AWSD1ppt.1介绍.ppt

AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n nAmerican Welding Society(American Welding Society(美国焊接协会美国焊接协会)n nThis This code code covers covers the the welding welding requirements requirements for for any any type type of of welded welded structure structure made made from from the the commonly commonly used used carbon carbon and and low-alloy low-alloy constructional constructional steels.steels.Clauses Clauses 1 1 through through 8 8 constitute constitute a a body body of of rules rules for for the the regulation regulation of of welding welding in in steel steel construction.construction.There There are are nine nine normative normative and and twelve twelve informative informative annexes annexes in in this this code.code.A A Commentary of the code is included with the document.Commentary of the code is included with the document.n n本规范包含对常用碳素钢和低合金结构钢的任何类型结构本规范包含对常用碳素钢和低合金结构钢的任何类型结构的焊接要求。第的焊接要求。第1 1 章至第章至第8 8 章构成了钢结构焊接规范条例章构成了钢结构焊接规范条例的主体。规范中载有标准性附录的主体。规范中载有标准性附录9 9 则和信息性附录则和信息性附录12 12 则。则。文件还包括对规范条文的说明。文件还包括对规范条文的说明。AWS D1.1n n1.General Requirements 1.General Requirements 总则总则n n2.Design of Welded Connection.2.Design of Welded Connection.焊接连接的设计焊接连接的设计n n3.Prequalification of WPSs WPS 3.Prequalification of WPSs WPS 的免除评定的免除评定n n4.Qualification 4.Qualification 评定评定n n5.Fabrication 5.Fabrication 建造建造n n6.Inspection 6.Inspection 检验检验n n7.Stud Welding 7.Stud Welding 螺柱焊螺柱焊n n8.Strengthening and Repair of Existing Structures8.Strengthening and Repair of Existing Structures 现有结构的补强与修理现有结构的补强与修理5.Fabricationn n5.1 5.1 范围范围n n5.2 5.2 母材母材n n5.3 5.3 焊接材料的要求焊接材料的要求n n5.4 ESW5.4 ESW和和EGWEGW方法方法n n5.5 WPS 5.5 WPS 参数参数n n5.6 5.6 预热和层间温度预热和层间温度n n5.7 5.7 调质钢的焊接热输入控制调质钢的焊接热输入控制n n5.8 5.8 消除应力热处理消除应力热处理n n5.9 5.9 衬垫、背部保护气体或嵌条衬垫、背部保护气体或嵌条n n5.10 5.10 衬垫衬垫n n5.11 5.11 焊接和切割设备焊接和切割设备n n5.12 5.12 焊接环境焊接环境n n5.13 5.13 符合设计要求符合设计要求n n5.14 5.14 最小角焊缝最小角焊缝n n5.15 5.15 母材的准备母材的准备n n5.16 5.16 凹角凹角n n5.17 5.17 梁的开槽口和焊缝的穿越孔梁的开槽口和焊缝的穿越孔n n5.18 5.18 定位焊缝和结构辅助焊缝定位焊缝和结构辅助焊缝n n5.19 5.19 组装部件的拱度组装部件的拱度n n5.20 5.20 周期载荷结构的拼接周期载荷结构的拼接n n5.21 5.21 变形和收缩的控制变形和收缩的控制n n5.22 5.22 接头尺寸公差接头尺寸公差n n5.23 5.23 焊接结构部件的尺寸公差焊接结构部件的尺寸公差n n5.24 5.24 焊缝剖面外形焊缝剖面外形n n5.25 5.25 塞焊和槽焊技术塞焊和槽焊技术n n5.26 5.26 返修返修n n5.27 5.27 锤击锤击n n5.28 5.28 捻缝捻缝n n5.29 5.29 电弧击伤电弧击伤n n5.30 5.30 焊缝清理焊缝清理n n5.31 5.31 焊缝引弧板和引出板焊缝引弧板和引出板AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n5.Fabricationn n5.26 Repairs 返修 The removal of weld metal or portions of the base metal may be done by machining,grinding,chipping,or gouging.It shall be done in such a manner that the adjacent weld metal or base metal is not nicked or gouged.Oxygen gouging shall not be used in quenched and tempered steel.Unacceptable portions of the weld shall be removed without substantial removal of the base metal.The surfaces shall be cleaned thoroughly before welding.Weld metal shall be deposited to compensate for any deficiency in size.焊缝金属或部分母材的清除可用机加工、打磨、铲凿或刨槽的方法进行。清除必须这样：不在邻近焊缝金属或母材上造成缺口或槽痕。调质钢上严禁使用氧气刨槽。焊缝的不合格部分必须清除但不要伤及母材。焊接之前，必须彻底清洁表面。对于任何尺寸的不足必须熔敷焊缝金属加以补偿。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n5.Fabricationn n5.26 Repairs 返修 5.26.1 5.26.1 The The contractor contractor has has the the option option of of either either repairing repairing an an unacceptable unacceptable weld weld or or removing removing and and replacing replacing the the entire entire weld,weld,except except as as modified modified by by 5.26.3.5.26.3.The The repaired repaired or or replaced replaced weld weld shall shall be be retested retested by by the the method method originally originally used,used,and and the the same same technique technique and and quality quality acceptance acceptance criteria criteria shall shall be be applied.applied.If If the the contractor contractor elects elects to to the the weld,weld,it shall be corrected as follows:it shall be corrected as follows:n n除按除按5.26.3 5.26.3 要求的修正外，承包商可以选择返修不合格要求的修正外，承包商可以选择返修不合格的焊缝，或者清除整条焊缝而重焊。返修或重焊的焊缝的焊缝，或者清除整条焊缝而重焊。返修或重焊的焊缝必须按原方法再检测，并且使用同样的技术和质量合格必须按原方法再检测，并且使用同样的技术和质量合格判据。如果承包商选择返修焊缝，必须按如下要求进行：判据。如果承包商选择返修焊缝，必须按如下要求进行：AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n n5.26.1.1 Overlap,Excessive Convexity,or Excessive Reinforcement.焊瘤、过分凸起或余高过大焊瘤、过分凸起或余高过大 Excessive weld metal shall be removed.Excessive weld metal shall be removed.必须清除过量的焊缝金属必须清除过量的焊缝金属。n n5.26.1.2 Excessive Concavity of Weld or Crater,Undersize Welds,Undercutting.The The surfaces surfaces shall shall be be prepared prepared(see(see 5.30)5.30)and and additional weld metal deposited.additional weld metal deposited.过分的焊缝内凹或弧坑，焊缝尺寸不足，咬边过分的焊缝内凹或弧坑，焊缝尺寸不足，咬边必须对表面进行准备（见必须对表面进行准备（见5.305.30），并熔敷补充的焊缝金属。），并熔敷补充的焊缝金属。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n5.26.1.3 Incomplete Fusion,Excessive Weld Porosity,or Slag Inclusions.未融合，过多的焊缝气孔或夹渣 Unacceptable portions shall be removed(see 5.26)and rewelded.清除不合格部分并重焊。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n5.26.1.4 Cracks in Weld or Base Metal.The extent of the crack shall be ascertained by use of acid etching,MT,PT,or other equally positive means;the crack and sound metal 2 in.50 mm beyond each end of the crack shall be removed,and rewelded.焊缝或母材裂纹应用酸蚀、磁粉检查、渗透检验或其他可靠的方法应用酸蚀、磁粉检查、渗透检验或其他可靠的方法确定裂纹的范围；还应清除裂纹和超出裂纹每一确定裂纹的范围；还应清除裂纹和超出裂纹每一端端50mm50mm的完好金属并重焊。的完好金属并重焊。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n5.26.3 Engineers Approval.Prior approval of the Engineer shall be obtained for repairs to base metal,repair of major or delayed cracks,repairs to ESW and EGW with internal defects,or for a revised design to compensate for deficiencies.The Engineer shall be notified before welded members are cut apart.n n工程师认可工程师认可工程师认可工程师认可 母材的返修、重要的或延迟裂纹的母材的返修、重要的或延迟裂纹的返修、对有内部缺陷的电渣焊缝和气电焊缝的返返修、对有内部缺陷的电渣焊缝和气电焊缝的返修、或由于修改设计而对缺损处进行补偿返修，修、或由于修改设计而对缺损处进行补偿返修，必须事先得到工程师的同意。割开焊接构件前必必须事先得到工程师的同意。割开焊接构件前必须通知工程师。须通知工程师。n n5.26.4 Inaccessibility of Unacceptable Welds.难以返修的焊缝难以返修的焊缝If,after an unacceptable weld has been made,work is performed which has rendered that weld inaccessible or has created new conditions that make correction of the unacceptable weld dangerous or ineffectual,then the original conditions shall be restored by removing welds or members,or both,before the corrections are made.If this is not done,the deficiency shall be compensated for by additional work performed conforming to an approved revised design.已经造成不合格焊缝后，如果由于工作结束而使该不合格焊缝已经造成不合格焊缝后，如果由于工作结束而使该不合格焊缝难以接近，或者出现新的情况、给返修工作带来危险或不能难以接近，或者出现新的情况、给返修工作带来危险或不能返修成功，那么返修前就必须清除焊缝或构件，或两者都除返修成功，那么返修前就必须清除焊缝或构件，或两者都除去，以恢复原有条件。如果不进行这一工作，则必须按照得去，以恢复原有条件。如果不进行这一工作，则必须按照得到认可的修改设计实施追加的工作来补偿该缺陷。到认可的修改设计实施追加的工作来补偿该缺陷。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n n5.29 Arc Strikes 电弧击伤电弧击伤Arc strikes outside the area of permanent welds should be avoided on any base metal.Cracks or blemishes caused by arc strikes shall be ground to a smooth contour and checked to ensure soundness.对于任何母材都应避免在永久性焊缝区域以外引燃电弧。电弧击伤导致的裂纹或损伤必须打磨成光滑外形，并作检查以保证金属完好。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n n5.30 Weld Cleaning 焊缝清理焊缝清理 5.30.1 In-Process Cleaning 过程中的清理过程中的清理Before welding over previously deposited metal,all slag shall be removed and the weld and adjacent base metal shall be cleaned by brushing or other suitable means.This requirement shall apply not only to successive layers but also to successive beads and to the crater area when welding is resumed after any interruption.It shall not,however,restrict the welding of plug and slot welds in conformance with 5.25.在焊接覆盖前道熔敷金属以前，必须清除所有焊渣，同时焊缝及在焊接覆盖前道熔敷金属以前，必须清除所有焊渣，同时焊缝及邻近的母材必须擦刷或用其他合适的方法清理干净。这一要求邻近的母材必须擦刷或用其他合适的方法清理干净。这一要求不仅必须实施于逐次的焊层，而且必须实施于逐次的焊道以及不仅必须实施于逐次的焊层，而且必须实施于逐次的焊道以及任何中断焊接对弧坑区域的清理。但按照任何中断焊接对弧坑区域的清理。但按照5.25 5.25 要求进行的塞焊要求进行的塞焊和槽焊必须不受此限制和槽焊必须不受此限制AWS D1.1AWS D1.15.30.2 Cleaning of Completed Welds.完工焊缝的清理完工焊缝的清理 Slag Slag shall shall be be removed removed from from all all completed completed welds,welds,and and the the weld weld and and adjacent adjacent base base metal metal shall shall be be cleaned cleaned by by brushing brushing or or other other suitable suitable means.means.Tightly Tightly adherent adherent spatter spatter remaining remaining after after the the cleaning cleaning operation operation is is acceptable,acceptable,unless unless its its removal removal is is required required for for the the purpose purpose of of NDT.NDT.Welded Welded joints joints shall shall not not be be painted painted until until after after welding welding has has been been completed completed and the weld accepted.and the weld accepted.必须清除所有完工焊缝的焊渣，并必须将焊缝及邻近的母材必须清除所有完工焊缝的焊渣，并必须将焊缝及邻近的母材刷干净或用其他适当方法清理。清理后仍牢固粘附的飞溅残刷干净或用其他适当方法清理。清理后仍牢固粘附的飞溅残余物允许留存，为了无损检测而必须清除者除外。直到焊接余物允许留存，为了无损检测而必须清除者除外。直到焊接工作已经完成并且焊缝验收合格为止，严禁焊缝涂漆。工作已经完成并且焊缝验收合格为止，严禁焊缝涂漆。AWS D1.1AWS D1.16 Inspectionn nPart A General Requirementsn nPart B Contractor Responsibilitiesn nPart C Acceptance Criterian nPart D NDT Proceduresn nPart E Radiographic Testing(RT)n nPart F Ultrasonic Testing(UT)of Groove Weldsn nPart G Other Examination MethodsAWS D1.1AWS D1.1n n6.1 Scope Clause 6 contains all of the requirements for the Inspectors qualifications and responsibilities,acceptance criteria for discontinuities,and procedures for NDT.第6 章包括对检验人员的资格评定与职责的所有要求，缺陷的验收准则，以及无损检测（NDT）工艺Part A General RequirementsAWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part B Contractor Responsibilitiesn n6.6.1 Contractor Responsibilities.承包商责任n n6.6.2 Inspector Requests.检验员要求n n6.6.3 Engineering Judgment.工程判断n n6.6.4 Specified NDT Other than Visual.除目检外规定的NDTn n6.6.5 Nonspecified NDT Other than Visual.除目检外未规定NDTAWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part C Acceptance Criterian6.7 ScopeAcceptance criteria for visual and NDT inspection of tubular connections and statically and cyclically loaded nontubular connections are described in Part C.The extent of examination and the acceptance criteria shall be specified in the contract documents on information furnished to the bidder.C C 部分述及管材连接以及静荷载和周期荷载的非管部分述及管材连接以及静荷载和周期荷载的非管材连接的外观检验和材连接的外观检验和NDT NDT 的验收判据，检查的范的验收判据，检查的范围和验收判据必须根据提供给投标者的资料在合围和验收判据必须根据提供给投标者的资料在合同文本中规定。同文本中规定。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part C Acceptance Criterian n6.9 6.9 Visual InspectionVisual InspectionAll All welds welds shall shall be be visually visually inspected inspected and and shall shall be be acceptable if the criteria of Table 6.1 are satisfied.acceptable if the criteria of Table 6.1 are satisfied.所所有有焊焊缝缝必必须须目目检检，且且如如满满足足表表6.1 6.1 所所列列的的条条件件即即必必须认为合格。须认为合格。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part C Acceptance Criterian n6.10 PT and MT6.10 PT and MTWelds that are subject to MT and PT,in addition to visual inspection,shall be evaluated on the basis of the applicable requirements for visual inspection.The testing shall be performed in conformance with 6.14.4 or 6.14.5,whichever is applicable.除进行目检外还需进行磁粉检测和液体渗透检测的除进行目检外还需进行磁粉检测和液体渗透检测的焊缝，必须在目检合格要求的基础上进行评定。焊缝，必须在目检合格要求的基础上进行评定。两种检测必须符合两种检测必须符合6.14.4 6.14.4 或或6.14.5 6.14.5 的适用条款的要的适用条款的要求求AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part C Acceptance Criterian n6.11 NDTnExcept as provided for in 6.18,all NDT methods including equipment requirements and qualifications,personnel qualifications,and operating methods shall be in conformance with Section 6,Inspection.Acceptance criteria shall be as described in this section.Welds subject to NDT shall have been found acceptable by visual inspection in conformance with 6.9.n n除除6.18 6.18 的内容外，所有的内容外，所有NDT NDT 方法，包括设备要求和鉴定，方法，包括设备要求和鉴定，人员资格评定和操作方法，均必须符合第人员资格评定和操作方法，均必须符合第6 6 章的规定。验章的规定。验收判据必须按本章的规定。需作无损检测的焊缝必须先按收判据必须按本章的规定。需作无损检测的焊缝必须先按6.9 6.9 规定目检合格。规定目检合格。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part C Acceptance Criterian n6.11 NDTnFor welds subject to NDT in conformance with 6.10,6.11,6.12.3,and 6.13.3,the testing may begin immediately after the completed welds have cooled to ambient temperature.Acceptance criteria for ASTM A 514,A 517,and A 709 Grade 100 and 100W steels shall be based on NDT performed not less than 48 hours after completion of the welds.n n根根据据6.106.10，6.116.11，6.12.1 6.12.1 和和6.13.3 6.13.3 要要求求作作无无损损检检测测的的焊焊缝缝，可可以以在在完完工工焊焊缝缝冷冷却却至至环环境境温温度度后后立立即即开开始始检检测测。对对ASTM ASTM A514A514、A517 A517 钢钢和和A709 A709 100 100 及及100W 100W 级级钢钢，则则规规定定必必须须在在焊焊缝缝完完工工后后至至少少4848小小时时才才能能按按对对这这些些钢钢的的验验收收判判据据作作无损检测。无损检测。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part C Acceptance Criterian n6.11.1 Tubular Connection Requirements.For CJP groove butt welds welded from one side without backing,the entire length of all completed tubular production welds shall be examined by either RT or UT.The acceptance criteria shall conform to 6.12.3 or 6.13.3 as applicable.n n对无衬垫、从一面焊接的CJP 坡口接焊缝，对完工的管材产品焊缝的全长必须用射线或超声波检测进行检查。验收判据必须符合6.12.1 或6.13.3 中适用者。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part D NDT Proceduresn n6.14 Procedures 6.14 Procedures 工艺工艺工艺工艺The NDT procedures as described in this code have been in use for many years and provide reasonable assurance of weld integrity;however,it appears that some users of the code incorrectly consider each method capable of detecting all unacceptable discontinuities.Users of the code should become familiar with all the limitations of NDT methods to be used,particularly the inability to detect and characterize planar discontinuities with specific orientations.(The limitations and complementary use of each method are explained in the latest edition of AWS B1.10,Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Welds.)本规范所述无损检测（NDT）工艺已使用多年，并且对焊缝完好性提供了合理的保证；然而看起来有些规范使用者不正确地认为每一种方法都能检测所有不合格的不连续性。规范使用者应当熟谙每一种所用的无损检测方法的局限性，尤其是无法探测并确定具有特定危害性取向的平面不连续性。（在AWS B1.10 焊缝无损检查指南的最新版中阐明了每一种方法的限定及补充使用）。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part D NDT Proceduresn n6.14.1 6.14.1 RT:RT:When When RT RT is is used,used,the the procedure procedure and and technique technique shall shall be be in in conformance conformance with with Part Part E E of of this this section.section.当当使使用用射射线线照照相相检检测测时时，其其工工艺艺和和技技术术必必须须符符合合本本章章E E 部分的要求部分的要求n n6.14.3 UT:6.14.3 UT:When UT is used,the procedure and When UT is used,the procedure and technique shall be in conformance with Part F of this technique shall be in conformance with Part F of this section.section.当使用超声波检测时，其工艺和技术必须符合本章当使用超声波检测时，其工艺和技术必须符合本章F F 部分的要求。部分的要求。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part D NDT Proceduresn n6.14.4 6.14.4 MT.MT.When When MT MT is is used,used,the the procedure procedure and and technique technique shall shall be be in in conformance conformance with with ASTM ASTM E E 709,709,and and the the standard standard of of acceptance acceptance shall shall be be in in conformance conformance with with Section Section 6,6,Part Part C,C,of of this this code,code,whichever whichever is is applicable.applicable.当使用磁粉检测时，其工艺和技术必须符合当使用磁粉检测时，其工艺和技术必须符合ASTM ASTM E709 E709 的规定，而合格标准则必须符合本规范第的规定，而合格标准则必须符合本规范第6 6 章章C C 部分的要求，取其适用者。部分的要求，取其适用者。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1Part D NDT Proceduresn n6.14.5 6.14.5 PT.PT.For For detecting detecting discontinuities discontinuities that that are are open open to to the the surface,surface,PT PT may may be be used.used.The The standard standard methods methods set set forth forth in in ASTM ASTM E E 165 165 shall shall be be used used for for PT PT inspection,inspection,and and the the standards standards of of acceptance acceptance shall shall be be in in conformance conformance with with Section Section 6,6,Part Part C,C,of of this this code,code,whichever is applicable.whichever is applicable.n n当探测表面开口的不连续性时，可以使用着色渗当探测表面开口的不连续性时，可以使用着色渗透检测。根据适用情况，必须将透检测。根据适用情况，必须将ASTM E165 ASTM E165 中规中规定的标准方法用于着色渗透检测，而合格标准应定的标准方法用于着色渗透检测，而合格标准应符合本规范第符合本规范第6 6 章章C C 部分适用规定的要求。部分适用规定的要求。AWS D1.1AWS D1.1n n6.14.6 Personnel Qualification 人员资格评定人员资格评定n n6.14.6.1 ASNT Requirements.6.14.6.