形容词比较及最高级.doc

形容词比较级
(一)一般句式的构成：
        A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B A 是主格 B 是宾格
　　如：She is taller than me.   [She is the tallest of the three girls. ]
He is older than me. The boy runs faster than the girl.
This lesson is more difficult than Lesson Five. The story is more interesting than that one.
She looks younger than his sister.
（二）英语形容词比较级的构成
　　英语形容词比较等级有三个：  原级，比较级和最高级。
形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。
　规则变化
　　1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）
  原级         比较级       最高级
　　great      greater      greatest small     smaller      smallest
　　clean     cleaner      cleanest big         bigger biggest
high      higher highest    tall        taller tallest
        new      newer newest   cheap  cheaper cheapest
        light    lighter lightest   bright  brighter  brightest
       heavy   heavier heaviest clever  cleverer cleverest
       fast       faster      fastest      cold     colder         coldest
       clever        cleverer      cleverest
　　narrow     narrower    narrowest
　　2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级）
　　  fine           finer      finest 　wide         wider     widest 
     　3）闭音节,单音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）  big    bigger      biggest 　hot    hotter      hottest
　　red    redder     reddest    wet    wetter     wettest
      　4）少数以-y，-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）。
  以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。
　　【例】funny         funnier      funniest    easy            easier          easiest
        heavy         heavier       heaviest    shy              shier            shiest
        angry         angrier       angriest   friendly friendlier friendliest
       5）其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
careful     more careful      most careful difficult   more difficult    most difficult
delicious more delicious  most delicious interesting more interesting   most interesting
expensive   more expensive     most expensive dangerous more dangerous   most dangerous
 6) 　　不规则变化
　　原级    比较级  最高级
　　good   better   best   well     better   best
　　bad      worse     worst badly   worse     worst
       ill          worse     worst
She  is better than the boy at  playing chess.
　　many    more     most      much    more     most
　　 little       less       least few         fewer   fewest

　　far      farther / further     farthest / furthest
They look _____ than the poor girls, because they all dressed well [badly].  他们的穿着都不错[不好]。
         A.better  B. good
I slept very badly last night.  昨天夜里我睡得注：
      有些形容词一般没有比较等级。
如： right, wrong, woolen, favourite 等。
　    形容词的比较等级的用法：
           比较级用于二者的比较。
　　【例】
Li Ping is older than Wang Hai. 李平比王海年纪大。
There are more students in Class A than in Class B.一班比二班学生多。
He has more money than me.
二、形容词各等级的用法：
　　1、 原级（同级）比较：
      as…[adj/adv]  as…;    not as (so)…....as…
 He writes as well as I.  She looks as  beautiful  as her sister.
 They were as careful as the boys. They did their homework as carefully as the girls.
 We’ll give you as much help as we can. She isn’t as(so)active in sports as before.
　　2. 比较级：表示两者之间比…… 更……可用状语much, a little, even等修饰：

  He  is even/much stronger than his elder brother.  This room is much brighter than ours.
 This flower is much more beautiful than that type/kind of roses. This country is even richer than Germany.
 He made fewer mistakes than I did. He is even richer than I.
 This room is more brighter than ours.× This flower is much more beautiful than that type of rose.√
 3、高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the，后面多用of……， in……短语表示范围：
It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened.
He is the tallest of the three.
4、如果在两者之间表示“最……”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：
John is the cleverer of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the cleverer.
三、重点与难点：
1、 as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。
as表示“像……一样”，引导比较状语从句，对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较，说明它们之间有相似之处，在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。例如：
He doesn't work as hard as I (do). 他不像我工作那样努力。
I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.我希望我挂项链同你借给我的一样好。
     用于as...as...或not so/ as...as...中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。如:
They helped the old man as often as possible.
I don't speak English so/ as well as he does.
 You’re a boy as good as Tom. =You’re as good a boy as Tom.
2、 (1)too…to与 so…that sb.can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：
　　The man was too angry to be able to speak.
　　The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.
　　The milk was too hot to drink.
　　The milk was so hot that we can’t drink it.
　　(2) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换：
　　He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.
　　The book is too difficult for me to read.=
　　The book is not easy enough for me to read.
　　3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义：
　　约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike.
　　John is less stupid than Mike.
　　John is cleverer than Mike.
　　4、 用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。
　　John is taller than any other boy in the class.
　　John is the tallest boy in the class.
　　John is taller than :any other boy.
　　any of the other boy.
　　all the other boy.
　　any of the others.
　　any one else.
　　5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:
　　The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
　　The more food you eat, the fatter you are.
　　6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”:
　　More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.
　　Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
　　Mid-Autumn Festival
　　Mid-Autumn Day
　　第二部分  形容词比较级和最高级

　　绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。
　　　　形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如: poor tall great glad bad
　　　　形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。
　　　　规则变化如下:
　1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
　great (原级)            (比较级)            (最高级)
　2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
　wide (原级)          (比较级)           (最高级)
　3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
　clever(原级)           (比较级)            (最高级)
　4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.
happy (原形)         (比较级)            (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
　big (原级)             (比较级)            (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级)?(比较级) (最高级)
 difficult (原级)  (比较级)
 (最高级) 　　　　
常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
　　　　原级------比较级------最高级 good------better------best
　　    many------more------most much------more------most
　　　　bad------worse------worst far----farther, further---farthest, furthest
　形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不"
important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要
　形容词比较级的用法:
　形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
　　　　主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
　　　　Our teacher is                 we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。
　　　　It is          today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。
　　　　This picture is                   than that one. 　这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
　　　　This meeting is                   than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。
　　　　The sun is                   than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。
　　　　形容词最高级的用法:
　　　　形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
　　　　主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
　　　　She is             student      her class. 　她是班上最好的学生。
　　　　Shanghai is one of                  cities      China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。
　　　　This is              apple I have ever met. 　这是我见到的最大的苹果。
　　　　Tom is              boy in his basketball team. 　汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。
　　英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级练习题
1. This box is___ that one.
　　A. heavy than    B. so heavy than     C. heavier as     D. as heavy as
2 When we speak to people, we should be ___ .
　　A. as polite as possible         B. as polite as possibly
　　C. as politely as possible      D. as politely as possibly
3 This book is___ that one, but____ than that one.
　A. as difficult as; expensive         B. as more difficult as; more expensive
　C. as difficult as; more expensive     D. more difficult as; as expensive
4 I think the story is not so ___ as that one.
A. interesting              B. interested   C. more interesting  D. most interesting
5 His father began to work____ he was seven years old.
A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while
6. I think science is _ than Japanese.
A. much important  B. important  C. much more important  D. more much important
7. This pencil is___ than that one.
A. longest    B. long    C. longer    D. as long
8. My mother is no ___ young.
A. shorter    B. longer    C. little     D. few
9. These children are ____ this year than they were last year.
    A. more tall      B. more taller      C. very taller    D. much taller
10. It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today.
　A. even hotter             B. more hotter　　 C. much more hot     D. much hot
11. Mrs Black has got____ instead of getting any better.
　A. more bad        B. a little worse      C. much badly    D. a lot of worse
12. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with___ students.
　　A. quite a few    B. only a few C. few                    D. a few quite
　　13.The house is small for a family of six.
　　A. much too     B. too much     C. very much     D.so
　　14.Through the window we can see nothing but ____ buildings.
　　A. tall very many    B. very many tall    C. very tall many    D. many very tall
　　15. -What's your brother like?
　　   -He is___. A. a driver    B. very tall    C. my friend    D. at school
　　16.The jacket was so___ that he decided to buy it. ,
　　A. much    B. little    C. expensive    D. cheap
　　17. Our classroom is____ larger than theirs.
　　A. more     B. quite    C. very     D. much
　　18. The earth is about____ as the moon.
　　A. as fifty time big    B. fifty times as big    C. as big fifty times    D. fifty as times big
　　19. Your room is       mine.
　　A. twice as large than    B. twice the size of　C. bigger twice than   D. as twice large as
　  20. Your room is ___ than mine.
　　A. three time big   B. three times big   C. three times bigger   D. bigger three times
　  21. His father is____than his mother. ;
　　A. older four years   B. as four years older   C. four years older   D. bigger four years
　　22. Maths is more popular than____.
　　A. any other subject   B. all the subjects   C. any subject    D. other subject
　　23. China is larger than ____ in Africa
　　A. any other country   B. other countries   C. the other country   D. any country
　　24. Tom is stronger than ___ in his class.
　　A. any other boy   B. any boys   C. any boy   D. other boy
　　25. When spring comes, it gets____.
　　A. warm and warm  B. colder and colder   C. warmer and warmer  D. shorter and shorter
26. By and by, ____ students in our class came to like English.
A. more and more   B. much and much   C. many and many   D. less and least
　　27. At last he began to cry ___.
A. hard and hard       B. more hard and more hard
C. harder and harder    D. less hard and less harder
　  28. When spring comes the days get ____ and nights ____.
　　A. short; long     B. long; short     C. longer; shorter     D. shorter; longer
　　29. ___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.
　　A. The best; the more    B. The more; the less　　C. The more; less   D. More; the more
30. ___ he read the book, ____ he got in it.
A. The more; the more interesting　　B. The less; the more interesting
C. The more; the more interested     D. More; more interested
31. ___ you come back, _____ it will be.
A.The quicker; the best   B.The sooner; the better   C. Faster; the better      D. The sooner; better
　　32. I like___ one of the two books.
　　A. the older    B. oldest    C. the oldest     D. older
　　33. Which is___country, China or Japan?
　　A. the large    B. the larger    C. larger     D. largest
　　34. Of the two cups, he bought       .
　　A. the smaller    B. the smallest    C. small     D: smaller
　　35. 1 Which do you like ___, tea or coffee?
　　A. well    B. better    C. best     D. most
　　36. This work is ____ for me than for you.
　　A. difficult     B. most difficult　　C. much difficult     D. more difficult
　　37.  Which do you think tastes ____, the chicken or the fish?
　　A. good    B. better    C. best    D. well
　　38. The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once   
　　A. higher    B. highest    C. high too    D. more high
　　39. Don't you think it ______ not to write the letter?
　　A. well     B. better     C. best      D. good
　　40. Who jumped____of all?
　　A. far    B. farther    C. farthest     D. the most far
　　41. Li Lei is___ student in our class.
　　A. tall    B. taller    C. tallest    D. the tallest
　　42. The fifth orange is____ of all. Give it to that small child.
　　A. big    B. bigger     C. the bigger     D. the biggest
　　43. Who is      of you three?
　　A. the oldest    B. much older    C. oldest    D. older
　　44. Tom is one of ____ boys in our class.
　　A. tallest    B. taller     C. the tallest     D. the tall
　　45. English is one of____ spoken in the world.
A. the important languages     B. the most important languages C. most important language     D. the most important language
　　46. Beijing is one of____ in China.
　　A. the largest city r    B. the large cities    C. the larger cities    D. the largest cities
　　47. Most of the woods ____ been taken good care of.
　　A. are    B. is     C. has     D. have
　　48. ___ like playing football and watching TV.
　　A. Most boys    B. Most of they    C. Most boy    D. More of they
　　49. ___ are here watering the flowers here.
　　A. Some    B. Some of the boys    C. Some boy    D. Some of boys
　　50. ___ haven't been to American.
　　A. Most them    B. Most they    C. More of them    D. Most of them
　　51. ___ is more beautiful than roses.
　　A. No other flower    B. No another flower   C. Not other flower    D. Not all flowers
　　52 The tree is ___ in the garden.
　　A. the taller     B. the tallest　　 C. taller than of-all    D. tall.
　　53. Mary studies harder      in her class.
　　A. as any one     B. than any other girl     C. than the other     D. than anyone
　　54. Which is___, Li Lei or Wu Tong?
　　A. strong    B. strongest     C. stronger     D. the strongest
55. Which language is____, English, French or Japanese?
 A. easy    B. the most easy     C. the easiest    D. much more easy
　　56.Which is____interesting, science, maths or English?
　　A. more    B. the most    C. very     D. too
57. Which city is____, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?
A. beaut