.be good with意为“与相处得好”。 (3) health是不可数名词,意为“健康(状态)”,常用于be in good / poor/ bad health短语中,表示“身体好/不好”。如:He often comes home to see his mother,
23、because she is in bad health.因他妈妈身体不好,所以他常回家。【拓展】healthy作形容词,意为“健康的, 意为“健康的”,它是由名词health+y 构成的形容词。类似的有:cloudy,windy, snowy, sunny, family.3. How many hours do you sleep every night?每晚你睡多少个小时? (1) How many意为“多少”,常用来修饰可数名词的复数形式。如: How many students are there in you school?你校有多少学生?How many times do you
24、 surfer the Internet?你上网有五次。【归纳】how much修饰不可数名词。如:How much milk would you like?你想要多少牛奶? (2) sleep作动词时,意思是“睡觉”。作名词时,意思是“睡眠”。如:What time did you sleep last night?昨晚你几点睡觉?Did you have a good sleep last night? 昨晚你睡得好吗?【辨析】asleep, sleep, sleepy, sleeping asleep是形容词,意为“睡着的,常用作表语或宾语补足语。该词如果作定语,需要放在所修饰的名词之后
25、,称为后置定语。 sleepy是形容词,意思是“困倦的”。sleeping是现在分词,可以与be动词一起构成进行时态。也可作形容词,意思是“正在睡觉的,作定语。4。 but Im pretty healthy.但我相当健康. pretty作副词,意为“相当,非常,颇”,用来修饰形容词或副词,表示程度.如:This book is pretty good.这本书相当好.He played the guitar pretty well. 他的吉它弹得相当好。【拓展】pretty也可作形容词,意为“美丽可爱的”,多用于小孩、妇女或较细小的东西。如:Lucy is a pretty girl. 露茜是
26、一个漂亮的小姑娘.5. I try to eat a lot of vegetables.我设法吃大量蔬菜。 (1) try to do sth意为“尽力去做某事,设法去做某事”。如:Ill try to learn English。 我要尽力学好英语。【拓展】与try搭配的结构:(1) try doing sth意为“试着去做某事”,表示想知道结果而尝试着做做看。如:He tries working out the problem。 他试着解决这个问题.(2) try / do ones best to do sth意为“尽力做某事”。如:You should try your best t
27、o do homework. 你应该尽力做家庭作业。 (3) a lot of = lots of意为“许多”,既可修饰不可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。常用于肯定句中,在否定句和疑问句中则用many或much替代.如:He always has a lot of work to do。 他总是有很多事做。There are a lot of people in the park。 公园里有很多人。【链接】a lot的用法: a lot是副词短语,相当于very much, much意为“非常,十分,多与动词连用,作状语.如:He helps me a lot。 = He helps me (v
28、ery) much。 他对我帮助很大。 a lot作副词,与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示“得多。如:I have a lot more books than he. 我书比他的多得多.I feel a lot better. 我感觉好多了。6。 I love junk food too。 我也喜欢垃圾食品。 too作副词,表示“又,也”,常用于肯定句或疑问句的句末。如:She can play the piano, too. 她也会弹钢琴。Do you often surfer the Internet, too? 你也常上网吗?【辨析】also, too, either这三个词都是“也”的
29、意思,但用法不同。(1) also常用于肯定句或疑问句中,位于连系动词be、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前。如:My father also works in the factory. 我父亲也在那家工厂工作.Can he also speak Japanese。 她也会说日语?(2) either通常用于否定句句末.如:I didnt go skateboarding, either. 我也没去滑踏板。7. I look after my health. 我重视我的健康。 look after在本句中的意思是“留意,重视。还有“照看,照顾”的意思,相当于take care of。如:Yo
30、u look after your sister。 你照看好你妹妹。【链接】与look搭配的短语:look like看起来像look the same看起来一样 look at看look up 查阅look out 当心look through 浏览8. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? 她的生活与你的相同还是不同? (1) the same as意思是“与一样”,是一个引导比较等级的句型,as后接比较的对象。另外,same后有时可接名词。如:His pants are the same as mine. 他的裤子与我的一样。【归
31、纳】 be the same as 的反义短语是be different from. the same as有时可与asas之间进行同义转换。如:He is as old as me.= He has the same age as I。 他和我一样岁数。 (2) or是并列连词,意思是“还是,或”,在疑问句或表示疑问的句子中连接两个并列成分,表示选择。如:Would you like tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡?【链接】or还有“和”的意思,常用在否定句中。也有“否则”的意思,用在“祈使句, or + 简单句”的结构中。如:I dont have a brother or
32、a sister。 我没有兄弟和姐妹. Hurry up, or youll be late for class. 快点,不然你就上课迟到了。9. I think Im kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。 (1) kind of意为“有点,有几分”,多用于修饰形容词或副词,表示程度。与a little, a bit的意思相同.如: Im feeling kind of / a little / a bit tired。 我感觉有点累。【归纳】kind of还可表示“种类”,如:a kind of一种,all kinds of各种各样的,many kinds of许多种。
33、(2) unhealthy意为“不健康的”,是由un+adj。 构成其反义词。un为否定前缀。如:happy高兴的unhappy不高兴的friendly友好的unfriendly不友好的 fair公平的unfair不公平的usual平常的unusual不平常的10. So maybe Im not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit. 所以,可能我不很健康,不过我有一个好习惯。 (1) maybe作副词,意为“很可能,大概”,相当于perhaps,常用于句首作状语。如:Maybe she is right.也许她是对的。Maybe t
34、hey will come this evening。他们可能今晚到。【归纳】may be是“情态动词+动词原形构成的谓语形式,意思是“可能是,也许是”。如:The pen may be yours. 这支笔可能是你的。= Maybe the pen is yours。 (2) although=though是连词,引导让步状语从句,意思是“虽然但是,尽管。如:Although it rained hard, the boys went on playing soccer. 尽管雨下得大,但是男生们继续踢球。【归纳】当although / though引导从句时,主句中不能出现but,但可以和
35、yet或still连用,反之亦然。实战演练场夯实基础一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1。 Its good for us to eat _ (health) food.2。 My mother wants me _ (drink) milk for breakfast.3. Who is the _ (interview)?4。 He does his homework _ (well) than (比) me。5。 What are the _ (different) between them?二、单项选择。( ) 1。 Healthy food and exercise _ me to stu
36、dy better。A. letB. makeC. helpD。 keep( ) 2。 Im thirty (渴). Could you please give me something _?A。 to eatB。 to drinkC. drinkD. eat( ) 3。 The teacher says its not good _ our health to eat junk food.A. forB。 toC。 atD。 with( ) 4. _ hours do you sleep every night?About seven hours。A。 How manyB. How much
37、C. How oldD. How( ) 5。 My best friend has the same hairstyle _ me。A. forB. likeC. fromD. as( ) 6。 _ its raining outside, _ they still are playing basketball。A。 Although, butB。 But, althoughC。 Although, /D。 / , although( ) 7。 _ do you eat vegetables?Every day。A. How longB。 How soonC. How oftenD. How
38、many times( ) 8。 The girl is _ shy。A。 a kind ofB. kind ofC. a bit ofD。 a lot of( ) 9。 I dont like chicken, so I _ eat it.A. alwaysB. mostC. neverD。 hard( ) 10。 What _ do you like?-Pingpong。A. foodB。 subjectC. drinkD. sports三、用所给动词的正确形式填空.1。 My English is very poor (差)。 I try _ (study) it.2。 Good lif
39、estyle can help _ (keep) healthy。3. My _ (eat) habits are pretty good.4。 When I _ (come) into the room, there are many people there.5. Jack wants Mary _ (bring) the story book to her。四、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1。 我总是放学五点钟到家。 I always _ _ _ school at 5 oclock.2. 他在这里有很多好朋友。 He has _ _ _ good friends here.3。 当然,我
40、也喜欢吃垃圾食品。 _ _, I love junk food, too。4. 你应该关心你的健康。 You should _ _ your health。5. 因为他学习努力,所以取得好成绩。 Because he studied hard, he _ _ _。Self Check知能新视窗本节主要复习动词的一般现在时态的运用,同时归纳总结本单元的学习材料,并就所学的语言谈论一个最喜欢的生活方式。名师开小灶1. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her. 妈妈希望我六点起床并和她一起打乒乓球。 play是动词,意思是
41、“玩,打,演奏”,后常接活动类名词和乐器名词。当后接活动类名词时,该名词前不用任何冠词;当后接乐器名词时,名词前常用定冠词the。如:She likes to play the piano, but she doesnt like to play basketball。 她喜欢弹钢琴,但不喜欢打篮球。【拓展】playwith sb. 意思是“与一起玩 / 打”,play with sth.意思是“玩弄,玩耍”.2. Grandpa is pretty healthy because he exercises every day. 爷爷十分健康,因为他每天进行锻炼. because作连词,意思是
42、“因为,由于”,引导原因状语从句,可位于主句之前,也可放在主句之后。如: He got good grade because he worked hard all the time。 = Because he worked hared all the time, he got good grade。 因为他一直努力学习,所以取得了好成绩。【归纳】如果一个句子中用了because,就不能用so。反之亦然.【拓展】because可以与介词of连用,意为“因为,但of的后面只能跟名词、代词或动名词,而不能跟从句.如:They stayed in the house because of the he
43、avy rain. 他们呆在屋里是因为大雨。3。 A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health. 大量的蔬菜有助于保持健康. 此处的keep作动词,表示“保持(某种状态)”的持续,其后常跟形容词、副词或介词短语。本句中的in good health就是一个介词短语,表示“身体处于健康状态.Keep in good health意为“保持身体健康,与keep healthy, stay healthy意思相同。如:Taking exercise keeps us in good health / healthy. 锻炼保持我们的身体健康。
44、He keeps in the classroom for two hours。 他在教室里两个小时.【链接】与keep搭配的短语:keep on doing sth. 坚持/ 继续做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep out 出去keep away from 远离4. You must try to eat less meat。 你必须少吃肉. must意为“必须,一定”,是情态动词,没有人称、数以及时态的变化,后接动词原形一起构成谓语。其否定形式为mustnt,表示“禁止,一定不要如: You must obey the school rules。 你一定要遵守学校规章制度。You mustnt talk in class. 你一定不要在课堂上说话。【拓展】对must问句的简略回答:作肯定回答用must,但作否定回答就用neednt或dont / doesnt have to。如:Must I clean the classroom now? 我现在必须打扫教室吗