英语论文-humanity--culture-—wuthering-heig人性文明爱.doc

英语论文：Humanity?Culture?WutheringHeig摘要艾米莉.勃朗特在呼啸山庄中，以爱情为主题，从一个侧面展现了人性与社会文明的冲突，展示了人性是多么复杂的东西，而使这部小说有了令人难以忘怀的地方。本文揭示了人性的复杂与深刻，在于它所蕴含的爱与恨，而左右着人性的又是当时的社会文明。本文探讨了小说中的人性与文明的冲突的产物爱与恨，而凯瑟琳和希刺克利夫在人性与文明的影响下又怎样面对他们的爱情。在社会文明的影响下，当爱情产生了恨，而恨往往把人性扭曲了，而有了一场社会文明下的悲剧人性爱情故事，因为当人性再度重现，已错过了一段美丽的爱情。关键词：人性文明爱报复AbstractInWutheringHeightsbyEmilyBronte,basedonlove,ontheotherside,demonstratesthecollisionbetweenhumanityandculture.Thehumanityisverycomplex.Accordingly,thisnovelhasthehauntingplot.Thisnovelrevealsthehumanityscomplexityandprofundity,becauseitimpliestheloveandresentment,furthermore,thehumanityhasimpactedonthetemporalsocialculture.Thispaperexplorestheloveandhateproducingfromthecollisionbetweenhumanityandculture.AndtrytoillustratetheundyinglovebetweenCatherineandHeathcliffthroughhumanityandcultureandhowtofacetheirlove.Underthesocialculture,whenloveturnstohate,hatetwistshumanity.Thereby,humanitysloveisastragedythroughculture.Becausetheymissedthebeautifultimeforlove,whenhumanityarisesagain.Keywords:HumanityCultureLoveRevengeHumanity?Culture?WutheringHeighetsloveIntroductionInWutheringHeights,thetopicislove,deducesusaworld-shakingundyinglove.Theyarenotonlyhavethelingeringlove,butalsoadeeplyingrainedhatebetweenthem.CatherineandHeathcliffslovehasbothhumanityandsocialcultureandwhichbindwiththem.Thehumanityhasmadetheirloveunchangedandundying,butculturedestroysthislove,andcauseshate,Catherinebetrayshim.ThereforeHeathcliffshateisquiteincisiveandvivid,butstillcomesbacktothelove.InthenovelbyEmilyBronte,thetwomaincharactershavethenaturalstyleandprimitivenaturenaivete,truculence,frankness,firmness,aflushofsentiment,behavioriscrazy.Theyloveverydesperately,theyhateisregardlessofwhatever.Asaresult,thecharacterslovequitestrong,shaking-heart.“Unchangedasthemount,ferocityasthelighting”(songp7).Hence,WutheringHeightsbecomesthemostmagnificentloveepicintheworld.ThesocialcultureandhumanityInthenineteenthcentury,theVictorianperiodthenoblemanisenormouslyproudoftheirsuccess,fullofthetemporalrankconcept.Statusisfirst,moneyisGod.Peoplesspiritssufferfromtheintenseoppression.Humanityistwistedwithoutmercy.TheEarnshowsholdaprecariousplacewithinthehierarchy.Althoughthegentry,possessedservantsandoftenlargeestates,theynonethelessholdafragilesocialposition.TheLintonsarerelativelyfirmintheirgentrysstatus,buttheEarnshowsareonmuchshakiergroundsocial.CatherinewantstomarryEdgarsothatshewillbe“thegreatestwomanoftheneighborhood”.Aboveall,thisisthesocialcultureandhumanityonthattime.ButCatherineandHeathcliffscharacterisgovernedbytheirpassions,notbyreflectionoridealsofcivility.Alsothehousewheretheylivecomestosymbolizethehumanity,butThrushcrossGrangerepresentsculture,convention,refinement.WhenCatherineleftforThrushcrossGrangethefirsttime,shehasimpactedonthiscultureandfindsherselfdeeplyattractedbyit.Therefore,forloveherheartsoambivalent.OwningtoCatherineschanging,Heathcliffbeginstoresentthesocietythatisresponsible,“whenheacquirespowerandreturnstoWutheringHeightswithmoneyandthetrappingsofagentlemanhebecomesavillain”.Humanitywasdispelledinacorner;socialculturewasfilledincivicbrain.CatherinesloveunderthesocialcultureTheheroineCatherineisveryambivalentinherlove.Duetohumannature,shelovesHeathcliffdeeplywithchildlikepassion,andhersoulcantlivewithouthim.Butthesocialculturemadeherbetraytheloveinordertosatisfyheryearningforfameandwealth.ShechoosesLinton,herebyherlovebecomesatragedy.CatherineiscrazyaboutHeathcliff.Theirloveisrootedintheirchildhoodandismarkedbytherefusaltochangeandembracethosedifferences.Moreover,theirloveisbasedontheirsharedperceptionthattheyareidentical,eventheirsoulsaresharedbyone.Catherinedeclares,“Whateveroursoulsaremadeof,hisandminearethesame”.(Gaop103)“IamHeathcliff!”(Gaop105)WhenshefirstcomesbackfromThrushcrossGrange,sheimmediatelyrealizestheimpactthatthesocialculturehashadinher.Herheartbecomesmorecomplexandambivalent.CatherinelooksforHeathcliff,toembraceandkisshim,atthesametimesheisafraidaboutHeathcliffsdirtyclotheagainsthercleandress.Shealsotreatshermarriagelikethis.IfshemarriesHeathcliffshewillbeabeggar.EvenifsheiswellawarethatwithoutHeathcliffshecantlive,butthecruelrealityhelpsherrealizethatmarryingLintonwillmakeherbecomethegreatestwomaninthearea.Thetemptationofmaterialbenefitandthebourgeoisculturesociety,madeherbetrayherlove.Butherbetrayalisnotthorough.Although,shedarestobreakfreefromthelowclassculture.SheisstillcrazyaboutHeathcliffevenwithoutproperty,status.AsCatherinesays“ItwoulddegrademetomarryHeathcliffnowbutbecauseheismoremyselfthanIam.”(Gaop102)ButhumanitysloveneverletCatherinegiveupHeathcliff.Catherinesaid“MyloveforHeathcliffresemblestheeternalrocksbeneath:asourceoflittlevisibledelight,butnecessary.butasmyownbeing.”(Gaop105)HerchoiceaboutmarriagemadeherbetrayherhumanityandHeathcliff,forcingHeathclifftoleave.Despiteherchildlikenaturetolovehimverydeeplywithfiercepassion.SocialculturewinshumanityinCatherine,butshewasneverhappyatthecivilizedThrushcrossGrange,andfoundherselffeelingemptywithoutsoul.Andforthenextsevenyears,Catherinecoastedthroughlife,livingonlyinthepast.HersoulsoeagertomeetHeathcliffssoul.Ultimately,sheistornbetweenherwildpassionforHeathcliffandhersocialambition.Buttheprimitiveloveexceedstheculturallove,causeshermisstheWutheringHeightsinsick.Andbeforeshedies,gointothebosomofHeathcliff.Aftershedies,herlonelyghostthirstsforcomingbackWutheringHeights.Sheusesthemelancholyvoicesobs“LetmeinLetmein!”(Songp28)HeathcliffsloveandhateHeathcliffsloveispureinintentionandneverchanges.LikeCatherine,helovestorunaroundonthemoor.Hislovejusthasthehumannaturesemotionwithoutrank,culture.Heathcliffneversays“love”,buthislovestrongerthanhurricane,comparewithcloudburst.Heisfilledwithuncontrollablepassion.Inchapterthird,hehearssomesoundsinCatherinesroom,“hisagitationwassoextreme,thathecouldhardlypickitup.”(Gaop30)Uponarrivingatthebedroom,asLockwoodtherenterofThrushcrossGrangefleesfromit,HeathcliffcriesouttoCatherinebegginghertoreturn.“Comein!Comein!HesobbedCathy,docome.Ohdooncemore!Oh!Myheartsdarling;hearmethistime.Catherine,atlast!”(Gaop33)thisshowshowHeathclifftastesthebitternessofhislostlove.HisloveforCatherineisexpressedsimple,honestlybrevitybutfulloffervidlove.Inchaptersixteenth,hecursesCatherineforthepain.Shehascausedhimandpleadswithherspirittohaunthimfortherestofhislife.Shemaytakeanyform,hesays,andevendrivesmemadaslongasIamliving.Hegoesontosay“mayyounotrestaslongasIamliving!YousaidIkilledyou-hauntme,then!”“Bewithmealways-takeanyform-drivememad!Onlydonotleavemeinthisabyss,whereIcantfindyou!”(Gaop218)Althoughinthischapter,therearenodefinitewordstorepresentHeathcliffslove,itisnonethelessknownanddeeplyrootedintheirhearts,neverlosingtheirpassion.BecauseofthestrengthofhisloveforCatherine,HeathcliffundertakeshiswickedandvengefulrevengeagainstthosedeemsresponsibleforhismiseryHeathcliffcomesfromthelowerclassandbecauseofthis,theLintonfamilymakeshimfeelsunworthyofher.Catherineseeksamoregenteellifethereforebetrayingtheirlove.WhenHeathcliffheardthat“ItwoulddegrademetomarryHeathcliffnow”(Gaop102).Hewithdrawsinarageofshame,humiliation,anddespair.Threeyearslater,Heathcliffcomesbackwithpowerandmoney,heislongingformeetingCatherine,atthistimehebeginstodoanelaborateplanforrevenge.Buthiscruelandharmfulbehaviorcomesfromthepainofhislove.Hebecomesafiend,ademon,towardeverypersonaroundhim.HeruinsHindleyCatherinesbrotherbytrickinghimandtherefore,takingpossessionofWutheringHeights.HealsoendsHaretonsHindleyssoneducationafterHindleydied,andthenelopeswithIsabellaLintionssister,aftersheisill-treatedbyhim.Likewise,HeathcliffusesIsabellatorevengeEdgar.“Hismalevolenceprovessogreatandlonglastingthatitcantbeadequatelyexplainedevenasadesireforrevenge”(Liup34)WithoutCatherine,helosthissenseoflife,revengereplaceslove,andbecomethedrivingforcebehindhisactions.However,whostripshislove?Whatdoestwisthishumanity?Butthedeep-rootedlovedidntdisappearatall.HeathclifftriestorecapturethespiritofCatherineinhisdesiretorejoinher.Heevenopenshercoffin,Heathcliffsays“Isawherfaceagain”.ThemanysignsofCatherineshowthat“shedidexist”butthat“Ihavelosther”.WhenHeathclifffulfillshisrevenge,hefindsthattheprimarypleasureisnolongerwithinhim.Hebeginstogiveuphisrevenge,wantingonlytobewithCatherine.Thehumanityofhislovearisesagain,loveforCatherineerodinghislustforrevenge.InHeathcliffslife,heseesCatherinesshadoweverywhere.HeisboundtoCatherine.Theysharedonesoul,longingtobecomeoneunit.HeathcliffbecomesmoreandmoreobsessedwiththememoriesofCatherine,beginstotalkingwithherghost.Rememberinghisclimacticnightonthemoors,hefeelssohappyandanticipatesareunionwithherghost.Twoopenedsoulsbecomeone.Heathcliffsfeelingofrevengeforhislostlove,eventually,returntotheoriginalsource.Intheend,Humanityslovewinsdrivinghislifefromthispointonward.Conclusion“Inevitably,theunbridgeablegabinCatherinesandHeathcliffssocialpositionsrenderstheirferventromanceunrealizableonanypracticallevel”.（Liup77）Catherinesactionsaresostringingdrivenbyhersocialambitions,thatshebetraysherhumanity,andconsequentlyHeathcliffsloveturnstopthehate.Heathcliffbecomesaso-calledgenteelman,returnstoWutheringHeightsandcarryingoutallthecruelactsofrevenge.Nevertheless,thisloveisnatural,primitive,inner,andspiritualone.Onaccountoftheirsoulhasbeentheunitcantseparatefromeachother,nomorethantwobodies.Theemotioncantusetheculturetoexplainandalterit.Thetemporalsocialculturecompareswiththedelicatehumanity,therebyresultinginapainfulendingtothislovestory.Whenloveturnstohate,hatetwiststhehumanity.ThisprofoundavatarisshownthroughHeathcliffandCatherine.Theauthorshowsforusthestrugglebetweenhumanitysloveandsocialculture.Inlightifthisideal,today,howdowechooseourlovewhenfacedit?WorkscitedJihaiGao,WutheringHeights,YILIYilipeoplespress.2003.6JianxiLiu,WutheringHeights,TianjingTianjingtechnologytranslationpublishinghouse2003.9ZhaolinSong,WutheringHeightsprolusion,Pekingpekingyanshanpress1999.9OutlineI. introduction1.1TheloveinWutheringHeights1.2ThetwomaincharactershumannatureII.Thetemporalsocialcultureandhumanity2.1Cultureandhumanityonthattime2.2Humanitywasdispelledinacorner,socialculturewasfilledincivicbrainIII.Catherinesloveunderthesocialculture3.1Thereasonsfordeeplove3.2SocialculturewinshumanitysloveIV.Heathcliffsloveandhateproducingfromthecollisionbetweenhumanityandculture4.1HeathcliffsloveforCatherinecausesbynatureanditisunchangedandundying4.2Heathcliffshatecausesbyculturewhichisquiteincisiveandvivil4.3LoveandhateonHeathcliffwhichimportunehimself4.4HumanityslovemakesHeathclifflosingtheprimitivepleasureV.Conclusion5.1Whenloveturnstohate,hatetwistshumanity