8：雅思阅读配对题.ppt

NN第八讲：雅思阅读配对题一、形式：三部分组成题目要求、选相的集合、题目的集合二、特点：难以捉摸大多数是细节信息（段落配信息题除外）乱序分布三、分类配对一方是特殊定位词配对双方是长句子段落配信息四、基本解题步骤识别配对的双方的类型以及各自的数量决定先定位哪一方通读配对另一方，划出全部定位词，逐段进行配对1.配对一方是特殊定位词配对一方是特殊定位词方法：A迅速浏览定位词，在文中划出，没有出现定位词的段落一律不考虑。B通读配对题的另一方，划出定位词，逐段配对。例题：剑一T2P1Q1-7AWhydohumans,virtuallyaloneamongallanimalspecies,displayadistinctleftorrighthandedness?Notevenourclosestrelativesamongtheapespossesssuchdecidedlateralasymmetry,aspsychologistscallit.Yetabout90percentofeveryhumanpopulationthathaseverlivedappearstohavebeenright-handed.Professor Bryan TurneratDeaconUniversityhasstudiedtheresearchliteratureonleft-handednessandfoundthathandednessgoeswithsidedness.Sonineoutoftenpeopleareright-handedandeightareright-footed.Henotedthatthisdistinctiveasymmetryinthehumanpopulationisitselfsystematic.Humansthinkincategories:blackandwhite,upanddown,leftandright.Itsasystemofsignsthatenablesustocategoriesphenomenathatareessentiallyambiguous.BResearchhasshownthatthereisgeneticorinheritedelementtohandedness.Butwhileleft-handednesstendstoruninfamilies,neitherleftnorrighthandlerswillautomaticallyproduceoff-springwiththesamehandedness;infactabout6percentofchildrenwithtworight-handedparentswillbeleft-handed.However,amongtwoleft-handedparents,perhaps40percentofthechildrenwillalsobeleft-handed.Withonerightandoneleft-handedparent,15to20percentoftheoffspringwillbeleft-handed.Evenamongidenticaltwinswhohaveexactlythesamegenes,oneinsixpairswilldifferintheirhandedness.CWhatthenmakespeopleleft-handedifitisnotsimplygenetic?Otherfactorsmustbeatworkandresearchershaveturnedtothebrainforclues.Inthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,Dr Paul Boca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.Henotedthatsincethelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolstherighthalfofthebody,andviceversa,thebraindamagemusthavebeeninthebrainslefthemisphere,Psychologistsnowbelievethatamongrighthandedpeople,probably95percenthavetheirlanguagecentreinthelefthemisphere,while5percenthaveright-sidedlanguage,Left-handers,however,donotshowthereversepatternbutinsteadamajorityalsoSome30percenthaverighthemispherelanguage.D Dr Brinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,hassuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,asthebrainevolved,onesidebecamespecializedforfinecontrolofmovement(necessaryforproducingspeech)andalongwiththisevolutioncameright-handpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,mostleft-handershavelefthemispheredominancebutalsosomecapacityintherighthemisphere.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.EInherstudiesofmacaquemonkeys,Brinkmanhasnoticedthatprimates(monkeys)seemtolearnahandpreferencefromtheirmotherinthefirstyearoflifebutthiscouldbeonehandortheother.Inhumans,however,thespecializationinfunctionofthetwohemispheresresultsinanatomicaldifferences;areasthatareinvolvedwiththeproductionofspeechareusuallylargerontheleftsidethanontheright.Sincemonkeyshavenotacquiredtheartofspeech,onewouldnotexpecttoseesuchavariationbutBrinkmanclaimstohavediscoveredatrendinmonkeystowardstheasymmetrythatisevidentinthehumanbrain.FTwoAmericanresearchers,Geschwind and Galaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.Butasthebraindevelops,anumberofthingscanaffectit.Everybrainisinitiallyfemaleinitsorganisationanditonlybecomesamalebrainwhenthemalefetusbeginstosecretehormones.Geschwind and Galaburdaknewthatdifferentpartsofthebrainmatureatdifferentrates;therighthemispheredevelopsfirst,thentheleft.Moreover,agirlsbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrainsdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.Thebrainmaybecomelessliberalizedandthisinturncouldresultinleft-handednessandthedevelopmentofcertainsuperiorskillsthathavetheiroriginsinthelefthemispheresuchaslogic,rationalityandabstraction.Itshouldbenosurprisethenthatamongmathematiciansandarchitects,left-handerstendtobemorecommonandtherearemoreleft-handedmalesthanfemales.GTheresultsofthisresearchmaybesomeconsolationtoleft-handerswhohaveforcenturieslivedinaworlddesignedtosuitright-handedpeople.However,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.Charles Moore,awriterandjournalist,isthewaythewordrightreinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.Wespeakofleft-handedcomplimentsandaccordingtoMoore,itisnocoincidencethatleft-hand,oftendevelopastammerastheyarerobbedoftheirfreedomofspeech.However,asmoreresearchisundertakenonthecausesoflefthandedness,attitudestowardsleft-handedpeoplearegraduallychangingforthebetter.IndeedwhenthechampiontennisplayerIndeedwhenthechampiontennisplayerIvanLendwasaskedwhatthesinglethingimprovehisgame,hesaidhewouldliketobecomealeft-hander.Questions1-7Usetheinformationinthetexttomatchthepeople(listedA-E)withtheopinions(listed1-7)below.Writetheappropriateletter(A-E)inboxes 1-7onyouranswersheet.Somepeoplematchmorethanoneopinion.ADrBocaBDrBrinkmanCGeschwindandGalaburdaDCharlesMooreEProfessorTurner1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.Henotedthatthisdistinctiveasymmetryinthehumanpopulationisitselfsystematic.Humansthinkincategories:blackandwhite,upanddown,leftandright.Itsasystemofsignsthatenablesustocategoriesphenomenathatareessentiallyambiguous.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.Inthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,Dr Paul Boca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.Dr Brinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,hassuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.4.Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.TwoAmericanresearchers,Geschwind and Galaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.6.Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.Moreover,agirlsbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrainsdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.However,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.Charles Moore,awriterandjournalist,isthewaythewordrightreinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.练习：剑二T3P3Q34-402.双方都是长句子双方都是长句子方法：A划出题目中的定位词，定位到段落。B划出选项中的定位词，逐段进行配对。例题：剑七T2P3Q36-39剑七剑七T2P3Q36-39Questions 36-39Complete each sentence with the correct ending,AJ,below.Write the correct letter,AJ,in boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet.36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrails37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMakete38Theimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpaths39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyearAprovidedthepeopleofMaketewithexperienceinrunningbusandtruckservices.Bwasespeciallysuccessfulinthenorthernpartofthedistrict.Cdifferedfromearlierphasesinthatthecommunitybecamelessactivelyinvolved.Dimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.Ewasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.Fcostlessthanlocallymadewheelbarrows.Gwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.HwasatfirstconsideredbyMIRTPtobeaffordableforthepeopleofthedistrict.Ihinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficient.J wasthoughttobethemostimportantobjectiveofPhaseIII.Mostgoodsweretransportedalongthepathsthatprovideshort-cutsupanddownthehillsides,butthepathswerearealsafetyriskandmadethejourneyonfootevenmorearduous.Itmadesensetoimprovethepathsbybuildingsteps,handrailsandfootbridges.36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrailsDimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.Theeffortstoimprovetheefficiencyoftheexistingtransportserviceswerenotverysuccessfulbecausemostofthemotorizedvehiclesinthedistrictbrokedownandtherewerenoresourcestorepairthem.37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMaketeIhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficientPathsandsecondaryroadswereimprovedonlyattherequestofcommunitieswhowerewillingtoparticipateinconstructionandmaintenance.38TheimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpathsGwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.Theroadimprovementsandaccompanyingmaintenancesystemhadhelpedmakethedistrictcentreaccessiblethroughouttheyear.39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyearEwasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.练习：剑五T2P2Q24-273.段落配信息题段落配信息题方法：划出定位词，以段落为单位，读完一段话，返回来浏览一遍定位词，如果有对应内容就选，没有就不选例题：剑六T1P2Q14-17Question14-17Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?Writethecorrectletter,AI，inboxes1417.14.asuggestionforimprovementtradeinthefuture15.theeffectoftheintroductionofelectronicdelivery16.thesimilarcostinvolvedintransportingaproductfromabroadorfromalocalsupplier17.theweakeningrelationshipbetweenthevalueofgoodsandthecostoftheirdelivery14.asuggestionforimprovementtradeinthefuture最后一段IInAmericatheperiodofhugeproductivitygainsintransportationmaybealmostover,butinmostcountriestheprocessstillhasfartogo.Stateownershipofrailwaysandairlines,regulationoffreightratesandtolerationofanti-competitivepractices,suchascargo-handlingmonopolies,allkeepthecostofshippingunnecessarilyhighanddeterinternationaltrade.Bringingthesebarriersdownwouldhelptheworldseconomiesgrowevencloser.15.theeffectoftheintroductionofelectronicdeliveryFThisisevenmoretrueofthefast-growinginformationindustries.Filmsandcompactdiscscostlittletotransport,evenbyaeroplane.Computersoftwarecanbeexportedwithouteverloadingitontoaship,simplybytransmittingitovertelephonelinesfromonecountrytoanother,sofreightratesandcargo-handlingschedulesbecomeinsignificantfactorsindecidingwheretomaketheproduct.Businessescanlocatebasedonotherconsiderations,suchastheavailabilityoflabour,whileworryinglessaboutthecostofdeliveringtheiroutput.16.thesimilarcostinvolvedintransportingaproductfromabroadorfromalocalsupplier.EToseehowthisinfluencestrade,considerthebusinessofmakingdiskdrivesforcomputers.Mostoftheworldsdisk-drivemanufacturingisconcentratedinSouth-eastAsia.Thisispossibleonlybecausediskdrives,whilevaluable,aresmallandlightandsocostlittletoship.ComputermanufacturersinJapanorTexaswillnotfacehugelybiggerfreightbillsiftheyimportdrivesfromSingaporeratherthanpurchasingthemonthedomesticmarket.Distancethereforeposesnoobstacletotheglobalisationofthedisk-driveindustry.17.theweakeningrelationshipbetweenthevalueofgoodsandthecostoftheirdeliveryDCountriesstilltradedisproportionatelywiththeirgeographicneighbours.Overtime,however,worldoutputhasshiftedintogoodswhoseworthisunrelatedtotheirsizeandweight.Today,itisfinishedmanufacturedproductsthatdominatetheflowoftrade,and,thankstotechnologicaladvancessuchaslightweightcomponents,manufacturedgoodsthemselveshavetendedtobecomelighterandlessbulky.Asaresult,lesstransportationisrequiredforeverydollarsworthofimportsorexports.五、注意1.大多数情况下，每个题目只能选一个选项。2.有些选项可能会用两次以上。3.有的选项可能用不上。4.第一题的答案往往在文章的后部，最后一题的答案往往在文章的前部。5.注意题目的答案要求练习：剑四T2P3Q27-32,T3P3Q27-31