初三短文填空和完型填空专题训练.doc

一 短文填空。短文填空是近几年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型通常是：给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词或短语，同时给出这些单词或短语的汉语意思，让考生根据短文的上下文和所给汉语的提示，填上适当的单词或短语。陕西省的短文填空题采用的基本上是第四种形式。这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力、基础语法的运用能力和书面表述能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。 做好短文填空题要求考生具备坚实的语法基础，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空可以从以下几个方面着手：1、从语法方面考虑短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。例如2003年中考的短文填空题的第一个空：“Most of us 1 (忙于)talking about and using the Internet every day.” 在这里，用英语表示“忙于”不仅要用busy, busy之前还要加be, 而be还要和主语most of us保持一致，变成are。再如2004年中考题中的第7个空，but soon youll 7 _(习惯于) doing it. “习惯于”必须用be / get used to, 因为这个短语用在一般将来时中，在助动词之后。2、从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑短文填空经常会出现词组和短语，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考说明短文填空的第8个空：“ 8 （在圣诞夜）children are very happy.” 用英语表示“在圣诞夜”必须用On Christmas Eve。因为在“某一天的晚上”习惯上用介词on。2004年考题中的第5个空就是一个固定搭配-at least。3、从上下文的结构方面考虑有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什麽样的单词或短语。例如2003年考试说明短文填空的第9个空：They put their stocking at the end of their beds 9 their parents can put presents in them.从上下文文我们可以看出，他们把他们的长筒袜放在床头上是为了让他们的父母亲能够把礼物放在里面。以此判断，后面的句子应是一个目的状语从句。因此，应填so that。再看2004年的10个空Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables and drink water 10_ (代替) drinks. 这个句子中已经有了谓语动词eat 和drink, 代替就不能再用动词，而需用一个介词instead of。二 完型填空。一般说来讲解以下三种解题技法： 1.词语搭配 (1)从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。 (2)因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a film (3)词序和意义皆以固定的复合词和动词短语。如：push ahead with(奋力前行)。 (4)因词组而构成的常见的句式：It feels+形容词+不定式，在搭配判断时，注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通。但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化；要注意单个词组的多义性。如：take off有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假等多种含意。 2.语法判定 (1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面： a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。 b.动词的选用，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。 c.选择介词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。 d.选择代词，要注意性、数、格是否准确。 e.选择连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。 f.选择形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。 (2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装 a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，其次是祈使句的零时态等。 b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也考查简单的定语从句。 c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。 (3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法 a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。 b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。 3.例举对比 在完形填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到难以选择的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再做出明智的选择。 一般的解题过程是： 1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。 2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。 3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。 4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点： (1)文章是否顺畅； (2)所填单词是否是最佳单词； (3)所填单词是否有拼写错误【巩固练习】一 短文填空。AHeres a story about Mings on the waters. Ming has lived all his life on a wide r 1 in china. His home is a large house-boat with a roof, one of hundreds that move up and down. In about six years he has not once been on l 2 ,but he is never lonely. He is a strong swimmer. In fact（实际上）,he could swim before he could walk. When he wants to play with his f 3 ,he just swims across to their boats or asks them to v 4 him.Mings father is a fisherman, but he never u 5 a line or a net（网）. Great black birds called cormorants(鸬鹚) do the fishing for him. Rings（圈）have been put around the birds n 6 so that they cannot eat the fish they catch. They have been taught to b 7 the fish to people. And then people reward（奖励）them with a fine big fish as soon sa their work is f 8 . Ming loves watching the cormorants, but better still he likes going s 9 with his mother. The shops, of course, are boats very like his o 10 .1. r 2. l 3. f 4. v 5. u 6. n 7. b 8. f 9. s 10. o BCan animals be made to work for people? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained（训练）to do a number of simple jobs i 1 of people. They say that at a circus（杂技场）,for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing q 2 skillful（熟练的）things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may find that the trainer（驯兽员）always g 3 the animal some sugar o 4 a piece of fruit as a reward（报酬）. The scientists say that many d 5 animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know they will get a reward f 6 doing that.Of course, as we know, dogs can be trained to look after a house, and soldiers in both old and modern t 7 have u 8 geese to give warning（警报）by m 9 a lot of noise when an enemy comes near. And also it may be possible to train animals to work in families or f 10 .1. i 2. q 3. g 4. o 5. d 6. f 7. t 8. u 9. m 10. f CMr King taught English in a middle school. He was very b all the time and couldnt do some r . So he left the school and opened a book shop in the c of the town. It wasnt big enough but all the books were nice and most people liked to buy some there. When the shop was c , he could read at home. He knew a lot and the learned（有学问的）person were glad to make f with him.It was Sunday and it was cold outside. Mr King was very busy. At nine in the evening all the buyers left e a girl. She was dressed up and waited for s there. Standing by the shelves, she looked over the books one after a . It made them in a fearful mess（凌乱不堪）. Mr King came up to her and asked, “Excuse me, madam. What can I do for you?” “Your books are all dull（乏味的）,” said the girl, “I want a d one.” “Thats easy,” Mr King smiled. He t out a cookbook（烹调书）and said, “Here you are, madam.”DRoy Trenton drove a taxi before. A short while ago, however, he b a bus-driver and he feels no sorry about it. He is finding his new work far more i .When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves r out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag f of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one w the money got so afraid that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get a in their car, Roy drove his bus into the b of it. While the car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and t the police. The thieves car was badly damaged（损坏）and e to recognize（辨认）. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were c .二 完型填空。A“Ring ring” the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to 1 the call. It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home?” she asked surprisingly.Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m.“Oh, my goodness! Theres an important 3 today,” Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into the bag.He then went to the bus stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing.“Why are you so 9 ?” asked the teacher . “Im sorry, sir,” Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . “It was my clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .” “Dont say anything about it,” his teacher 12 him. “Dont try to come late next time!”Sam said yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, “What a 15 day it has been for me!”1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer2. A. why B. how C. when D. where3. A. talk B. party C. exam D. meeting4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door7. A. carefully B. quietly C. early D. fast8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready10. A. down B. up C. out D. back11. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher14. A. think B. sit C. turn D. speak15. A. short B. bad C. happy D. usualBMr. Lee had never been up in an airplane before and he had read a lot about accidents. SO one day when a friend came to his house and 1. _ to take him for a ride in his own small plane , Mr. Lee was very 2._.He thought to himself , If I dont agree ,my friend may not be happy.3_ if I agree ,Im really afraid that there might he some danger. 4._,however , his friend made him believe that it was very 5. _,and Mr. Lee got on the plane .His friend 6._ the engine and the plane began to move along on the ground of the 7. _. Mr. Lee was frightened and closed his eyes. After a minute or two he opened them 8._, looked out of the window of the plane and said to his friend. Look 9_those people down over there .They look as 10_as ants, dont they?Those are ants ,answered his friend, we are still on the ground.( )1. A. offered B. allowed C. agreed D. afford( )2. A. excited B. grateful C. worried D. glad( )3. A. As B. For C. So D. But( )4. A. Finally B. First C. Last D. But( )5. A. interesting B. safe C. comfortable D. enjoyable( )6. A. began B. carried C. moved D. started( )7. A. airport B. town C. station D. yard ( )8. A. again B. once C. quickly D. easily( )9. A. up B. at C. over D. after( )10. A. short B. big C. strange D. small CWhen you are invited to a meal in Thailand（泰国）,The words of the invitation means come and eat rice. In fact, nearly all the Thai dishes are 1._ with rice, which grows there easily, 2._ the climate（气候)is warm and there is much rain. The food that is served is 3._ cut into pieces, so there is no need to use knives or forks but, instead, special spoons and forks are used. The Thais 4._ to eat with their hands and now there are still some people who eat in this way. There is a special 5._ of doing it. First, they wash their 6._ hands in a bowl of water-they only eat with their right hands. They are careful not to let the food 7._ the palm（手掌心） of their hands. After the meal, the 8._ are again carefully washed. The meal usually has several different dishes. They are all hot. The dishes are served in bowl which everyone shares（共享）,9._ each person has their own bowl of 10._. As Thailand has a long coastline（海岸线）,it is not surprising that fish and shellfish（水生有壳动物） play an important part in Thai cooking. ( )1. A. eaten B. used C. smelled D. tasted ( )2. A. when B. if C. because D. so ( )3. A. never B. perhaps C. hardly. D. always ( )4. A. went B. had C. wanted D. used ( )5. A. reason B. way C. idea D. result ( )6. A. dirty B. right C. left D. big ( )7. A.touch. B. catch C. feel D. drop ( )8. A. forks B. spoons C. hands D. bowls ( )9. A. because B. though C. since D. until ( )10. A. fish B. rice C. water D. shellfishDMuch meaning can be carried clearly, with our eyes, so it is often 1._ that eyes can speak.Do you have such kind of 2._ ? In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not too long. And if he 3._ that he is being looked at, he may feel uncomfortable. The same in daily life. If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down, to see if there is 4._ wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel 5._ toward the person who is looking at you that way. Eyes do speak, right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be impolite. But sometimes things are different. If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds ,it may mean that he wishes to attract（吸引）her attention, to make her understand that he 6._ her. When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, 7._ make sure that the listener does pay attention 8._ what he or she is speaking. Lovers will enjoy looking at each other or being looked at for a long time, to show something that 9._ cannot express.Clearly, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the place 10._ you stay.1. A. spokenB. saidC. toldD. talked2. A. experience B. eyes C. mind D. news3. A. found B. knew C. finds D. saw4. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing5. A. happy B. angry C. sad D. thankful6. A. loves B. hates C. thanks D. looks at7. A. in order thatB. so that C. in order to D. for8. A. for B. of C. with D. to9. A. eyes B. words C. minds D. body10. A. which B. that C. where D. there