初中英语【易错词汇】详细辨析.docx

1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词a number of students4. family, house, homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员。My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Lets go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road; in the street, Show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse课程(可包括多门科目)，subject科目(具体的学科)a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing.Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼(不可数)，exercises练习(可数)，practice(反复做的)练习。Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class. Lesson 6; Class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课a series of lecture on 17. officer, officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员an army officer18. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job。19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词，损害，损失; damages复数形式，赔偿金$900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察The police are questioningeveryone in the house.24. problem, questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用。25. man, a manman人类，a man一个男人Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行a three-day trip29. sport, gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize The price is high/low.31. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of 的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number ofstudents is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day暂时的，不长久的a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们(不止三个)中的三个，the three of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us- Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时Thinking for a moment, he agreed.37. next year, the next yearnext year明年，将来时间状语，the next year第二年，过去将来时间状语He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年(两年或三年等)39. take advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word总之，一句话，in words口头上In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替，in the place of在地方A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语;in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea出航或是当水手，by sea 经海路，by the sea在海边47. wear, put on, dresswear和dress表状态, wear接衣服等，可用进行时，dress接人，be dressed in, put on表动作Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.48. listen, hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果I listened, but I heard nothing.49. care about, care forcare about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中;care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，负责照料，in the charge of由照料He is in charge of the matter.The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire着火, on the fire在火上Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的54. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第 He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day白天，by the day按天计算The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人，a people指民族The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的I was ill. Thats why .59. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人- How many / How much ?- None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，not a bit一点也不Im not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句I havent many books.66. much more than, many more thanmuch more than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more than后接可数名词many morepeople, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno = not a/any no friend = not a/any friend no water = not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself自行的，自动的The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体He is tall.73. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish, a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分，是副词most people, the people are mostly 79. just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语the very man, just the man80. wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders81. real, truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold, a true story82. respectful, respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的be respectful to the aged83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的an understanding girl, an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closely connected, stand close87. ill, sickill做表语，sick定，表均可a sick boy88. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不work hard, I can hardly believe it.91. able, capableable与不定式to do连用，capable与of连用He is capable of doing 92. almost, nearly二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用用almost almost nobody93. late, latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来I havent seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的all the living people = all the people95. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的Im excited. The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud, loudaloud出声地，loud大声地read aloud (出声地读)98. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done99 catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用，而have a cold可以She has had a cold for a week.100. change for, change intochange for调换成，change into变成Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.101. continue, last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.102. feed, raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)，raise饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children)raise the family103. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor去请医生，go to a doctor去看病104. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catch sight of突然看到observe the stars105. insist on, stick toinsist on坚持要求，后常接doing, stick to坚持,后常接sth., stick to the plan106. look, seem, appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appear wise,look like his father107. gather, collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collect stamps108. mean to do, mean doingmean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味着By this I mean giving the students more practice.109. die from, die ofdie from表示死于(枪)伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素die of hunger and cold110. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for为付钱，pay back还钱，但不一定还清，pay off还清pay for the book, pay off the debt111. divide, separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开divide the apple, separate the houses112. arrive, get, reacharrive后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing113. grow, plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees, trees are growing114. manage, trymanage to do设法做成了某事，try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.115. choose, selectchoose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择choose the best answer116. build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用语，建成，put up临时搭建，set up建成(内部的设施基本齐全)，found国家或组织的建成put up a tent, set up a school117. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.118. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在上达成一致意见，主语是复数agree with you, agree to the plan119. throw to, throw atthrow to扔到, throw at朝扔He throw a stone at me.120. receive, acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.