福建省2017年中考英语总复习-第十一章-一致原则.ppt

一章主谓一致一章主谓一致谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主语和谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。考 点 1 语 法 一 致“语法一致”也就是说句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。(1)单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如：The water in the river is very clean.The boys are playing basketball there.(2)动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：To see is to believe.Reading is learning.(3)当and或both and 连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。若连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词也用复数，如：Both the girl and the boy are my classmates.(4)each，either，neither，one，another，the other作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：Each of the students has got a book.(5)不定代词anyone，anything，everyone，everything，someone，something，no one，nothing，each other 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：Something is wrong with my cell phone.(6)在以下结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致：A+with/together with/along with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/including+B+谓语动词+，如：I with my daughter am going to Korea this summer.(7)表示成双成套的名词，如trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；若这类名词与pair，kind连用时，谓语动词往往与pair，kind一致，如：Those pairs of shoes under the bed are mine.(8)“a number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：A number of students have passed the exam.(9)“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of/half of/all of/none of+名词”或“分数或百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词；如果是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；如果是不可数名词或可数名词单数，谓语动词则用单数，如：None of these suggestions are very helpful.真题热身真题热身()To our surprised,the walls of the new bookstore _ books.(2015厦门市)A.are lined with B.is lined C.have lined with中考真题A 考 点 2 意 义 一 致“意义一致”就是从意义的角度来处理主谓语一致问题。有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、长度、价格等短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.(2)class，family，group，team等集体名词作主语，若作为一个整体来看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，若强调整体中的每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式；集合名词clothes，people，police表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，如：My family is a small one with three people.My family are fond of doing sports.(3)表示学科的、以s结尾的名词，如physics，politics，或不可数名词news，plastics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式,如：No news is good news.Politics is widely used in our daily life.(4)“the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the+姓氏s”表示“姓一家人”时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The sick here are very well cared for.The Blacks are watching TV at home now.真题热身真题热身()1.Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _ enough.(2014广东省)A.is B.was C.are D.were()2.For kids of this age,two hours of sitting in a classroom _ too long.(2015绵阳市)A.is B.are C.was D.were中考真题AA