1、Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天New words and expression 生词和短语prelude preljud n. 序幕,前奏prelude与介词to搭配表示“的前奏” key/ way/ answer的所有格用toa prelude to serious trouble 麻烦事的前奏omen mn n. 预兆;征兆 什么的征兆the omen of 用的是ofintroduction n. 导言,绪论 (连to) introduction to the bookpreface pref.s n. 序,前言 (连to) foreword n. 序
2、 (连to) preface 指作者或编者为说明全书的目的、范围、编辑方法等在序言之前写的一段简短的序文。introduction 普通用词,指任何作品开头对读者或听众说明或介绍该作品,起引导作用的结论部分,和全书内容是一致的。 Unforeseen nfsin a. 意料之外的foresee v. 预见,预知 (主语是人)foresee = see before hand / in advance I foresee a bright future for you.foreseeable a. 可预见的 unforeseeable 不可预见的 expected 意料之中的(生活中常用)for
3、etell v. (普通用词)预言(主语可用人和物)predict v. 预言,预示(1、语气比foretell强 2、主语是人)He predicts that it would happen in ten years.forecast v. 预测,预报 Timely snow foretells bumper harvest. 瑞雪兆丰年。 Fore前缀表示 1、前部的(空间),前面的(时间) 2、预先1、forehead forearm前臂 forefinger食指 foreword前言(写在书前面的话 前言) Forerunner 先驱,先兆 forefather祖先 foresigh
4、t 远见2、foresee forecast foretell forestall阻止(预先制止)series sriz; -rz n. 系列series 单复数同型 常见搭配a series of Weve got a series of good harvest. 我们取得了一连串的大丰收。chain n. 连串 连锁 a chain of 一系列 a chain of reaction a series of reactionchain store 连锁店 chain reaction 连锁反应succession skse()n 一连串,一系列 侧重指时间的顺序,强调时间的连续没有间隔
5、开a succession of failures 一系列的失败 Weve got a succession of successes. Sequence 一系列; 一连串series 指按照性质类似或基本相同的关系而安排的一系列事物。Chain指像链条一样连接在一起的一连串事物,有时彼此间含因果关系。succession 侧重一些类似的东西或事件一个接一个连续不断。sequence 多指时间、空间或事件等有规律、合乎逻辑的连续(衔接的次序)。可以是发生的先后顺序,也可以是逻辑顺序。string (本意是细绳、串)连续不断相似的事件(类似chain)a string of cars 一连串的汽
6、车catastrophe ktstrf n. 大祸,灾难这个词强调严重,波及范围广的灾难worldwide 世界范围的灾难 national 波及全国的灾难 ecologicalcatastrophe生態灾难catastrophic ktstrfk dj. 灾难的;悲惨的calamity klmt n.灾难(引起損失,可以是方方面面的损失)(官方正式用语)灾难,不幸事件(指令人痛心的,个人或社会的损失,往往指产生持久的广泛忧伤痛苦) eg: nature calamity 自然灾害calamitous klmts adj. 灾难的,悲惨的;不幸的disaster n. 灾难,不幸 (比cata
7、strophe 弱的多,但是用的很广,普通用词,指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡)misfortune n. 不幸 普通用词,多批较为严重的不幸,强调不幸多由外界因素所致。上节课学过acompletefailure,在这里换成catastrophe是否合适? 不合适,如果因为失误造成损失crockery krk()r n. 陶器;瓦器(陶器;瓦器;土器) 同义词(earthenware陶器;土器) 专八pottery ptri n. 陶器(黏土制成)(尤指手工制的);陶土; (六级)china 瓷器(白瓷)suburb sbb n. 郊区 (市郊,郊区;城市边缘)关于sub前缀的用法:1表示下 如:sub
8、way(地铁) /substructure(下层建筑)/subsoil(下层土)/ subnormal(低于正常的)2表示次、准、亚 如:subtropics(亚热带) / sub college(准大学)/ sub continent( 次大陆)(相对独立,一般指南亚次大陆,印度巴基斯坦,因为喜马拉雅山)3表示副、分支、下级、下属 如: subeditor(副编辑) / subagent(副代理人) /subhead (副标题)/ sub office(分办事处) 副的 associate professor副教授 associate director 副导演4表示接近的 如:subadul
9、t(接近成年的)/ sub teen (13以下) / subequal(接近相等的,约等于)5表示再 如:subdivide(再分)/ sublet(转租)/subculture(再培养)Urb=city urban adj. 城市的,都市的 urbanize 城市化 urbanization 都市化;文雅化Rural rr()l adj. 农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的Rustic rstk adj. 1、乡村的;2、纯朴的,质朴的;3、粗野的;手工粗糙的 n. 乡下人;乡巴佬Downtown a.&ad在市中心,往市中心(尤指商业中心区) n.市中心区;(市中)商业区 美式英语Up
10、town adj.&adv在(或向)市郊住宅区的;市郊住宅区的;富人区的 n. 住宅区,远离商业区的市区Collide klad 猛撞 ( vi. 碰撞;相抵触,相冲突 介词with vt. 使碰撞;使相撞)Titanic那一课 Collision kl()n n.碰撞collide vi碰撞, 抵触(相冲突) - Theplanecollidedwiththemountain.1、交通工具或人碰撞、相撞或撞上 (with sth/sb) 2、 (with sb) (over sth)(formal) (of people, their opinions, etc. 人、意见等) 严重不一致;
11、相冲突;抵触crash v.坠毁 指车辆、飞机等猛烈撞击障碍物、地面等,常伴有毁灭性的后果:(动词和名词性)- Itissaidthatthereisanairplanethatcrashedinthemountains.conflict vi. (两种思想、信仰、说法等)和某事(某人)相抵触(相冲突) - Myideaconflictswithyours.n 1、C, U (between A and B) | (over sth) 冲突;争执;争论2、(军事)冲突;战斗 clash vi.相冲突 - Hisweddingclashedwithmyexamination, soIcouldn
12、tgo.(以下释义全部都有动词和名词性) 1、(打斗 fight) (with sb) | (between A and B)(两群人之间的)打斗,打架,冲突 2、(争论 argument) (with sb) (over sth) | (between A and B) (over sth) 3、(差异 difference)差别;差异;分歧(同义词:conflict) 4、(两件事 of two events) (时间上的)冲突,矛盾 5、(颜色 of colours) 不协调;不和谐;搭配不当collide 多指带毁坏性的猛烈相撞,也可指严重的直接冲突。conflict 这个词以前可表具
13、体东西的撞击,现在常指冲突或对立。bump bmp主要指具体东西的有力碰撞,也可指碰到困难或障碍。clash 指有力的或带有金属碰击声的打、敲或相互冲击。 Learner ln 初学者;学习者 约等于 beginner a quick learner反义词 a old timer 老手student 普通用词,可指中学生,但主要指高等学校或专科学校的学生。learner 通俗用词,指某一门学问上的初学者,尤指成年的初学者。pupil 特指中小学生,尤其是小学生。scholar 可指一切学生,尤指学识渊博的某一学科的学者。panic n. 惊慌,恐慌 (n. 恐慌,惊慌 adj. 恐慌的 vt.
14、 使恐慌 vi. 十分惊慌)panic = uncontrollable quickly spreading fear or terrorget into a panic 陷入惊慌之中 He suddenly got into a panic and stopped his car.be seized by/struck in panic 惊慌失措He was seized with panic. 他突然地感到惊慌失措。terror n. 惊骇 horror n. 恐惧 fright n. 害怕 alarm n. 惊恐alarm 强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。panic 常指因突如其来
15、的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。terror 指极大的恐惧和惊骇,语气最强。dread 可与fear换用,着重害怕的心理,但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。horror 侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。fright 通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧,有时含夸张意味。fear 普通用词,侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。Windscreen wn(d)skrin 汽车挡风玻璃 windshield 美式windscreen wiper wap n. 擦拭之物;弧刷;擦拭者;手帕;风挡雨刷;刮水器,雨刷wipe wap vt. 擦
16、;消除;涂上 vi. 擦;打 n. 擦拭;用力打clean 是这些动词中最常用的词,指将某物或某处的污物等清除掉,弄干净。dust 指将积落在物体表面的尘土抹去、掸掉或擦去以保干净。wipe 多指用布、纸等物把东西擦净,也指擦掉某物。mop 侧重指用拖把擦洗地板,有时也指擦干净或擦去。sweep 指用扫帚等进行清扫,也用作比喻。Windfall 外快,意外之财Sunscreen 防晒霜,防晒油Alongside prep 在的旁边,与.并排(prep.在旁边,沿着的边;与一起,与并肩(工作),合作;与同时,共存; adv. 在旁边)Slide slad 滑 slid-slid(vi 滑动,滑行
17、;悄悄地溜到(快捷而悄声地移动);下跌,贬值 vt 使滑动 n. 滑动;滑梯;幻灯片;载玻片)slide block 滑块;滑架slide into 不知不觉陷入;不知不觉地沾染上snowslide 雪崩 landslide 山崩 mudslide 泥石流slip 滑倒,摔倒 v&n (指不自觉地、非主动地,偶然地滑动)。 Slip ones mind/memory 忘记,忘了Yournameisonthetipofmytongue,butitslippedmymind.你的名字就在嘴邊,可我就是想不起來。slide 通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动。stray stre a. 迷
18、失的,离群的 = lost vi. 迷失(通常与介词form 连用)(vi. 流浪;迷路;走失; adj. 迷路的;离群的 n. 走失的家畜;流浪者)The dog strayed from home. Stray lamb 迷途的羔羊 (Bible) The Silence of the LambsA stray bullet 流弹confusion knfju()n n. 混乱 confusion = condition out of order 词根: confuseadj.confused 困惑的;混乱的;糊涂的confusing 混乱的;混淆的;令人困惑的confusable 可能被
19、混淆的;可能被弄糊涂的vt.confuse 使混乱;使困惑in order 秩序井然 out of order 混乱in confusion 乱七八糟 fall into confusion 陷入混乱状态be covered with confusion 局促不安 throw sb. into confusion 使某人惊慌失措chaos 着重指令人无能为力或感到绝望的混乱状态。disturbance 主要指社会中政治性的动乱、骚乱;也可指个人或少数人的闹事。mess 语气强,口语中较常用的非正式用词。指既混乱又肮脏,尤指人思想混乱或外表不整洁。confusion 指东西搅混在一起,凌乱得难以
20、辨认;也可指思想混乱,以致无法进行正常的思维活动。greedily gri:dili 贪婪地 (贪婪地,贪吃地)词根 greed 贪婪,贪心adj.greedy 贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的n.greediness 贪吃;贪欲;嘴馋devour dva v. 狼吞虎咽地吃有三种意思:1. eat like an animal 狼吞虎咽 The dog devours the cake.2. destroy 吞灭,席卷 The flame devours the whole building. 火把整幢楼都吞没了3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind 贪
21、婪地看、听、读(急切地读,这个意思用的最多,如饥似渴)His eyes devoured the scene. 他两眼贪婪的看着这美丽的风景。Swallow vt.吞咽;忍受;吞没 vi. 吞下;咽下n. 燕子;一次吞咽的量Text 课文 背出全文首先 a day to remember 不定式作后置定语,有两层用法,可能只表示一种或两种都表示。1、不定式动词与被修饰的词有谓宾关系,此时要注意,如果不定式动词是不及物,一定要加介词2、不定式表示的动作时将要发生的动作 a new year to come. A husband to be3、要注意反射不定式和非反射不定式,反射不定式的逻辑主语为
22、句子的主语,这是反射不定式的定义要求。一是跟在某些形容词后作状语(此时它的逻辑宾语通常就是句子主语);The question is difficult to answer. 二是跟在某些名词后作定语(此时它的逻辑宾语通常就是它所修饰的名词)。I have some letters to write. There is nothing to do. 逻辑主语时人 There is nothing to be done. 逻辑主语是事We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong .我们都曾经历过诸事不利的日子。All 在这里做副词
23、adv.when 引导的定语从句修饰daysEvery dog has its day. 每个人都有飞黄腾达的日子。Go the wrong way/ go the right wayA day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.有时一天开始时可能还算顺利,但是突然间一切似乎都不可收拾了。Well enough注意enough的位置madenoughtodosth(very)foolish/sillyenoughtodosthget out of control = uncont
24、rollable = beyond control 失控 =lose control= get out of hand反义词 get into control be under control对什么的控制用介词ofeverything seems to get out of control = everything seems to be uncontrollable / beyond controlWhat invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same
25、moment.事情总是这样发生的:很多事情偏偏在同一时间出乱子。由what引导的主语从句。invariably = always What happened yesterday was that he couldnt deal with the hot potato. 昨天发生的事就是他没能应付这个棘手的人。Choose to do sth 选择做某事precisely = exactlyIt is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions.似乎一件小事情就会导致一连串的连锁反应。a chain of reacti
26、ons = a series of reactionsas if引导的系表结构。因为本身as if表达的意思就是“仿佛,就像”是一种状态,属性it is as if 似乎看起来it seems as if 似乎看起来it looks as if 似乎看起来set up = cause 引起,导致,造成 What set up the accident / trouble? Smokingsetsupachainofillnessesset up(= create) 创立,建立,创下set up a world record 创立一个世界记录The unimportant event is th
27、e prelude to trouble. 不重要的事情是麻烦事的前奏。Trigger off 引起,引发Led to= Bring about= give rise to= causeLet us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time.让我们假定你正在烧饭,同时又照看着孩子。letussuppose让我们来假设一下supposing= supposethat=letssay打比方說keep an eye on the baby 照料孩子keep an eye
28、on = look after = take care of Please keep an eye on my house while I am out.keep ones eyes open 睁大眼睛 When I am out, please keep your eyes open.have an eye to (如果用动词have就一定要跟介词to搭配)have an eye to the baby = keep ones eyes on the babyan eye for an eye 以牙还牙have eyes only for 只要,只爱 I have eyes only for
29、 you.look sb. in the eyes 两眼直视某人Dont look me in the eyes. 不要直直地盯着我看。eye to eye with sb. 与某人看法完全一致I invariably eye to eye with my sister. 我总是与我的姐姐看法一致。turn a blind eye to sth. 对视而不见He even turns a blind eye to me. make eyes at sb. 含情脉脉地看着某人The boy is making eyes at his girlfriend.The telephone rings
30、and this marks the prelude to unforeseen series of catastrophes.Mark 标志着 Thegreatvictorymarkedthearrivalofanewerabeanomenof;beasignofWhile you are on the phone, the baby pulls the table-cloth off the table, smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process.当你在接电话时,小孩把台布拉了下来,把最好的陶器打
31、碎了一半,同时手又被割破了。on the phone = answer the phone注意与介词off搭配的动词词组的意思:pull off 拉下来pick off 取下来 knock off 碰落下来smash half 摔成两半 in the process 在这个过程中 in the process of doing sthYou hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. (et cetera) itsetr 法语你连忙挂上电话,去照顾孩子,收拾陶器等等。hang up = put on the receiver 挂断电
32、话ring sb up 给某人打电话be on the phone/line 正在通话attend to = look after = deal with 照顾,处理注意attend to 的对象除了人以外,还可以是“商业上的东西”,todealwithbusinessorpersonalmattersTo attend to a customer招呼客人Please attend to my baby. 、。 Excuse me, I have something urgent to attend to. Attend on 侍候 Hehasmanservantsattendingonhim
33、.Wait on 侍候 某物或者某人 Meanwhile the meal gets burnt.meantime(adv.)inthemeantime(n.)atthesametimeI am burnt out (exhausted) 筋疲力尽Aburntchilddreadsthefire.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草繩As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.似乎这一切还不足以使你气恼得流泪,你丈夫回来
34、了,出乎意料地带着三个客人来吃饭。重点句型。这是个虚拟语气。reduce you to tears 迫使你流下眼泪reduce to变少;迫使,使处于,使成为(某种情况或状态)You almost reduce me to tears. 你快要让我流下眼泪来了。His comforting words almost reduced his wife to tears. 他安慰的话语让他的妻子几乎掉下了眼泪。His answer almost reduced me to silence. 他的回答几乎让我沉默了。The bomb reduced to the city to ruins. 这枚炸
35、弹将这个城市化为废墟。reducesbintodoingsth使某人做某事Thedesireforpowerreducedhimintoembezzlingpublicfound. 盗用公款Embezzle mbez()l; em- vt. 盗用;挪用;贪污We can draw a conclusion :Everything seems to get out of control suddenly and a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely at the moment.Troubles never come si
36、ngle. 祸不单行。Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.正如许多人最近在悉尼郊区的帕兰马塔见到的那样,搞糟的时期功能可能规模很大。on a big scale = to a great degree = to great extent scale skel n. 规模,范围(its size or extent, especially when it is very big);比例(比例尺);鳞;刻度;天平
37、;数值范围 vi. 衡量; vt. 测量;刮鳞;依比例决定onabig/smallscale在很大/小程度上(規模上) 注意介词用的是ononanation/worldwidescale在全國/世界範圍 (范围)as 引导非限定性定语从句as we know 众所周知As we know, the earth is round.As Brane pointed out, giving up smoking is the easiest thing to do in the world.As the headmaster mentioned, one is never too old to le
38、arn.正如这位校长所提及的,活到老,学到老。as,which都可以引导非限定性定语从句。但 as 重点突出整个句子的含义 ,而which有可能指代主句当中某个词的含义,也有可能指代整个句子的含义。 As 引导非限定性定语从句,可以用于主句之前,as和主句之间要有一个逗号分隔开来。As we expected, John was admitted to the university. 正如我们所预料的,John被这所大学入取了。As 引导非限定性定语从句,也可以用在主句之后,这时就相当于whichShe married him, which was unexpected. She marrie
39、d him as was unexpected. 但是在as所引导的非限定性定语从句中,如果运用的是被动语态结构,被动词可以省略。She married him as unexpected. (was省略)The material is elastic as shown in the figure. 如图显示,这种材料是富有弹性的。在这种情况下,shown之前省略了谓语动词,这时就不能把as换成which . 如果要用which 则要补上谓语动词。The material is elastic, which is shown in the figure. During the rush hou
40、r one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue.一天晚上,车辆最拥挤的时候,两辆车相撞了。两位开车人争论起来。during the rush hour 上下班的高峰期therushhourpeakhour/timerush-hourtrafficbecaughtin therushhour碰塞到車了The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner.原句 = it happened that the woman behind the
41、two cars was a learner.紧跟在两辆车后的那位女士又碰巧是个初学开车的人(实习司机)。Immediate: 立即的;直接的;最接近的 ( near,nextto) 一定注意,除了时间上,还可以表示位置上由最接近的,引申出“紧接的,紧邻的”,都可以表示时间和空间上的myimmediateneighbors我最近的鄰居 immediatecontact直接接觸the immediate heir to the throne 王位第一继承人 an immediate boss 直属上司heir e n. 法 继承人;后嗣;嗣子 inherit nhert vt. 继承;遗传而得i
42、mmediate contact 直接接触(重音) 外星人,病毒,细菌,辐射 radiation rede()n辐射;放射物Chernobyl power plant电厂 boron brn plumbum plmbm 铅 roentgen rntjn15000 roentgen(500伦琴是直接射死量) evacuate 疏散iodine adin; -an; -n 碘 (iodine pill) Graphite grfat 石墨 fission 裂变the neutron are too fast, its relatively unlikely that the uranium ato
43、ms will ever hit one another tmin RBMK reactor we surround fuel rods with graohite to moderate, slow down, the neutron trubine tban; -n 动力 涡轮;动力 涡轮机,汽轮机 blackout 断电reactor 反应堆 a safety taste pump can not move water through the core, without water the core overheats, the fuel melts down. Solution, th
44、ree diesel fuel backup generators. But the backup generators took approximately one minute to reach the speed required to power the pumps and prevent a meltdown uranium fuel 铀燃料 spit apart and collide 裂变 boron control rods 硼控制棒 reduce activity(最根本)positive void coefficient 正空泡系数 (水变蒸汽越多反应越快) water cool water takes heat out of the system xenon uranium breaks down into a new element(裂变成新原子) xenon ruduce reactivity poison the reactor正常情况运转下,裂变产生的中子。neutron burns the xenon away before it can cause a problem There are 211 control rods in reactor 4 they completely withdrew 205. Br