名词专题复习.ppt

专题一 名词考试要求：1 区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词用法。2 掌握不可数名词及其量的表达方式。3 熟练运用名词复数规则、不规则变化。4 熟练掌握名词所有格的用法。专有名词专有名词(人名、地名人名、地名)普通名词普通名词个体名词个体名词pen，doctor集体名词集体名词family、people物质名词物质名词coal、water 抽象名词抽象名词work、news不可数名词不可数名词可数名词可数名词名词 单复 专有名词(Proper Nouns):表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称。、表示某一特定的人、月份、周、表示某一特定的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。等。、表示独一无二的事物。、表示独一无二的事物。、前面一般不加冠词。、前面一般不加冠词。、首字母要大写。、首字母要大写。表示日子的专有名词表示日子的专有名词表示日子的专有名词表示日子的专有名词表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词December 十二月十二月Spring Festival 春节春节Teachers Day 教师节教师节Asia 亚洲亚洲China 中国中国Beijing 北京北京表示人的专有名词表示人的专有名词表示人的专有名词表示人的专有名词表示机构的专有名词表示机构的专有名词表示机构的专有名词表示机构的专有名词Yao Ming 姚明姚明Newton 牛顿牛顿Beckham 贝克汉姆贝克汉姆the United Nations 联合国联合国Tsinghua University 清华大学清华大学一）可数名词单数的表达一）可数名词单数的表达:一般可用一般可用a，an，one来修饰来修饰注注：a用于用于辅音音素开头的单词前辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a useful book *an English book 名词的数名词的数flowerflowers找规律找规律,总结规则总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf-leavesbox es情况情况加法加法例词例词一般情况一般情况以以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词结尾的词以辅音以辅音y结尾的词结尾的词以辅音以辅音+o 结尾的词结尾的词以以f或或fe结尾的词结尾的词加加-s加加-es去去y加加-ies多数加多数加-es 把把f/fe改成改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishesLadies;countries;Heroes;tomatoesHalves;leaves;二）可数名词复数的规则变法：二）可数名词复数的规则变法：1.一般情况下在词尾加S.词尾读音词尾读音shop-shops(商店)在清辅音后读sbag-bags(书包)在浊辅音后读zwindow-windows(窗户)在元音后读z2.以以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的单词在词尾加结尾的单词在词尾加 esclass-classes(班级)词尾读音izbox-boxes(盒子)match-matches(比赛)brush-brushes(刷子)3.以以“辅音辅音+y”结尾的词，结尾的词，变变y为为 i 加加es.story-stories(故事)词尾读音iz4.以以“元音字母元音字母+Y”结尾的词，在结尾的词，在词尾直接加词尾直接加 Skey-keys词尾读音zmonkey-monkeys5.以以“o”结尾的名词，结尾的名词，复数一般复数一般在词尾加在词尾加“s”,但个别加但个别加“es”tomato-tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音zpotato-potatoes(土豆)zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片)*（以（以“o”结尾，复数加结尾，复数加“es”）口诀）口诀：黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)6.以以 f或或 fe 结尾的词，多数变结尾的词，多数变f或或 fe 为为 ves.leaf-leaves(树叶)词尾读音vzknife-knives(小刀)*（以（以f或或fe结尾的单词，需把结尾的单词，需把f或或fe 变变ves的单词）口的单词）口诀：诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（self）命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光注：注：有些以有些以f 结尾的名词变为复数时后结尾的名词变为复数时后面直接加面直接加s.海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。gulf海湾roof屋顶chief首领serf农奴belief信仰proof证据handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕7.不规则名词复数的变化不规则名词复数的变化man-men(男人)woman-women(女人)tooth-teeth(牙齿)foot-feet(脚)goose-geese(鹅)child-children(儿童)mouse-mice(老鼠)louse-lice（虱子）Fish deer sheep*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙oo变ee；虱子老鼠也好记，ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。8.单复数相同的情况：单复数相同的情况：sheep;deer;fish;works;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu 只有复数形式的情况：只有复数形式的情况：trousers,glasses,shoes,gloves a pair of9.以an结尾或其他表示民族、国家的人 的名词变复数时在词尾加s。如：Australians，Italians，Germans等。注：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变英（Englishman-Englishmen）法(Frenchman-Frenchmen)变，其余s加后面10.复合名词的复数形式：复合名词的复数形式：1.词末词末+-s:apple trees/boy students /girl players 2.主体名词变为复数形式：主体名词变为复数形式：editors-in-chief3.当名词和当名词和man,woman连用时，两个部分都变，连用时，两个部分都变，women doctors;men cooks 这种形式的第一个名词必须是这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或或woman不可数名词的计量法 1.以以“容容器器”计计量量,常常用用于于装装在在容容器的物质器的物质a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡一杯咖啡three bowls of water 三碗水三碗水a bottle of ink一瓶墨水一瓶墨水two bags of rice 两袋大米两袋大米a box of biscuit 一盒饼干一盒饼干不可数名词的计量法2.以以“与与物物体体形形状状有有关关的的名名词词”计计量量,常用于固体物质常用于固体物质a loaf/piece of bread 一块面包一块面包a slice/piece of cake 一块蛋糕一块蛋糕a piece of coal 一块煤一块煤a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力一块巧克力不可数名词的计量法 3.以以“重量单位重量单位”计量计量a ton of water 一吨水一吨水two kilos of rice 两公斤大米两公斤大米three pounds of milk 三磅牛奶三磅牛奶不可数名词的计量法 4.用用“piece/item”计计量量,常常用用于于与与媒媒介物介物,宣传工具等有关的内容。宣传工具等有关的内容。a piece/an item of news 一条新闻一条新闻a piece of advice 一条意见一条意见a piece/an item of information 一份情报一份情报a piece of work 一件工作一件工作（福州）-Im thirsty.May I have something to drink?-OK.Heres some _.A.rice B.bread C.water(宁波)-Excuse me,where can I exchange _?-There is a bank on the second floor.A.books B.food C.money D.stamps Would you please pass me something to drink?What about some _?A.beefB.fish C.juice D.bread【2012广西玉林】36.What is your favorite food?I like _ best.I had a large bowl last night.A.potato noodle B.potatoes noodles B.C.potato noodles D.potatoes noodles【2012贵州贵阳】34.“What do we need for the salad?”“We need two apples and three _.”A.orange B.tomatoes C.broccoli17.How many _ do we need to make fruit salad?Two should be enough.A.cabbage B.potatoes C bananas D.lemonThe little baby has two _ already.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teethsThese _ have saved many childrens lives.A.woman doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctor 该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。-Its dangerous here.Wed better go out quickly.-But I think we should let _ go out first.A.woman and children B.women and childC.woman and child D.women and childrenAre they going to have a picnic on _?A.Childrens Day B.Childrenss Day C.Childrens Day D.Children DayCould you please get me some _?Im hungry.A.apple B.water C.bread D.egg-You look so healthy.-Yeah,I like eating apples.An apple a day keeps the _ away.A.teacher B.worker C.farmer D.doctorThe_ has two _.A.boys;watches B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watch 根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the .(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of .(glass)5.Please give them their .(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)1.7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some .(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucysMikes _ and _ are on the bed（）Ashort；trouser Bshort；trousersCshorts；trousers（2018新疆）Hurry up!Some _ and _ are on sale in the supermarket.（）Atomato；egg Btomatoes；eggCTomatoes；eggs Dtomato；eggs（2018凉山州）Many foreigners came to our school last week，including three _ and four _ （）AGerman，American BGermans AmericanCGermans Americans DGerman，Americans（2014?黔东南州）Look!There are some on the farm（）Achicken Bgoose Csheep Dcow 看例题识所有格 1.Beijing is the capital of China.Beijing is Chinas capital.2.This is Mary and her sisters bedroom.Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.3.These are Toms and Lilys bags.4.She is the two boys mother.5.the door of the room the leaves of the tree 6.the girls name=the name of the girl7.He is a friend of my brothers.的Womens Day（表示所属关系（表示所属关系,意为意为“的的”）名词所有格名词所有格+sof双重所有格双重所有格名词所有格的构成法名词所有格的构成法1.主要是在词尾加s构成。如:ThisisTomsdesk.这是汤姆的书桌。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s,则仅加一个.如:theteachersreadingroom教师阅览室3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上s。如：thechildrenspalace少年宫*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，某物是谁的构成有方法,s前面加一撇复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇属格属格形式形式应用场合应用场合举例举例用在表示有生命的名词后用在表示有生命的名词后Tom and Mikes room(两人共有两人共有)Toms and Mikes rooms(两人分两人分别所有别所有)用在时间名词后用在时间名词后todays papers属格属格用在距离用在距离,长度名词后长度名词后twenty miles journey用在地点名词后用在地点名词后Chinas industry用在天体名词后用在天体名词后the earths surface用在价格名词后用在价格名词后a dollars worthof属格属格用在表无生命事物名词后用在表无生命事物名词后the door of our classroom双重双重属格属格名词前有名词前有a,some,any,few,no,several等词修饰时等词修饰时a friend of my brothers several classmates of hisThis is _ bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much.A.Anne and Jane B.Annes and Janes C.Annes and Jane D.Anne and JanesOur school is only_ walk from here.A.five-minute B.five minutes C.five minutes D-five minutesMy skirt is on the chair.A.sisters B.sister C.sisters D.sisters6.Whose shirt is this?Its _(广东省历年中考题广东省历年中考题)A.Wang Weis B.Wang Wei C.of Wang Wei7.Wheres Mr Wang?He has gone to the _.A.doctor B.doctors C.doctors8.There is little _ in the fridge.A.bread B.noodle C.dumpling D.vegetable9.Help yourself to _.Thanks.It tastes good.A.some chickens B.a chicken C.some chicken10.Would you like some tea?No,I had two _.A.bottle of orange B.bottles of oranges C.bottles of orange D.bottle of oranges11.Uncle Wang bought two _ yesterday A.watches B.watchs C.watch A B A C C A12.How many _ are there in the world?A.country B.countries C.countrys13.My sister likes eating _ A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes14.We took many _ when were travelling A.photos B.photoes C.photo15.When autumn comes,_ of trees turn yellow A.leaf B.leaves C.leafs D.leave16.We brush our _ every day.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths17.There are _ in our shop.A.woman workers B.women worker C.women workers D.girls workers B C A B C C18._mothers made them have piano lessons A.Peter and Anne B.Peters and Annes C.Peter and Annes D.Peters and Anne 19.Do you know the woman?She is _aunt.A.Lily an Lucy B.Lilys an Lucys C.Lily an Lucys D.Lilys an Lucy 20.There _ some good news in todays newspaper A.were B.are C.is D.have21.There _ two pictures and a map of China A.have B.has C.are D.is22.Either Liming or I _ to help Mary.A.likes B.am going C.is going D.going23.Neither you nor your brother _ been to Beijing A.have B.has C.is D.are B C C C B BSum upWhat have you learnt this lesson?Thank you!