英语倒装句讲解和练习附答案.pdf

一、全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般 过去时。常见的结构有：1)here,there,now,then,thus 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用 be,come,go,lie,run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here he comes.Away they went.二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词 或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in noway,not until.等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1)Why cant I smoke here?At no time_in the meeting-roomA.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permittedC.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结 构。这些否定词包括 no,little,hardly,seldom,never,not only,not until 等。本题的正常语 序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2)Not until the early years of the 19th century_what heat is.A.man did know B.man know C.didnt man know D.did man know答案D.看到Not until.的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C,D中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th.现在 将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。(1)以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only.but also,Hardly/Scarcely.when,No sooner.thanNot only did he refuse the gift,he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_than it began to rain heavily.A.the game began B.has the game begunC.did the game begin D.had the game begun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否 定意义的词有 never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及 not only.but(also),no sooner.than,hardly.when scarcely.when 等等。注意：只有当Not only.but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于 句首的Not only.but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.(2)so,neither,nor 作部分倒装表示也、也不的句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French.So can Jack.If you wont go,neither will I.典型例题-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know,.A.nor dont I care B.nor do I careC.I dont care neither D.I dont care also答案：B.nor为增补意思也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用dont再次否定，C neither用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的 确如此OTom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-Its raining hard.So it is.(3)only在句首要倒装的情况Only in this way,can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill,does he ever stay in bed(4)as,though引导的倒装句 as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提 前）。注意：1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一 起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：让步状语从句中，有though,although时，后面的主句不能有but,但是though 和yet可连用。(5)其他部分倒装1)so.that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.3)在虚拟语气家好句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you,I would try it again.典型例题：1)Not until the early years of the 19th century_what heat isA.man did know B.man knew C.didnt man know D.did man know答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2)Not until I began to work_how much time I had wasted.A.didnt I realize B.did I realizeC.I didnt realize D.I realize3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?I dont know,_.A.nor dont I care B.nor do I careC.I dont care neither D.I dont care also解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不o由so,neither,nor引 导的倒装句，表示前一，情况的重复出现。其中，so用于肯定句，而neither,nor用在否定 句中。(6)虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should 或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Were they here now,they could help us.=lf they were here now,they could help us.Had you come earlier,you would have met him=lf you had come earlier,you would have met him.Should it rain,the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain,the crops would be saved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从 句中be用were代替。If I were you,I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here,everything would be all right,如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题to do the work,I should do it some other day.A.If were I B.I were C.Were I D.Was I答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语 提前，变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连 词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.,而不能说 Werent I to do。(7)强调句结构常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。It is(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.典型例题1)It was last night_I see the comet.A.the time B.when C.that D.which答案C.强调句的结构是：It+be+强调部分+that(who)+主谓句。强调句的连词只有 两个，that和who o当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用who,其余用that。原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注意不 用 when)强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.2)It is ten years_Miss Green returned to Canada.A.that B.when C.since D.as答案C.考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A.that.其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉It is.that,只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。It is/was+时间+since.其中 is has been was had been.英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。正常语序的结构是“主语+谓语”，倒 装语序为谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语。倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。完全倒装是将整个谓语移至主语前面。例如:Then comes the buso部分倒装是只将助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。例如：Is she an English teacher?倒装结构的用法：一、副词 here,there,in,out,up,down,away,back,now,then,ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come,go,follow,run等表示彳立置移动的句词，而且主语又是名词时，需 要把谓语动词放主语之前，即全部倒装。注意:A此类倒装不用进行时态度。B若主语是代词时，不用倒装。l.-Lets hurry.Listen!There.Oh,yes.Has the teacher come yet?-Look!Here.A the bell goes,is he coming B goes the bell,he comesC the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell,comes he二，含有否定意义产词放句首，部分倒装。A 具有否定意义的副词放句首：not,never,seldom,hardly,rarely.little,sea rely,few.2.1 finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in my lifeso happy!(2000,spring)A did I feel B I feel C I had felt D had I felt3.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_with each other.(2003)A they had quarreled B they have quarreledC have they quarreled D had they quarreledB,含有否定意义的连词放句首:not only.but also.,neither.nor.,no sooner.than.,scarely.than.,Hardly.when.,not until.4.Not until all the fish died in the river_how serious pollution was.(95)A did the villagers realize B the villagers realizedC the villagers did realize D didnt the villagers realize5.Not only_interested in football but_ beginning to show an interest in it.A the teacher himself is,all his students areB the teacher himself is,are all his studentsC is the teacher himself,are all his studentsD is the teacher himself,all his students are*not only,no sooner,hardly.scarely 要侄U,but(also),than,when 后面的句子不侄U.Neither.nor.两部分者B倒装。C,含有否定意义的介词放句首：by no means,In no timejn no case,on no account,under no circumstances.On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.三，only+状语，部分到装6.Only in this way_to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang)A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope7.can you expect to get a pay rise.(2001)A With hard work B Although work hardC Only with hard work D Now that he works hard四、表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事半功倍有下列：肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语*主语与上文一致否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语8.-David has made great progress recently.-,and.(1997)A So he has,so you have B So he has,so have you C So has he,so have you D So has he,so you have9.-You forget your purse when you went out.-Good heavens,.(2002)A so did I B so I did C I did so D I so did五、as作尽管/虽然，引导让步状语从句，由于语法需要，把表语/状语/动词提于句首.10.,1 have never seen anyone whos as capable(有能力)as John.(2001)A As long as I have traveled B Now that I have traveledC Much as I have traveled D As I have travled so much 11.,he knows a lot of things.A The child as he is B Child as he is C A child as he is D Child as he is六、so.that.,such.that.的句子结构中，若so,such和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实 行部分倒。12.So difficult it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined tolearn English well.(2001)A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel七、若if引导的虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时，可将if省，把were,had,should放主语之前。13.it rain tomorrow,we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94)A Were B Should C Would D Will 14.for the tree tickets,!would not have gone to the film so often.(95sh)A If it is not B Were it not C Had not it been D If they were not八、充当地点状语的介词短语放句首，全倒。In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor.九、在表示愿望的感叹句，倒装。May our country become rich and strong!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!十、There be 句型，eg,There live(stand,appear.seemzremain,exist.)There is a man at the door wants to see you.There once lived an old hunter in that house.There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter.练习1.Only when you have obtained sufficient data come to a sound conclusion.a.can you b.you can c.would you d.you would2._ that this region was so rich in natural resources.a.Little he knew b.Little did he knowa.Little he did know d.Little he had known3.Never again _ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.a.Alfred E.Smith seriously sought b.seriously Alfred E.Smith soughtc.when did Alfred E.Smith seriously seek d.did Alfred E.Smith seriously seek4.Only in recent years begun to realize that wild dogs,kept within bounds,often do more good than harm.a.people have b.since people have c.have people d.people who have5.,we were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.a.What may come b.C ome what may c.May what come d.What come6.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head.a.that he turned b.did he turn c.he didn,t turnd.he had turned7.received law degrees as today.a.Never so women have b.The women aren,t everc.Women who have never d.Never have so many women8.Heat does not travel by convection in solid,because the solid does not move,a.so does a liquid b.so a liquid does c.as does a liquid d.so is a liquid9.On no account to anyone.a.my name must be mentioned b.must my name mentionc.must my name be mentioned d.my name must mention10.that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.a.Such construction robots are clever b.So clever the construction robots arec.So clever are the construction robots d.Such clever construction robots are11.do we go for picnics.a.C ertainly b.Sometimes c.Seldom d.Once12._ is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.a.Either b.Often c.Nor d.Usually13.Her answer is not acceptable,anda.neither am I b.either is mine c.neither is mine d.mine is neither14._,I must do another experiment.a.Be it ever so late b.It is ever so latec.It be ever so late d.So late it be ever15.So fast _ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.a.light travel b.travels the light c.do light travel d.does light travel16.A sneeze cannot be performed voluntarily,be easily suppressed.a.nor it can b.nor can it c.it cannot d.and cannot it17._ notebook and report that I promised you last week.a.Here is the b.Here are the c.Is here the d.Are here the18._ a little more time to think,he might have acted more sensibly.a.If he took b.If he has taken c.had he taken d.Should he take19.Beneath our feet _ that our life depends on for food and clothing.a.the earth lay b.the earth lies c.lie the earth d.lies the earth20.the beginning of the 19 century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.a.At b.By c.Up to d.Not until21.Hardly he got out of the court _ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.a.had when b.had,than c.didwhen d.has*than22.Among these books a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.a.have included b.is included c.has included d.are included23.No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country;is this more true than in Europe.a.nowhere b.hardly c.little d.seldom24.Important his discovery was,it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.a.to b.for c.as d.although25.According to the periodic table,still some elements undiscovered.a.there seem to be b.it seems c.it seems to be d.here seems26.Here_you want to see.a.the manager es the es a managerd.is coming a manager27.Barry can hardly drive a car,.a.so can t Molly b.can t Molly either c.Molly can t too d.neither can Molly28.for the leadership of the Party,we should not have succeeded.a.Had not it been b.Had it not been c.There was d.Is there29.no air or water,there would be no life in the world.a.Were there b.There are c.There wasd.Is there30.Not only _ the data fed into it,but it can also analyze them.a.the computer can memorizeb.can the computer memorizec.do the computer memorized.can memorize the computer31.Not once _ his view of life.a.did the gentleman mentionb.the gentleman mentioned thatthe gentleman mentioned d.does gentleman mentioned32.By no means their own language well.a.itistrue that all English people knowb.isittrue that do all English people knowc.itis true that do all English people knowd.isit true that all English people know33.The molecules of gases move more freely than.a.do liquids and solidsb.liquids and solids doc.do those of liquids and solids d.those do of liquids and solids34.The world s birth rates are on a decline and are the death rates.a.so b.also c.too d.the same35.is the volume of chemical goods.a.C onstantly growing too b.Too constantly growingGrowing constant tod.Too growing constant36.Many a time_ me with my English study.have he helped b.has he helpedc.he have helpedd.did he have helped37.Typical of the new type of young people,who set ashining example to the whole nation.a.was Lei Feng b.Were Lei Feng c.Lei Feng was d.Lei Feng were38.What Mr.Smith did was important,buta.more important the way of he did things wasb.the way of he did things was more importantc.more important was the way he did thingsd.more important the way werehe did things39.She didn t want to buy it,however good was itb.however good it wasfor how good might it bed.for how good it might be40.,it is always possible to find out its volume.a.Whatever theshape of a body may beb.The shape ofa body may be whateverc.May whateverthe shape of a body bed.Whatever maythe shape of a body be41.I won t pay$20 for the coat;it s not worth _a.all that much b.that much all c.that all much d.much all that42.Hot air accompanied by high relative humidity feels warmer than.a.is it actually b.it actually is c.actually it is d.actually is it43.Qingdao is usually cool in summer,but Nanjing.a.is rarely b.scarcely is c.hardly is d.rarely is44.D avid,something important has happened.I wish to _a.talk it over with you b.talk over it c.talk over d.talk you over it45.,more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy,not to mention the big cities inthe region.a.Alone in the small town b.In the small alone townc.In the small town alone d.In the alone smal1 town46.Geysers are found new near