深圳牛津八年级下unit1-知识点归纳和练习.doc

11八年级下册 Unit1 Helping those in need一、 词汇单词词性及词义词汇拓展raisev. 筹募，增加，提高，饲养近义词：put up举起；提高keep饲养permission n. 准许，批准近义词：agreementpermit v. 允许disabledadj. 失去能力的，残疾的ability n.能力able adj. 能be able to do sth. 能做某事teenagern. 青少年teenage adj. 青少年的offerv. 主动提出be willing to do somethingoffer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offer sth to sb = offer sb sth 向某人提供某物sufferv. （因疾病等）受苦，受折磨serious adj. 严重的seriously adv. 认真地，严重地illnessn. (某种)病ill adj. 不好的，有病的，恶意的be ill= be sick 生病的lonelyadj.孤独的，寂寞的friendshipn. 友情，友谊friendly adj. 友好的be friendly to sb. 对某人友好friendliness n. 友善friend n. 朋友make friends with 和交朋友difficultyn. 困难，费劲be not able to do something easilydifficult adj. 困难的have difficulty in doing sth.在做某事上有困难joyn. 愉快，喜悦a feeling of great happinessto ones joy 令人愉快的是joyful adj. 快乐的peacen. 平静，宁静peaceful adj. 和平的，宁静的hurt n. & v. 受伤，受伤的近义词：injuredcourage n. 勇气，勇敢encourage v.鼓励discourage v. 阻止；使气馁spirits n. 情绪，心境spiritual adj. 精神的，心灵的payv. 付费pay for = spendon 在花费.pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事organize v. 组织同根词：organization n. 组织；机构；团体express v. 表达；表露同根词：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情二、 词组1. in need 需要帮助的2. voluntary work义务工作 3. ask permission报请批准4. suffer from 因受苦5. raise ones spirits 使振奋 cheer up6. in order to 目的在于 so as to 三、 句型1. We spent time with a girl called Vivien 我们和一个叫维维恩的女孩在一起。此句中，spend time with sb意为“和某人一起度过”。例如：Some young people dont want to spend time with the old.一些年轻人不想和老人在一起。I met a girl called Cindy.called 被叫做 =named 名为 The girl called Lucy is one of the best students in our school. 那个被叫做Lucy的女孩是我们学校最好的学生之一2. I went there and took some photos of it.take photos/pictures of 表示“给拍照” take pictures/photos 意为“拍照”They took many photos of the winner. 他们拍了许多获胜者的照片。Although I love holidays, I hate to take photos. 尽管我喜欢度假，但我却讨厌照相。3.This helps them express their feelings.help sb (to )do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，help 后做宾补的不定代词可以带to ,也可以不带to ,本结构与help sb. with sth .意思相同。拓展：help oneself to sth. 随便吃某物 Help yourself to the fish.express 及物动词，意为“表露，表达”Bill is not afraid to express his opinions.拓展：expression 名词，意为“表达，表示;表情”Her expression suggested anger. 她露出愤怒的表情。4. They have difficulty walking or moving. 他们走路或移动有困难。此句中，have difficulty (in) doing sth意为“做某事有困难”。 = have trouble (in) doing sthI have difficulty finishing my homework. 我完成家庭作业有困难。若后接名词：则常用have difficulty with sth 的结构 5. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage他的腿在事故中受伤了，但是他很勇敢。本句中,but为并列连词，意为“但是；然而”，连接两个句子，表示转折。I want to buy the beautiful bike, but I have no money.我想买那辆漂亮的自行车，但是我没有钱。hurt vt. = injure 使疼痛；受伤搭配：hurt oneself 受伤Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？6.We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits我们需要帮助像蒂姆那样的孩子，并使他们 鼓起勇气。本句中，like用作介词，意为“例如；像”。Things like paper and glass can be recycled.像纸和玻璃这样的东西可以重复利用。四、语法动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，但to有时可以省略。动词不定式在句子中不做谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。一动词不定式作宾语：基本结构：动词+动词不定式动词不定式可以在agree, choose, decide, learn, plan, hope, promise, want, seem, would, like等后面做宾语。如：I want to play basketball. 我想玩篮球。I agree to meet Susan outside the cinema. 我同意在电影院外跟苏珊见面。 有些动词后面可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构，这些动词包advise，ask，decide，discuss，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell等如：We teach him how to walk. 我们教他走路。I forgot what to do. 我忘记要做什么了。 二动词不定式作宾语补足语：基本结构：动词+宾语（名词/代词）+动词不定式动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有带to和省略to 的两种情况。常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，ask，tell，order，invite，allow，wish，get，want，encourage等。如: My teacher often encourages us to study hard. 我的老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。Tom asked me not to sleep in class. Tom叫我不要在课堂上睡觉。常跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：使役动词let, make, have等，感官动词see, feel, notice等。 如：You can let the girl go first. 你可以让那个女孩子先走。I saw him open the door. 我看见他开门。三动词不定式表目的：动词不定式还可以用来表示某一动作或状态的目的。动词不定式也可以位于句首。如：She went to the department store to buy a new book. 她去百货商店是为了买本新书。To learn English well, you should speak English as much as possible. 想学好英语，应该尽可能多的说英语。Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元测试姓名 分数 I. 词汇运用 (每小题1分，共15分)i. 根据句意，选择与划线部分意思最接近的选项。(每小题1分，共8分)( ) 1. When I told him the news, he expressed his surprise.A. knewB. showedC. impressed( ) 2. Keeping pets can give us much joy.A. sadnessB. sicknessC. happiness( ) 3. You cant go out at night unless you get your mothers permission.A. agreementB. knowledgeC. message( ) 4. Dont make any noises here. I need peace.A. luckB. fearC. anger( ) 5. He came home early in order to see his son before he went to bed.A. so thatB. in order thatC. so as to( ) 6. Amy explained that she had to leave at once.A. secretlyB. immediatelyC. happily( ) 7. I dont know why he didnt accept the doctors suggestions.A. repliedB. rejectedC. raised( ) 8. After he washed the dishes, she continued to sweep the floor.A. went on B. went upC.comparedii. 选择恰当的词汇或短语完成句子。(每小题1分，共7分)( ) 9. A_ is someone who is between thirteen and nineteen years old.A. bossB. daughterC. teenager( ) 10. To_ from something is to be badly affected by it.A. stopB. payC. suffer( ) 11. Everyone needs a_. That is, they need friends.A. friendshipB. relationshipC. news( ) 12. A_ is a spoken or written piece ofinformation.A. messageB. gestureC. language( ) 13. Why do you often _ him of his success?- So that he doesnt lose his confidence.A. remindB. hearC. advise( ) 14. I am greatly interested in this painting. Something in it _ the painters deep love for nature.A. expressB. discussesC. imagines( ) 15. -Who will_ the activity?- Some volunteersA. expressB. acceptC. organizeII. 单项选择 (每小题1分，共15分)( ) 16. You may take a horse to the river, but you cant make it_.A. to drinkB. drankC. drink( ) 17. You can use a tool _ a fire.A. makeB. makingC. to make( ) 18. - I always feel _ when I am at home_. - I think you should go out to communicate with more people.A. lonely; lonelyB. lonely; aloneC. alone: lonely( ) 19. - Do you have difficulty _ the work in two days? - Of course not. Its easy _ me to do it.A. finishing; forB. finishing; of C. to finish; for( ) 20. They _ 20,000 yuan for the Hope Project last year.A. roseB. raise C. raised( ) 21. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. where to chooseB. which to chooseC. to choose which( ) 22. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.A. ride；rideB. riding；rideC. ride；to ride( ) 23. -How far is your cousins home from here? - Its about two _ ride.A. hoursB. hoursC. hours ( ) 24. -Do you know the man who is standing at the door? - Yes, I do. Hes a friend of _ .A. I B. mineC. me( ) 25. -Is your friend Michael still in Australia? -I don t know. I have_ information about him because we havent seen each other for_ years.A. a little; a fewB. little; a fewC. a few; a little( ) 26. -How does Jack usually go to work? - He_ drive a car, but now he_ there to lose weight.A. used to; is used to walkB. was used to; is used to walkingC. used to; is used to walking( ) 27. -Lets play football on the playground. - Its so hot outside. I would rather_ at home than _out.A. stay ; goB. to stay; goC. stay; to go( ) 28. -Are you _ of the dark ? -Yes ,so I always go to sleep with my bedroom lights_.A. worry ; onB. afraid ; onC. worried ; off( ) 29. I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found _.A. noneB. bothC. neither( ) 30. Jims a taxi driver, _ he really wants to be a doctor.A. andB. soC. butIII. 完型填空 (每小题1.5分，共15分) Once, a king showed two men a large basket(篮子) in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well(井). After they 31._ their work, he left them, saying, “When the sun is down, I will come and see your work.”At last, one of them said, “Whats the use of doing this foolish(愚蠢的) work? We can 32._ fill the basket.” The other man answered, “That is 33._ of your business.” The first man said. “You may do as you like, but Im not going to work at something so 34._” He 35._ his bucket and went away. The other man said no word, and kept on carrying 36._ . Finally, the well was almost 37._ .As he poured(倒) the last bucket(桶) of water into the basket, he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it 38._ . It was a beautiful gold ring. Just then the king came. 39._ he saw the ring, he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted. He told him to keep the ring for himself. “You 40._ so well in this little thing,” he said, “that now I know I can believe you with many things.”31. Afinished Bdid Cbegan32. Aever Bnever Ceasily33. Anone Bno Cnot34.Aclever Bfoolish Ceasy35.Apicked upBput away C threw away36.Awater Bbasket Cwell37.Afull Bempty Cfilled38.Aup Bdown Cof39.AWhile BAs soon as CBefore40.Adid Bwill do Cwas doIV. 阅读理解 (每小题1.5分，共30分) A Teaching is one of the most rewarding（有回报的） jobs. It is also one of the most stressful. If you want to be a teacher, you should have a passion（激情） for young people. If you are thinking about going into teaching for any other reason than this, you need to find another job. Teaching is difficult. Students can be difficult. Parents can be difficult. If you do not have a passion for the young people that you teach, you will burn out quickly. Passion is what keeps an excellent teacher going. When students have trouble understanding what is taught, it is what drives him to spend long hours trying to think out how to help them. If you do not have enough passion for your students, you might last a year or two, but not long. Passion is a must-have quality（品质） for every good teacher. Teaching can be rewarding, but you shouldnt expect that reward to come easily. Teachers who search out better and new methods are the ones who will make it. A good teacher needs to be able to work with everyone. All teachers face stress. It is important to be able to deal with everything that is thrown at you when you walk through your classroom doors. There are so many chances for stress within a classroom that an excellent teacher has to be able to bring it in control. If you cannot manage stress quite well, then teaching may not be the right job for you.41. According to the passage, if you want to be a teacher, _.A. youd better ask the writer for advice B. passion is the most importantC. you will be best rewarded D. you have to be young enough42. A successful teacher is someone who _.A. burns out quickly and easily B. faces the most stress and difficult parentsC. searches out better and new methods D. has the right reason for his job 43. The key words for the passage are _. A. passion and stress B. difficult and rewardingC. deal with and be able to D. teachers and students44. Most stress is thrown at the teacher _.A. in the classroom B. from the parentsC. in a year or two D. after class 45. An excellent teacher knows _.A. how the reward as a teacher will comeB. how to manage everything that happens in his workC. how long his passion for young people will lastD. how many new methods he will have to useB Today, an increasing number of people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. These people are called the “Heads-down Tribe(低头族)”. Are you a heads-down tribe member Heads-down tribe members now can be seen everywhere.More and more traffic accident are happening because drivers use mobile phones when they are driving. In order to make drivers pay more attention to driving, some new traffic rules have been made. For example, heads-down tribe members who use mobile phones while driving will be fined ￥200.As we can see above, using mobile phones may cause accidents and even cost money. Besides, more and more interesting things happen to the “Heads-down Tribe”. According to a piece of interesting TV news, a man in America kept using his mobile phone on his way home. Suddenly, he bumped(撞上) into a big lost bear. When he lifted his eyes from the phone, he was so scared that he ran away as quickly as possible.Another fact is that we can often see people in the restaurant eating face to face but looking at their own mobile phones. Its strange that they dont talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun communicating with others on the phone all the time.Mobile phones are helpful and necessary tools for modern life. Are mobile phones good or bad It depends on how people use them. Lets be “healthy” users and try not to be the “ Heads-up Tribe”.46. Who are called the “ Heads-down Tribe” according to the passage?A. People who are always looking for something with their heads down.B. People who are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down.C. People who are always sad with their heads down.D. People who are always thinking with their heads down.47. What will happen to heads-down tribe members if they use mobile phones while drivingA. They will be fined. B. Their phones will be taken away.C. They will be given ￥200. D. Their driving license will be taken away.48. Where did the American probably bump into the bear?A. At a zoo. B. In the street. C. In his house. D. In the mountains.49.When heads-down tribe members eat in a restaurant,_.A. they dont use their mobile phones B. they dont talk to the people who sit oppositeC. they talk to the strangers all the time D. they eat food all the time50. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Mobile phones are helpful and necessary. B. Lets try to be the “Heads-down Tribe”.C. We should use mobile phones right. D. We shouldnt use mobile phones any more.C Do you know how to play a game called “Musical Chairs”？ It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs， some people and some way of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument， if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.Put the chairs in a row. The chairs may be put in twos，