高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧ppt.ppt

阅读体裁阅读体裁 经过多年的发展与创新，高考英经过多年的发展与创新，高考英语阅读理解的选材特点、命题特点以及语阅读理解的选材特点、命题特点以及语篇的词数都相对稳定。阅读理解文章语篇的词数都相对稳定。阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文章，即章，即in English,about English(cultures，countries，etc.)。材料涉及内容广，选材方面突出环保、材料涉及内容广，选材方面突出环保、人物传记、社会风俗、大众科普、广告、人物传记、社会风俗、大众科普、广告、文学作品、时文报道等。（历届高考体文学作品、时文报道等。（历届高考体裁）裁）题题型型及及解解题题技技巧巧考向一事实认定类考向一事实认定类1特殊疑问句形式。以特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。等疑问词开头引出的问题。2判断是非的形式。含有判断是非的形式。含有true/false，not true/false或或except等的判断是非的等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如如not，never等。等。3以以“according to.”开头的提问形式。开头的提问形式。4填空形式。填空形式。常见问题形式有：常见问题形式有：1.According to the passage,who/what/1.According to the passage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/how which/when/Where/why/how/how many/how much/how long/How soon/many/how much/how long/How soon/how often,etc.?how often,etc.?2.According to the passage,which of the 2.According to the passage,which of the following is true/not true?following is true/not true?3.According to the passage,Which of the 3.According to the passage,Which of the following is not mentioned?following is not mentioned?4.All of the following are true EXCEPT _.4.All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5.In the passage the writer states that _.5.In the passage the writer states that _.6.Choose the best order in which the people 6.Choose the best order in which the people do_.do_.7.Which of the following is true/false except?8.Which of the following is mentioned exceptHoover Dam lies _.A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and BSample 1This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It ispossible to drive a car from one side of theriver to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona andNevada.Hoover Dam lies _.A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and BSample 1Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.movedMiss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.takenAccording to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions(散发散发)in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.connecttoAccording to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions(散发散发)in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levelsLaupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were realLaupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol,an international agreementcalling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions,which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement,the US haseffectively taken away the freedom of futuregenerations of Tuvaluan to live there,”Laupepa told the BBC.Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)?Jack Londons last days were _.A.usual ones B.not poor ones C.rich ones D.unhappy onesJack London was a famous American writer.He burned himself out when he was 40.He thought of his mother,Flora,who had never been a very responsible person.He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her.At last he became too tired to care.He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have.He would not change his life,or his writing,perhaps he could not.Jack Londons last days were _.A.usual ones B.not poor ones C.rich ones D.unhappy ones考向二数字计算类考向二数字计算类 数字计算题可涉及年代、人物年龄、数字计算题可涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等方面的数字计算。需付钱数等方面的数字计算。You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A.$5,250 B.$8,000 C.$9,000 D.$11,000Tuition Fees(学费学费)Tuition fees are different from department to department,generally from$5,000 to$6,000 a year.For further information:tui waikatoacnz.Accommodation(住宿住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat,which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.For further information:acc waikatoacnz$5000(学费学费)+$100(住宿费住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费生活费)x12=$8000You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A.$5,250 B.$8,000 C.$9,000 D.$11,000考向三顺序排列类考向三顺序排列类 排列顺序类细节理解题的考查形排列顺序类细节理解题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事实进行排序。实进行排序。Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?a.Start the system.b.Make a shopping list.c.Find the things you want.d.Go to a self-checkout stand.A.abdc B.bacd C.acbd D.bcadPeople can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store,a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系统系统)that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks,you type in the word or pick it from a list,and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?a.Start the system.b.Make a shopping list.c.Find the things you want.d.Go to a self-checkout stand.A.abdc B.bacd C.acbd D.bcad主旨大意主旨大意主旨大意主旨大意 考查考生考查考生如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，可利用文中主要信息来把握做此类题目时，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。1.The best title/headline for this passage might be_.2.The text(passage)could be entitled .3.What is the best title for the passage?4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?题题 干干 表表 现现 形形 式式1.This passage chiefly deals with_.2.Whats the topic of the article?3.What is the subject discussed in the text?4.With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_.The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _主题句呈现的形式主题句呈现的形式 A.文首文首提出主题提出主题,随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想题思想.最常见的演绎法写作最常见的演绎法写作 方式。方式。sample 1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?The panda is a popular animal.Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts.Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children,and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising,so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this,human life on earth will not survive.B.文尾文尾 在表述细节后在表述细节后,归纳要点归纳要点,印象印象,结结论建议或结果论建议或结果,以以概括主题概括主题.这是英这是英语中最常见的归语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。纳法写作方式。sample 4 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearancesample 5Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.通常前面只提出问通常前面只提出问题，题，文中的主题由文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出文中导出,而后又作而后又作进一步的解释进一步的解释,支撑支撑或发展。或发展。sample 6 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hu-rry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.This sales method is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buying A TV Set B.A Selling Method C.Buyer Beware D.TV On Sale(detail)(detail)(detail)sample 7Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.即主题句隐含在全文中即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主没有明确的主题句题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。sample 8 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetailTypes Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicInformation wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso,therefore,特别注意：特别注意：文章中的文章中的but,however,as a result,therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而的方向词。而for example,first,or to begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在它等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Example and success of the programHow to get the main idea of a passage?Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Example and success of the program59.What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Childrens reading difficulties.B.Advantages of raising dogs.C.Service in a public library.D.A special reading program.d e t a i l sParagrap