英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇.doc

英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇
语法项目表

1．名词
（1） 可数名词及其单复数
（2） 不可数名词
（3） 专有名词
（4） 名词所有格
2．代词
（1） 人称代词
（2） 物主代词
（3） 反身代词
（4） 指示代词
（5） 不定代词
（6） 疑问代词
3．数词
（1） 基数词
（2） 序数词
4．介词和介词短语
5．连词
6．形容词（比较级和最高级）
7．副词（比较级和最高级）
8．冠词
9．动词
（1）动词的基本形式
（2）系动词
（3）及物动词和不及物动词
（4）助动词
（5）情态动词
10．时态
（1）现在进行时
（2）一般现在时
（3）一般过去时
（4）一般将来时
（5）过去进行时
（6）现在完成时
11．被动语态
12．非谓语动词：动词不定式
13．构词法
（1） 合成法（2） 派生法（3） 转化法（4） 缩写和简写
14．句子种类
（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）
（2）疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句
（3）祈使句
（4）感叹句
15．句子成分
（1） 主语
（2） 谓语（主谓一致）
（3） 表语
（4） 宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）
（5）定语
（6）状语
16．简单句的基本句型
（1） 主语+系动词+表语
（2） 主语+不及物动词
（3） 主语+及物动词+宾语
（4） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
（5） 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
（6） there be句型
17．并列复合句
18．主从复合句
（1）宾语从句
（2）状语从句
（3）定语从句

词汇表
说明：
1．本表共收约1600个单词。
2．本词汇表不列词组和短语。
3．本词汇表不列语法术语。
4．部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列。

21

A
a (an) art.
ability n
able a
about prep & ad.
above prep
abroad a & ad
absent a
accent n
accept v
accident n
ache n
achieve v
across prep
act n & v
action n
active a
activity n
add v
address n
advantage n
advertisement n
advice n
advise v
afford v
afraid a
after ad , prep & conj
afternoon n
again ad
against prep
age n
ago ad
agree v
agreement n
air n
airline
airplane n
airport n
alive a
all a & pron
allow v
almost ad
alone a
along ad & prep
aloud ad
already ad
also ad
although conj
always ad
America n
American a & n
among prep
ancient a
and conj
angry a
animal n
another a & pron
answer n & v
ant n
any pron & a
anybody pron
anyone pron
anything pron
anyway ad
anywhere ad
appear v
apple n
April n
area
arm n
army n
around prep & ad
arrive v
art n
article n
as ad, conj & prep
Asia n
Asian a & n
ask v
asleep a
at prep
Atlantic n & a
attention n
August n
aunt n
Australia n
Australian a & n
autumn n
available a
avoid n
awake v
away ad
B
baby n
back ad & n
background n
bad ( worse, worst) a
bag n
ball n
balloon n
bamboo n
banana n
bank n
baseball n
basic a
basket n
basketball n
bathroom n
be (is, am, are, was, were, being, been) aux v
beach n
bear n
beat v & n
beautiful a
because conj
become (became, become) v
bed n
bedroom n
bee n
beef n
before prep, ad & conj
begin (began, begun) v
behaviour n
behind prep
believe v
bell n
below prep
beside prep
besides prep & ad
between prep
beyond prep
big a
bike =bicycle n
bill n
bird n
birth n
birthday n
biscuit n
bit n
bitter a
black a & n
blackboard n
blind a
blood n
blow (blew, blown) v
blue n & a
board n
boat n
body n
book n
boring a
born a
borrow v
boss n
both pron & a
bottle n
bottom n
bowl n
box n
boy n
brain n
brave a
bread n
break (broke, broken) v & n
breakfast n
breath n
breathe v
bridge n
bright a
bring (brought, brought) v
brother n
brown n & a
brush v & n
build (built, built) v
building n
burn (-ed, ed/burnt, burnt) v
bus n
business n
busy a
but conj
butter n
butterfly n
buy (bought, bought) v
by prep
bye interj
C
cabbage n
cake n
call v & n
camel n
camera n
camp n & v
can modal v
Canada n
cancel v
candle n
cancer n
candy n
cap n
capital n
captain n
car n
card n
care v & n
careful a
careless a
carry v
cat n
catch (caught, caught) v
cause n & v
CD n
CD-ROM n.
ceiling n
celebrate v
cent n
centre n
century n
certain a
chair n
chairman/woman n
chalk n
chance n
change v
chant n & v
cheap a
cheat v
check n & v
cheer n & v
cheese n
chemistry n
chess n
chest n
chicken n
child (pl. children) n
China n
Chinese a & n
chocolate n
choice n
choose (chose, chosen) v
chopsticks n
Christmas n
church n
cinema n
circle n & v
city n
clap v & n
class n
classmate n
classroom n
clean a & v
clear a
clever a
climb v
clock n
clone v
close v & a
clothes n
cloud n
cloudy a
club n
coach n
coal n
coast n
coat n
coffee n
coin n
coke n
cold a & n
collect v
college n
colour (Am color) n & v
come (came, come) v
comfortable a
common a
communicate v
communication n
company n
compare v
competition n
complete a & v
composition n
computer n
concert n
condition n
conference n
connect v
consider v
continue v
control v
conversation n
cook v & n
cooker n
cool a
copy n & v
corner n
correct v & a
cost v & n
cotton n & a
cough n & v
could modal v
count v
country n
countryside n
couple n
courage n
course n
cousin n
cover n & v
cow n
crayon n
crazy a
create v
cross v & n
cruel a
cry n & v
culture n
cup n
cut (cut, cut) v & n
D
dad (daddy) n
daily a, ad & n
dance v & n
danger n
dangerous a
dare v & aux v
dark a & n
date n
daughter n
day n
dead a
deaf a
deal v
dear a
death n
December n
decide v
decision n
deep a & ad
degree n
delicious a
dentist n
depend v
describe v
desk n
develop v
development n
dialogue (Am dialog) n
diary n
dictionary n
die v
difference n
different a
difficult a
difficulty n
dig (dug, dug) v
dinner n
direct a & v
direction n
director n
dirty a
discover v
discovery n
discuss v
discussion n
disease n
dish n
dismiss v
disturb v
divide v
do (did, done) v
doctor n
dog n
doll n
dollar n
door n
double a & n
doubt n & v
down ad & prep
downstairs ad
dozen n
draw (drew, drawn) v
drawer n
dream (-ed, -ed/dreamt, dreamt) v & n
dress n & v
drink (drank, drunk) v & n
drive (drove, driven) v
driver n
drop n & v
drug n
drum n
dry v & a
duck n
dumpling n
during prep
duty n
DVD n
E
each a & pron
ear n
early a & ad
earth n
east n, a & ad
easy a
eat (ate, eaten) v
edge n
education n
effort n
egg n
eight num
eighteen num
eighth num
eighty num
either a , conj & ad
elder a
electric a
elephant n
eleven num
else a
e-mail n & v
empty a
encourage v
end n & v
enemy n
energy n
engineer n
England n
English n & a
enjoy v
enough a & ad
enter v
environment n
eraser n
especially ad
Europe n
European a & n
even ad
evening n
ever ad
every a
everybody pron
everyday a
everyone pron
everything pron
everywhere ad
exam =examination n
examine v
example n
excellent a
except prep
excite v
excuse n & v
exercise v & n
expect v
expensive a
experience n
experiment n
explain v
express v
eye n
F
face n & v
fact n
factory n
fail v
fair a
fall (fell, fallen) v
family n
famous a
fan n
fantastic a
far(farther, farthest/further, furthest) a & ad
farm n
farmer n
fast a & ad
fat a
father n
favourite (Am favorite) a & n
fear n
February n
feed (fed, fed) v
feel (felt, felt) v
feeling n
festival n
fetch v
fever n
few pron & a
field n
fifth num
fifty num
fight (fought, fought ) v & n
fill v
film n
final a
find (found, found) v
fine a
finger n
finish v
fire n
first num, a & ad
fish n
fisherman n
fit a & v
five num
fix v
flag n
flat n
floor n
flower n
flu n
fly1 (flew, flown) v
fly2 n
follow v
food n
foot (pl. feet) n
football n
for prep
force v
foreign a
foreigner n
forest n
forget (forgot, forgot) v
fork n
form n
forty num
forward ad
four num
fourteen num
fourth num
fox n
free a
freeze (froze, frozen) v
fresh a
Friday n
fridge (=refrigerator) n
friend n
friendly a
friendship n
frog n
from prep
front a & n
fruit n
full a
fun n
funny a
furniture n
future n
G
game n
garden n
gate n
general a
gentleman n
geography n
gesture n
get (got, got) v
gift n
giraffe n
girl n
give (gave, given) v
glad a
glass n
glove n
go (went, gone) v
goat n
god n
gold n & a
golden a
good ( better, best) a
goodbye (bye-bye) interj
goose (pl. geese) n
government n
grade n
grammar n
grandchild n
granddaughter n
grandma = grandmother n
grandpa = grandfather n
grandparent n
grandson n
granny n
grape n
grass n
great a
green a & n
greeting n
ground n
group n
grow (grew, grown) v
guard n
guess v
guest n
guitar n
gun n
gym = gymnasium n
H
habit n
hair n
half a & n
hall n
ham n
hamburger n
hand n
handbag n
handsome a
handwriting n
hang (hung, hung) v
happen v
happy a
hard ad & a
hardly ad
hat n
hate v & n
have ( has, had, had) v
he pron
head n
headache n
health n
healthy a
hear (heard, heard) v
heart n
heat n
heaven n
heavy a
height n
hello (hi) interj
help v & n
helpful a
hen n
her pron
here ad
hero n
herself pron
hide (hid, hidden) v
high a
hill n
him pron
himself pron
his pron
history n
hit (hit, hit ) v
hobby n
hold (held, held) v
hole n
holiday n
home n & ad
hometown n
homework n
honest a
honour (Am honor) n & v
hope n & v
horse n
hospital n
hot a
hotdog n
hotel n
hour n
house n
housework n
how ad
however ad & conj
huge a
human a & n
humorous a
hundred num
hungry a
hurry v
hurt (hurt,hurt) v
husband n
I
I pron
ice n
ice-cream n
idea n
if conj
ill a
illness n
imagine v
immediately ad
important a
impossible a
improve v
in prep
inch n
include v
increase v & n
India n
Indian a & n
industry n
influence n
information n
ink n
inside prep
insist v
instead ad
instruction n
intention n
interest n
interesting a
international n
Internet n
interview n & v
into prep
introduce v
introduction n
invent v
invention n
invite v
iron n & v
island n
it prop.
its pron
itself pron
J
jacket n
January n
Japan n
Japanese n & a
jeans n
job n
join v
joke n & v
joy n
juice n
July n
jump v
June n
just a & ad
K
keep (kept, kept) v
key n
keyboard n
kick v & n
kid n
kill v
kilo = kilogram n
kilometre n
kind1 a
kind2 n
king n
kiss n & v
kitchen n
kite n
knee n
knife (pl. knives) n
knock v & n
know (knew, known) v
knowledge n
L
lab = laboratory n
labour (Am labor) n
lady n
lake n
lamb n
lamp n
land n & v
language n
large a
last a & v
late a & ad
laugh n & v
law n
lay (laid, laid) v
lazy a
lead (led, led) v
leader n
leaf (pl. leaves) n
learn (learnt, learnt) v
least n
leave (left, left) v
left a & n
leg n
lemonade n
lend (lent, lent) v
lesson n
let (let, let) v
letter n
level n
library n
license n
lie1 (lay, lain) v
lie2 v & n
life n
lift v
light n, v & a
like v & prep
line n
lion n
list n & v
listen v
little a
litter (less, least) v & n
live v
lively a
lock n & v
London n
lonely a
long a
look v & n
lose (lost, lost) v
lot n
loud a
love v & n
lovely a
low a & ad
luck n
lucky a
lunch n
M
machine n
mad a
madam = madame n
magazine n
magic a
mail n
main a
make (made, made) v
man (pl. men) n
manage v
manager n
many ( more, most) pron & a
map n
March n
mark n & v
market n
marriage n
marry v
master v & n
match v & n
math(s) = mathematics n
may modal v
May n
maybe ad
me pron
meal n
mean (meant, meant) v
meaning n
meat n
medical a
medicine n
meet (met, met) v
meeting n
member n
memory n
mend v
mention n & v
message n
menu n
metal n & a
method n
metre (Am meter) n
middle n
might modal v
mile n
milk n
mind n & v
minepron
minute n
mirror n
miss1 n
miss2 v
mistake (mistook, mistaken) v & n
model n
modern a
mom (Am mum) n
moment n
Monday n
money n
monitor n
monkey n
month n
moon n
more a , ad & n
morning n
most a & ad
mother n
motorcycle n
mountain n
mouse (pl. mice) n
mouth n
move v
movie n
Mr. (mister) n
Mrs. (mistress) n
Ms. n
much a
murder v
museum n
music n
must modal v
my pron
myself pron
N
name n
national a
natural a
nature n
near a
nearly ad
necessary a
neck n
need modal v, v & n
neighbour (Am neighbor) n
neither a
nervous a
never ad
new a
news n
newspaper n
next a & ad
nice a
night n
nine num
nineteen num
ninety num
ninth num
no ad & a
nobody n & pron
nod v
noise n
none pron
noodle n
noon n
nor conj
normal a
north a & n
northern a
nose n
not ad
note n & v
notebook n
nothing pron
notice n & v
November n
now ad
number n
nurse n
O
OK ad
object n
ocean n
October n
of prep
off prep & ad
offer v & n
office n
officer n
often ad
oil n
old a
on prep
once n , ad & conj
one num & pron
oneself pron
only ad
open a & v
operation n
or conj
orange a & n
order v & n
other pron & a
our pron
ourselves pron
out ad
outside n , ad & prep
over prep & ad
overcoat n
own a & v
owner n
P
P.C. = personal computer n
P.E. = physical education n
Pacific n & a
package n
page n
paint n
pair n
palace n
pale a
pa