可数名词和不可数名词知识点及练习题.doc

名词的用法

可数名词
(一) 定义：能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西。可数名词变成复数形式规则变化
一般情况下，直接在词尾+s: book→books, pencil→pencils.
(二) 规则变化
词性特点

大多数可数名词
在词尾加-s.
book— books
dog — dogs
tree — trees
在浊辅音和元音后面读[z],在清辅音后面读[s]
以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
glass — glasses
dish— dishes
watch — watches
box— boxes
读[iz]
以o结尾的名词
加-es或加-s.
Negro — Nigroes
hero — heroes
tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes
photo — photos
读[z]
以f 或fe 结尾的名词
先把f 改为v,再加–es
knife — knives
leaf — leaves
thief — thieves
读[vz]
以辅音字母加y 结尾名词
先把y 改为i,再加-es
story — stories
city — cities
baby — babies
注意：boy — boys toy — toys
key — keys
读[z]
(三) 不规则变化
man — men 男人 woman — women 妇女 tooth — teeth 牙齿 foot — feet 脚
有些名词的单复数形式相同
deer — deer 鹿 sheep — sheep绵羊
Chinese — Chinese 中国人 Japanese — Japanese 日本人
(四) 特殊的复数形式的名词
由两部分构成的东西的名词，总以复数形式出现，如：glasses眼镜，trousers裤子，
socks 袜子，clothes衣服等。若表达具体数目，要借助量词 pair对/双，suit套等。
a pair of glasses, two pairs of socks
(五) 可数名词的特点
(1) 有单复数：one desk, two chairs, many birds。
(2) 可以用不定冠词a/an、数词、many, some, any, a lot of, lots of等词修饰：an apple,
three pictures, some students。
(3) 单数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式；复数名词做主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
① There is a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔。
② There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有一些学生。
(4) 在特殊疑问句中，用how many修饰可数名词
There are three pens on the desk. (对划线部分提问)
→How many pens are there on the desk?

不可数名词
(一) 定义：不能以数目计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的
东西，如water, tea, bread等。它没有复数概念，它的前面不能用补丁冠词a/an.
表特指时可用定冠词the修饰。
① Water is very important to life. 水对生命来说十分重要。
② The bread on the table is Mark’s. 桌子上的面包师Mark的。
(二) 特点
(1) 不可数名词前面可以有much, a little, a lot of等修饰词：much bread, a little tea
(2) 不可数名词不能用数词修饰，需要借助单位词来表示数量：
a piece of paper 一张纸， a piece of bread一片面包，a cup of tea一杯茶
(3) 不可数名词变复数：量词变复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数
two pieces of bread 两片面包， three cups of tea 三杯茶
(4) 对不可数名词的修饰词提问，疑问词用how much.
There is some milk in the glass. (对划线部分提问)
→How much milk is there in the glass?

练习：
一、根据句意及所给单词填空。
1. ________(this) are my English books.
2. My aunt Jane and my mother are ___________(sister).
3. I have two ___________(watch). They are on the desk.
4. I have some __________(photo) of my family.
5. Do you like these ____________(dictionary)?
6. Those are _________(bus).
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
二、选择填空：
1. —Mom, I want___. ——Here you are.
A. a bread B. a piece of bread C. some breads D.breads
2. The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch
3. There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
4. —_____apples do we need to make fruit salad? —Let me think...We need three apples.
A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many
5. "Lily, Let's make vegetable salad. How many _____ do we need?" "One is enough."
A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes.
6. Would you like _____ to eat now?
A. some B. anything C. something D. thing
7. I'm so hungry. Please give me _____ to eat.
A. three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads

一、 these, sisters, watches, photos, buses, tomatoes, leaves
二、 1-5 BCCDC 6-7CB