托福长难句120(有翻译).pdf

托福长难句120（有翻译）：，！托福长难句120（有翻译）托福长难句120（有翻译）托福长难句120刘乔校验without light and subjected to intee pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth s surface,the deepocean bottom is a hostile environment to huma,in some ways asforbidding and remote as the void of outer space（定语后置 in some ways.由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海 底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。Totally without light and subjected to intee pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth s surface 原因状语the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to huma 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostileenvironment to huma整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。句 子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。to any undetanding of Canada in the 20 yea after the Second World War is the countrys impressive population growth(倒装结构 Basic to any undetanding.is.要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。该句的正常语序是The countrys impressive population growth is basic to any undetanding of Canada in the 20 yea after the Second World War(本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is。a result,claims that eating a diet coisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore(同位语从句claims that.本句的主句结构是 claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是 that eating a diet coisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health:只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康本句的机构是主句内部嵌套一个同位语从句，结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人 知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。are numerous uubstantiated reports that natural vitami are superior to synthetic ones,that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs,that untreated grai are betterthan fumigated grai and the like（并列同位语从句 reports that.z that.,that.-1-托福长难句120刘乔校验关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。5?The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that recotruction had to be undertaken also in the North,though less spectacularly（同位语从句fact that.南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建（尽管不像南方那么引人注 目）这一事实显得不太重要。6?The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl(宾语从句 what we now know as)现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激 发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。these facto do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosau in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth(of 结构作定 语:of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosau.但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题为何在一个特定的地点会如此集 中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。rumo that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 50 miles in extent,the two captaiset out(（同位语从句rumo that.当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛洱在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这一 区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山，其面积达80英里长50英里宽。就在这些传言中，两 位上尉出发了。9.In the seventeenth century the organ,the clavichord,and the harpsichord became the chiefitruments of the keyboard group,a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century（同位语 a supremacy）17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至 高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。10（A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century,including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it,the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality,finally produced an itrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestralfullness of sound,from a liquid,singing tone to asharp,percussive brilliance(介词结构from.to作定语)持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使 其柔和，改善金属框-2-托福长难句120刘乔校验架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐 器一这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到 尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。ll(The largest,later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by theSpanish,rose in five terracedstories,contained more than 800 rooms,and could have housed a population of 1,000 or more（虚拟语气）最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为Pueblo Bonito（美丽的城镇），是一个 五层梯式楼，有800多问房子，能够容纳1 000人以上。12（Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent,the film hasnever been,in the full see of the wo rd,silent（倒装 accustomed though we are.=though we are accustomed.虽然我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影叫做“无声电影，但是就无 声这个词的完整意义上说，电影从未真正的无声过。a number of yea the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the handsof the conductor or leader of the orchestra,and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownehip of a large peonal library of musical pieces(特殊结构not.SO much as.-与其说不如说在好些年内，为各部影片选择配乐的权力完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手 中，而通常担任这种职位的资格与其说是技巧或鉴赏品位，不如说是个人拥有音乐作品的丰 富收藏。14?Coincident with concer about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been agrowing appreciation of the importance of biological diveity,the number of species in a particular ecosystem,to the health of the Earth and human well-being(Cl到装 coincident with concer.has been.has been coincident with concer.在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时，人们也越来越认识到 生物多样化，即一个特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性。fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabitthe worlds rain forests does notseem surprising,coidering the huge numbe of iects that comprise the bulk of the species（同位语从句 fact that.;定语从句 that comprise the bulk.考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在 世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。appreciate fully the diveity and abundance of life in the sea,it helps to think small（特殊结构it helps to做有帮助）要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助。1 is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks,but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house（特殊结构not any more than像一样不-3-托福长难句120刘乔校验科学建立在事实上，就像房子用砖砌成一样。但收集的事实不能被叫做 科学，就像一堆砖不能被称为房子一样。variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which sideof the body is used to perform specific activities（从句 which side.is used作 corresponds to 的宾语两个半球之间的不同与身体的哪一部分用于进行特定的活动是对应的。a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by autho such as John Barth,Donald Barthelme,and Thomas Pynchon,Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her iistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction（特殊结构characterized by.-以为特征）尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实主义传统（以作家约翰?巴思、唐纳德?巴塞 尔姆和托马斯（品钦为代表）为特征的时代，乔伊斯?卡罗尔?欧茨因为坚持自己小说本质上模 仿的特点，有时候看起来是一个坚定的守旧派。20(If it were not for this faculty,they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence(虚拟语气)如果不是具有这种能力，它们就会在短时间内吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能会因饿死而灭绝。21(Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures,as are social classes(倒装 as are social classes)个人主义和社会阶层在民间文化群体中的发展十分薄弱。22(People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nations economy would bring social chaos(同位语从句 prospect that.19世纪的美国人因为害怕国家经济中史无前例的变化会带来社会混乱 这一前景而提心吊Eo23(Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diveification and a gradual shift in the nations labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural puuits(倒装 Accompanying that growth was a structural change that.=A structural change.wasaccompanying that growth)伴随着这一增长的是一个结构变化，它以经济的不断多样化和国家劳动 力从农业到制造业和其他非农业职业的逐渐转化为特征。24(As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined,so did the roles they played in the home(倒装 so did.-4-托福长难句120刘乔校验随着男人和女人在社会中扮演的角色被限定得更加严格，他们在家中的 角色也是如此。the column are three sepals and three petals,sometimes easily recognizable as such,often distorted into gorgeous,weird,but always functional shapes(倒装 Surrounding the column are.围绕着蕊柱的是三个萼片和三个花瓣，有时很容易辨认出来，但经常被 扭成华丽、奇特但总是有用的形状。26(With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom thatfollowed it,young people married and established households earlier and began to raise largerfamilies than had their predecesso during the Depression(倒装than had their predecesso一比较结构的第二部分)随着二战带来的持续繁荣以及随之而来的经济增长，年轻人比大萧条中 的同龄人结婚成家更早，而且养育的家庭比他们的前辈更大。27（The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature;furthermore,in its manifestation of speed and noise,it might be a despoiler of human nature as well（关联结构 could be and was）铁路可以，事实上也是自然的掠夺者;而且，在其速度和噪音的表现上也 可能是人性的掠夺者。28（In the railroads prime yea,between 1 890 and 1920,there were a few individuals in the United States,most of them with solid railroading experience behind them,who made a profession of writing about railroadingworks off e ri ng the ambience of statio,yards,and locomotive cabs（同位语 most of them;定语从句 who made a profession of writing）在1890年到1920年间铁路的黄金时期，美国有几个人（他们大多有丰富的 铁路经验）以写铁路题材为职业一一作品围绕车站、停车场和机车。29（On the other hand,when it comes to substantive-particularly behavioral-information,crowsare less well known than many comparably common species and,forthat matter,not a few quite uncommon ones:the endangered California condor,to cite one obvious example（特殊结构 for that matter）另一方面，当涉及实质性的，特别是行为方面的信息时，乌鸦就不如许 多比较而言很普通的鸟类那样为人所知;而且，也不如许多很不寻常的鸟类，举一个明显的例 子，如像濒危的加利福尼亚大秃鹫那样为人所知。30（Keen observe and quick learne,they are astute about the intentio of other creatures,including researche,and adept at avoiding them（并歹I同位语 keen observe and quick learne）乌鸦是敏锐的观察家和快捷的学习者，它们对其他生物（包括研究人员）的意图感觉非常敏锐，并且善于躲开它们。31（These researche have sought to demotrate that their work can be a valuable tool not onlyof science but also of history,providing flesh lights into the daily lives of ordinary peoplewhose existences might not otherwise be so well documented(-5-托福长难句120刘乔校验(宾语从句 demotrate th at.;特殊结构 otherwise)这些研究人员已经力图证实他们的工作不仅可以成为科学而且还是历史 的宝贵工具，为了解普通人的日常生活提供崭新的观点，否则这些普通人的生存状态不可能 被记载得这么好。32(Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War(18611865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northernplai of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned(特殊结构 Legend has it that.=There is a legend that.传说在内战(1861-1865)快结束的某个时候，一列载着牛群的政府的火 车在穿过怀俄明州东部的北部平原时遇到了暴风雪，因此不得不被遗弃。33(It is a lifelong process,a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should be an integral part of ones entire life(并列同位语 a process that.,and one that.教育是一个终生的过程，早在人们上学之前就开始了。它应成为人的一 生中不可缺少的一部分。34(Lifes traition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life(特殊结构 as much.as;倒装 as was the genesis of life)生命从海洋到陆地的过渡可能是一个像生命起源那样的进化挑战。35(In agriculture,the traformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevato,thecotton presses,the warehouses,and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nations farme the visible sign of a vast copiracy agait them(特殊结构 marked by;定语从句 that seemed.the visible sign.在农业上，这一变化的标志是谷物升降机、皮棉打包机厂、货栈和商品 交换的出现，对全国的众多农民来说它们是反对农民的大阴谋的明显标志。36(And there were factories in occupatio such as metalwork where individual contracto presided over what we re essentially handicraft proprietohips that coexisted within a singlebuilding(where引导定语从句;what引导的从句作presided over的宾语)仍然有像金属制造厂一类的工厂，在那里个体承包商管理在同一幢楼里 的本质上是手工艺品所有人的工场。37(But as the number of wage earne in manufacturing rose from million in 1880 to million in 1900 to 8(4 million in 1920(the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned,as did the size of the average plant(倒装结构as did.但随着制造业中挣工资的人数从1880年的270万上升到1900年的 450万到1920年的840万，像费城的包德温机车工厂这样的大型工厂的数量也大幅增加，同时 普通工厂的规模也剧增。-6-托福长难句120刘乔校验38(What we today call American folk art was,indeed,art of,by,and for ordinar y,everyday“folks who,with increasing prosperity and leisure,created a market for art of all kinds(andespecially for portraits(what引导的从句作主语;介词结构(art)of,by,and for.-所有、所创和所享的(艺术)我们今天所称的美国民间艺术确实是被普通民众所有、所创和所享的艺 术。随着日渐繁荣和不断增加的空闲，这些民众为各种艺术，尤其是肖像艺术创造了一个市 场。39(But in the heyday of portrait paintingfrom the late eighteenth century until the 1850 sanyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner as such a portraitist wascalledo（as引导方式状语从句）但是在肖像画的全盛期从18世纪晚期一直到19世纪50年代 任何一个稍有艺术能力的人都能够成为一个绘画者(人们当时就是这样称呼一个肖像画家的)40(The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecesso wasfar from a rich one,and in fact,in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisa and craftspeople(并列句;特殊结构far from)新生的美国从其殖民地时期的先辈那里继承的雕塑遗产远远谈不上丰 富，而且，实际上在1776年雕塑作为一种艺术形式仍然掌握在手艺人和工匠的手里。41(0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired,America turned to foreignsculpto,as in the 1770s when the cities of New York and Charleston,South Carolina,commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt(句子主干是 America turned to foreign sculpto;两个 when 都引导定 语从句occasionwhen.,1770s when.;as(in the 1770s)的意思是正如在少数情况下，当需要一件精美的雕刻品时，就像1770年纽约与南卡 罗来纳的查尔斯顿城委托英国人约瑟夫?威尔顿制造威廉?皮特的大理石雕像一样，美国人求 助于外国人。42(Add to this the timidity with which uchooled artisaoriginally trained as stonemaso,carpente,or cabinetmakeattacked the medium from which they were to make their images,and one undetands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the lateeighteenth century(add to this the timidity.=add the timidity.to this 为祈使句，相 当于一条件句:if one adds tothis the timidity.这个再加上没有受过学校教育的艺人一一他们最初是被训练为石匠、木 匠或家具木工的一对待他们要制作成雕像的媒介物的胆怯，使人更充分地了解18世纪晚 期美国雕刻艺术的发展。43(Itead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep iide the body,which wouldinvolve the expenditure of water and energy,desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height,and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grants gazelles(what弓|导的从句作rise to的宾语)-7-托福长难句120刘乔校验沙漠哺乳动物并不试图将体温控制得很低，因为这么做将会涉及水和能 量的消耗，而是允许体温上升到平常是高烧的温度一一有人在格兰特羚羊身上曾测到高达46摄氏度的体温。44(Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owne how much theycan charge their tenants in rento(whereby=by which,引导定语从句，表示手段)租金管制是政府借以告诉房主他们可以收取多少租金的系统。45(They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970s,which,combined with Californias rapid population growth,pushed housing prices,as well as rents,to record levels(which引导非限定性定语从句)它们受到了 20世纪70年代通货膨胀的刺激，这次通货膨胀与加利福尼 亚人口的迅速增长结合在一起，将房价与租金推到了创纪录的水平。46(Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as welkthat the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculpto must bring their own aesthetic seibilities intoharmony（倒装结构 Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well=An aesthetic principle is implicit in it aswell,that引导的句子做principle的同位语）其中也蕴涵一个美学原则:用于雕刻的媒介物有一定的美和富于表现力的 特性，雕刻家必须使他们自己的审美感与这些特性融为和谐的一体。47（With the turn-of-century Crafts movement and the discovery of nontraditional sources ofipiration,such as wooden African figures and masks,there arose a new urge for hands-on,peonal execution of art and an interaction with the medium（there arose是一存在句）随着世纪之交的手工艺运动和非传统灵感源泉（像非洲形体和面具）的发 现，出现了一种亲自实践、亲手制作艺术和与媒介物直接接触的新要求。48(The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone,but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks,possibly so one bird can learn from othe where to find iect swarms(possibly so=possibly so that)普通红隼单独栖息和狩猎，但较小的红隼群栖群食，很可能因此一只鸟 可以从其他鸟那儿了解到在哪儿可以找到成群的昆虫。49(In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become t