白-内-障-病-人-护-理.ppt

白 内 障 病 人 护 理 (Nursing for Cataract Patients)5/22/20241.晶状体在眼球内的位置 (Position of Lens in the Eye)5/22/20242.5/22/20243.EggPullet 5/22/20244.Egg WhiteEggYolk5/22/20245.EggShell5/22/20246.5/22/20247.晶状体的特性 (Properties of Lens)1.Transparent(透明的)Body2.Protein pruti:n 3.Convex knveks（Degree：1000-1200）5/22/20248.Definition：广广义义上上讲讲，任何因素，任何因素导导致晶体致晶体(lens)出出现浑浊现浑浊(turbidness)t:bidnis 都都可称可称为为(cataract)Disease Description 5/22/20249.白内障国情 (National Conditions）1.6000 万(sixty million)白内障患者 2.100万(one million)白内障患者应施行手术 3.每年新增患者40万(four hundred thousand)4.人口老龄化，患者逐年增加，白内障治疗、护理任务项繁重(A burdensome task)5/22/202410.白内障临床分类 (Classification of Clinic)5/22/202411.一：Senile Cataract si:nail 年龄相关性白内障(age-related cataract）5/22/202412.二：Traumatic Cataract tr:mtik 外伤性白内障:眼球穿孔伤、钝挫伤5/22/202413.三：Metabolic Cataract ,metblik 代谢性白内障：糖尿病，甲状腺疾病 5/22/202414.四：Congenital Cataract kndenitl 先天性白内障 5/22/202415.五：Medicamentous Cataract 药物性中毒性白内障：长期使用“类固醇”药物 六：Radiated Cataract reidieitid 辐射性白内障：因放射线所致5/22/202416.老年性白内障老年性白内障 Senile Cataract5/22/202417.1.年龄增长，晶状体逐渐混浊，即为老年性白内障。一般起于4045以后2.主要病因:氧化损害(Oxidative Damage)ksideitiv 3.临床表现:眼前阴影和渐进性、无痛性视力减退(Visual Deterioration)di,tirirein 5/22/202418.Nursing Assessment(一)Health History 1.年龄(Age)2.外伤(Trauma)3.营养(Nutrition)4.遗传(Heredity)hirediti 5.代谢(Metabolize)mtblaiz 6.全身病(General Disease)5/22/202419.身体状况 (Physical Condition)1.症状(Symptom)渐进性视力下降(Gradual Visual Deterioration）di,tirirein 5/22/202420.Clinical Stages 一期(Initial Stage)1、无视力下降（对视力无影响）2、皮质内出现空泡，水裂和板层分离，从周边逐渐向中央扩大，呈“羽毛状”或 楔形浑浊3、此期发展缓慢，可经数年5/22/202421.5/22/202422.二期：膨胀期(Dilatational Stage)1.视力下降 2.晶体呈不均匀浑浊 3.晶体体积变大，将虹膜向前推移 4.前房变浅 5.诱发急性闭角型青光眼 AACG:（Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma)5/22/202423.5/22/202424.三期：成熟期(Maturity Stage)mtjuriti 1.视力下降至眼前手动/光感 2.晶体灰白色均匀浑浊 3.虹膜投影消失 4.眼底不能窥入5/22/202425.5/22/202426.四期：过熟期(Overripe Stage)uvraip 1.视力突然提高(晶体皮质液化外溢 核下沉）2.前房加深 3.虹膜震颤 4.浑浊晶体纤维分解液化，呈乳白色 5.棕黄色晶体核下沉于囊袋下方 6.诱发晶体溶解性青光眼5/22/202427.5/22/202428.Physical Sign 白瞳症(White Pupil)是最明显的体征5/22/202429.Nursing Diagnosis 1.感知改变(Perceptual Alteration)2.自理缺陷(Self Care Deficit)3.受伤危险(Risk for Injury)4.知识缺乏(Knowledge Deficit)5.潜在并发症(Potential Complications)5/22/202430.Nursing Goals 1.病人视力提高 2.自理恢复 3.避免受伤 4.熟悉相关知识 5.避免并发症5/22/202431.Nursing Interventions 一般护理(Ordinary Providence)1.病房介绍(Ward Introduction)2.饮食指导(Diet Guidance)5/22/202432.治疗配合 (Therapeutic Alliance)erpju:tik lains 一：Nursing of Drug (1)维生素类 VitC,VitB2 (2)滴眼液:白内停,谷胱甘肽,卡他灵 二：Surgical Care 5/22/202433.5/22/202434.Preoperative Care1.抗生素(Antibiotic),ntibaitik眼液 术前3天2.镇静剂3.冲洗结膜囊4.冲洗泪道5.降眼压Intraocular Pressure ,intrkjul 6.散瞳孔5/22/202435.5/22/202436.5/22/202437.5/22/202438.5/22/202439.Postoperative Care一：“四位”一体(Four Positions)1.体位(Body)2.头位(Head)3.口位(Mouth)4.手位(Hand)二：预防感染(Infection Prevention)氧氟沙星滴眼液三：定期复查(Regularl Countercheck)one week,one month，six months 5/22/202440.Health Education1.Cause of Cataract2.Symptoms of Cataract3.Diagnosis of Cataract4.Theropy and Nursing Knowledge 5.Prevention of Cataract5/22/202441.Thanks a Lot!5/22/202442.