As引导各种从句归纳.doc

As引导的从句一、As引导让步状语从句 为了帮助同学们全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法，本文将这类语法现象归纳为以下五种句型：1、名词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 King as he was，he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。Child as he is，he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子，却知道帮助别人。【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较：Boy as though he is， he likes to play with girls.=Though he is a boy，he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。Strong man as though he is，General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though he is a strong man， General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。2、形容词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词Successful as he is，he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。Improbable as it seems，its true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。3、副词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词Much as I like Paris，I couldnt live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。Hard though they tried，they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。Fast as you read， you cant finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。He was unable to make much progress，hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力，却未能取得很大进步。【说明】有的词典将 much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如：Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。Much as I like you，I couldnt live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你在一起生活。4、动词原形 + as / though + 主语 + 动词Object as you may，Ill go.纵使你反对，我也要去。Try as he might，he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。Search as they would，they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Dislike him as we may，we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。Lose money as I did，we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。Fail in the election as he did，he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。【说明】主语后的动词通常为 may，might，would，did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用 did，do 等助动词)。5、分词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词Raining hard as it is， Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。Surrounded as we were by the enemy，we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。Munching the apple as he was，he had got an eye for all Johns movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。6、补充说明1）这类倒装的让步状语从句可用 as， though 来引导，不能用 although 来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句却可用 though， although 来引导，而不能用 as 来引导。也就是说， although 引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as 引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而 though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。正：Late as though it was，we still went on working.正：Though it was late，we still went on working.误：Late although it was，we still went on working .误：As it was late，we still went on working.2）上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较：Tired as he was，he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步)Tired as he was，he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因)Young as he was，he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。(表让步)Young as he was，he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因)3）在美国英语中，人们通常用 as.as 引导让步状语从句。如：Cold as it was， we went out.=As cold as it was， we went out. 尽管天气冷，我们还是出去了。Successful as he is， he is not proud.=As successful as he is， he is not proud. 他虽成功了，但不骄傲。二、as 引导定语从句 as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) (一) 如为限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等结构中。如：1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.)2.-Why didnt you mention that in face of the police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Dont do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） (二) 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为正如，这一点。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作宾语)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作主语）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health .或:Smoking is harmful to ones health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.2.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：（1）使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2) 在“the samethat”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the sameas”结构中，same和as都不能省略。(3) 当“the samethat”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met?= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at?7. 当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如：A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesnt understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Lets discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand.（结果状语从句）13 / 13