高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧.ppt

1.题题型型及及解解题题技技巧巧2.123456主旨大意主旨大意细节理解细节理解观点态度观点态度篇章结构篇章结构推理判断推理判断猜测词义猜测词义阅读技巧阅读技巧3.4.本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节某一特定细节或文章的或文章的主要事实主要事实的理解能的理解能力。问题包括询问人力。问题包括询问人(who)、物、物(what)、时间时间(when)、地点、地点(where)、原因、原因(cause)、结果结果(effect)、文中的数据、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。常见问题形式有：常见问题形式有：Which of the following is true/false except?Which of the following is mentioned except5.1.According to the passage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/how many/how much/how long/How soon/how often,etc.?2.According to the passage,which of the following is true/not true?3.According to the passage,Which of the following is not mentioned?4.All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5.In the passage the writer states that _.6.Choose the best order in which the people do_.6.2.定义；定义；3.比较；比较；.年代与数字年代与数字5.原因和结果原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。Sample IHoover Dam lies _.A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B7.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It ispossible to drive a car from one side of theriver to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona andNevada.8.2.定义；定义；3.比较；比较；.年代与数字年代与数字5.原因和结果原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。Hoover Dam lies _.A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and BSample I9.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.10.Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.11.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.moved12.Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.taken13.According to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions(散发散发)in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels14.reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.connectto15.According to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions(散发散发)in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels16.Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real17.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol,an international agreementcalling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions,which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement,the US haseffectively taken away the freedom of futuregenerations of Tuvaluan to live there,”Laupepa told the BBC.18.Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)?19.Jack Londons last days were _.A.usual ones B.not poor ones C.rich ones D.unhappy ones20.Jack London was a famous American writer.He burned himself out when he was 40.He thought of his mother,Flora,who had never been a very responsible person.He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her.At last he became too tired to care.He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have.He would not change his life,or his writing,perhaps he could not.21.Jack Londons last days were _.A.usual ones B.not poor ones C.rich ones D.unhappy ones22.You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A.$5,250 B.$8,000 C.$9,000 D.$11,00023.Tuition Fees(学费学费)Tuition fees are different from department to department,generally from$5,000 to$6,000 a year.For further information:tui waikatoacnz.Accommodation(住宿住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat,which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.For further information:acc waikatoacnz24.$5000(学费学费)+$100(住宿费住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费生活费)x12=$8000You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A.$5,250 B.$8,000 C.$9,000 D.$11,00025.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?a.Start the system.b.Make a shopping list.c.Find the things you want.d.Go to a self-checkout stand.A.abdc B.bacd C.acbd D.bcad26.People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store,a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系统系统)that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks,you type in the word or pick it from a list,and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.27.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?a.Start the system.b.Make a shopping list.c.Find the things you want.d.Go to a self-checkout stand.A.abdc B.bacd C.acbd D.bcad28.29.Question Form(1)The word“”in Line means/can be best replaced by(2)As used in the passage,the phrase “”suggests(3)From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “”is/refers to(4)The word“”is closest in meaning to 30.根据解释确定词义根据解释确定词义技巧技巧 11.Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.2.The other questioned the veracity-the truthfulness of these reports.31.3.He is a resolute man,once he sets up a goal,he will not give it up easily.4.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.32.根据对比确定词义根据对比确定词义技巧技巧 2In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.33.根据逻辑确定词义根据逻辑确定词义技巧技巧 3If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest,and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired,then you are indefatigable.不知疲倦的不知疲倦的34.根据上下文情景确定词义根据上下文情景确定词义技巧技巧 4The underlined phrase“mopping up”in the second paragraph means_.A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out35.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year:equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.36.根据上下文情景确定词义根据上下文情景确定词义技巧技巧 4The underlined phrase“mopping up”in the second paragraph means_.A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out37.1.The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations Dmates2.There is a stack of papers on Mr.Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture DpileTry to do the following exercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义38.3.Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example,if it is cheap,it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the size is Dhow big it is4.Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house39.5.Before a baby learns to walk,it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet Bfly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees6.Mr.Brown is an amateur photographerHe is an engineerBut in his free time he likes to take pictures A.as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work40.7.This small Christmas tree is made of plasticIt is not a real treeIt is artificial A.beautiful B.not natural C.for a special holiday Din an art museum 8.whales and elephants are gigantic animalsNo other animals can compare with them in size A.small Bland Csea Dhuge41.9.The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world.The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly A a kind of fish Ba kind of cat C.a kind of rock Da kind of bird10.Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of woodThey sell their carvings to stores and museums Adraw Bbeat Cheat Dcut42.11.Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good healthThe child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortableA healthy child gets well quickly Aa kind of animal Ba kind of food Ca kind of childhood disease Da lack of pure water43.12.Ali showed the class a picture of him,his wife，and their babyPierres family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred yearsTheir ancestors came from France A.family members from a long time ago B.grandparents and their grandchildren C.parents,grandparents and great-grandparents Dfamily members all living at the same time44.45.1.不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。同义词解释的选项。2.不选事实细节选项不选事实细节选项3.不选非事实选项不选非事实选项4.选概括性选概括性/哲理性的选项哲理性的选项46.常见问题形式常见问题形式:1.It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _2.The passage suggests/implies that _3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph,the author means _4.We can conclude that_.5.When the writer talks about.,what he really means is that_.6.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?47.1.The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with her C.she was beautiful D.it strange for her to fall in love with him2.The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A.she lived near his house B.he often went to visit her mother C.she wanted to be friendly with him D.she loved him very much 48.When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day,I was very happy.She was at least fifteen years younger than I.One day she signed me to come near.When I walked over,she asked,”Are you single?“Why,yes.I answered,smiling at her happily.“So is my mother.she said,“Would you like to meet her?49.1.The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with her C.she was beautiful D.it strange for her to fall in love with him2.The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A.she lived near his house B.he often went to visit her mother C.she wanted to be friendly with him D.she loved him very much 50.1.Why do people put hot metal in water?A.To make it hard.B.To make it soft.C.To make it cool.D.To make it brittle.2.In annealing,the required hardness of metal depends on _.A.the quantity of water used B.the temperature of the metal C.the softness of the metal D.the timing of the operation51.3.As suggested by the text,how can glass be made less brittle?A.It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B.It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C.It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D.It can be cooled and then heated quickly.52.Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly,for example by dipping(浸浸)it in water,it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily.It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished,by annealing53.it.The metal is heated,and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time.The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly,the softer it becomes.Annealing can also be used on other material,such as glass.54.1.Why do people put hot metal in water?A.To make it hard.B.To make it soft.C.To make it cool.D.To make it brittle.2.In annealing,the required hardness of metal depends on _.A.the quantity of water used B.the temperature of the metal C.the softness of the metal D.the timing of the operation55.3.As suggested by the text,how can glass be made less brittle?A.It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B.It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C.It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D.It can be cooled and then heated quickly.56.观点和态度观点和态度57.理解作者的观点和态度题：理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者也考查学生对作者写作目的、写作目的、态度、观点态度、观点等的理解。等的理解。正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。对象的态度。-假如你是作者，你为假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？什么要写本文？58.此类考题的主要形式：此类考题的主要形式：1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _.2.The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that _.59.辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。注意：注意：贬义：贬义：disgust,critical,negative,tolerant,disappointment褒义褒义:positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring中立中立:indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,disinterested,60.The author appears _modern advertising.A.to like B.to be indifferent to C.to dislike D.to know how to deal withe.g.61.One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is,of course,the voice of the advertisers.It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers;waves to us from every page of the newspaper;signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night.(根据文章作者用词来判断根据文章作者用词来判断)62.The author appears _modern advertising.A.to like B.to be indifferent to C.to dislike D.to know how to deal withe.g.63.The writer uses the example of“ocelots”to show that_.A.wild animals have become more dangerous B.the driving conditions have improved greatly C.the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D.an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.64.Millions of animals die each year on U.S.roads,the Federal Highway Administration reports.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S