裕兴新概念英语第三册笔记29.doc

Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑？
New words and expressions 生词和短语
largely adv. 在很大程度上 comic adj. 喜剧的，可笑的
universal adj. 普通的 comedian n. 滑稽演员，喜剧演员
distasteful adj. 讨厌的 pester v. 一再要求，纠缠
dread v. 惧怕 recovery n. 康复
plaster n. 熟石膏 console v. 安慰，慰问
hobble v. 瘸着腿走 compensate v. 补偿
mumble v. 喃喃而语
L29_01_单词讲解
★ universal adj. 普遍的
eg：Love , a topic of universal interest. 爱情事人们普遍感兴趣的话题。
a universal truth 放之四海皆成的真理
eg：It is a universal truth that you think of nothing else if you don’t things if you do.
这是个普遍真理：没钱的时候你想的只有它，而一但有了钱，你就会想其它。
universal suffrage 普选权
be of universal significance 广泛的意义
universally adv.
It is universally true that…
★ distasteful adj. 讨厌的、让人倒胃口的、难吃的
a distasteful story
eg：It is distasteful to me to say so. 我很不愿意这么说。
a distasteful task / medicine 难完成的任务/难吃的药
★ recovery n. 康复
eg：Make a quick recovery from the influenza. 感冒之后很快就好了。
economic recovery / resurgence 经济复苏/复兴
recover program：a course of treatment for people who are addicted to drugs or alcohol 康复疗程（针对吸毒成瘾或酗酒的人）
★ console v. 安慰，慰问
to make someone feel better when they are feeing sad or disappointed
console sb with sth 用…来安慰某人
eg：The doctor consoled the little boy with the promise he would go back home to celebrate Christmas Day.
医生安慰小男孩并许诺他可以回家过圣诞节。
console oneself with…聊以自慰，以…自我安慰
eg：No matter how hard I tried to repair my computer, it refused to work. But I still consoled myself with the thought that even thee specialized may not put it right.
condole v. 吊唁
eg：Peter wrote to condole with his friend on his mother’s death.
Peter写信给他的朋友对他母亲的过世表示慰问。
solace v. （文雅的表达方式）
eg：He solaced himself with a book. 他从书中得到慰藉。
consolation n.
a word of consolation 一句安慰的话
consolatory adj.
a consolatory letter 安慰信 ； booby prize 安慰奖
★ hobble v. 瘸着腿走
to walk with difficulty, especially as a result of an injury to your leg or feet
hobble along 一瘸一拐地走
limp adj. / n. v.
adj. （not firm or strong）无力的
limp body
n. walk with a limp 跛行
v. limp to school 一瘸一拐去上学
lame adj. / v. （because of injury）
go / become lame致瘸了 ； lame duck 无能的人
cripple n./ v.四肢残疾
an offensive word for somebody who is physically unable to use their arms or legs properly
the disabled / handicapped 无能力者、残废者/ 残疾人
the deaf and dumb 聋哑人
★ compensate for v. 补偿
eg：His rise in status more than compensate for his loss of money.
eg：Only when you lose your health can you realize that nothing can compensate for it.
只有到失去健康时，你才能意识到健康无以弥补。
make up for
eg：Beauty can never make up for stupidity.愚蠢是无法靠美貌来弥补的。
atone（for）v.：
to do sth to show that you are sorry for having done sth wrong
弥补过失、赎罪
eg：Dimitri atoned for his behavior to make a hundred and one apologies.
Dimitri为自己的鲁莽行为而向他深表歉意。
★ mumble v. 喃喃而语
to say something too quietly and not clear enough so that it is difficult or impossible to hear 声音太小或听不清楚
murmur v.： to say something in a soft low voice which is difficult to hear
（清柔低沉的声音）喃喃
eg：The shy girl murmured thanks.害羞的小女孩轻轻地说了声谢谢。
a murmuring brook 溪水潺潺
mutter v. 生气或抱怨而低声说
eg：Students mutter continually about having too much homework.
学生们抱怨说家庭作业太多。
【Text】
What is the basis of ‘sick’ humour?
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from America, has recently come into fashion. It is cal1ed' sick humour '. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful. The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
参考译文
我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑，很大程度取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。譬如，法国人听完一则俄国笑话可能很难发笑。同样的道理，一则可以令英国人笑出泪来的笑话，俄国人听了可能觉得没有什么可笑之处。
大部分令人发笑的故事都是根据喜剧情节编写的。尽管民族不同，有些滑稽的情节却能产生普遍的效果。比如说，不管你生活在哪里，你看查理.卓别麟的早期电影很难不发笑。然而，近来一种新式幽默流行了起来，这种幽默主要来自美国。它被叫作“病态幽默”。喜剧演员根据悲剧情节诸如暴死，重大事故等来编造笑话。许多人认为这种笑话是低级庸俗的。下面是个“病态幽默”的实例，你可据此自己作出判断。
圣诞节前几周，某人摔断了右腿被送进医院。从他进医院那一刻时，他就缠住医生，让医生告诉他什么时候能回家。他十分害怕在医院过圣诞。尽管医生竭力医治，但病人恢复缓慢。圣诞节那天，他的右腿还上着石膏，他在床上郁郁不乐地躺了一天，想着他错过的种种欢乐。然而，第二天，医生安慰他说，出院欢度新年的可能性还是很大的，那人听后振作了精神。果然，除夕时他可以一瘸一拐地去参加晚会了。为了补偿住院这一段不愉快的经历，那人喝得稍许多了一点。在晚会上他尽情娱乐，一再告诉大家他是多么讨厌医院。晚会结束时，他嘴里还在嘟哝着医院的事，突然踩到一块冰上滑倒了，摔断了左腿。
L29_02_课文讲解
★ Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.
我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑，很大程度取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。
※ bring sb up 在那里长大
raise 扶养长大：
eg：The mother raised ten kids all her life.
nurse v. 哺育
eg：The mother cat refused to nurse the kittens.母猫坚决不给小猫喂奶。
rear 养 ； rear a large family 养活一家人
foster v. 养育; 培养; 抚育
：to take a child into your family for a period of time but without becoming his / her legal parents （非法律意义上的）单纯的认养
foster father / mother 干爸 / 干妈
adopt ：v. 采取; 吸收; 采纳; 过继, 收养（通过正常的法律来抚养）
to legally make another person’s kid part of your family 领养
adoptive father / mother 养爸 / 养妈
adopt son / daughter 养子/女
god-father 教父； god-mother 教母
※ whether
虽然从属连词whether 与if 意义相同，但当引导主语从句时，必须用whether，而不能用if.
eg：Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
到底他带给我们的是好还是坏还是个未知数。
whether 引导的从句也可做介词宾语（但if不行）
eg：It all depends on whether they have received good education.
这完全取决于她们是否受良好的教育。
引起不定是短语（也不能用if 替代）
eg：I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
whether by accident or design不知是有意还是无意
eg：Whether by accident or design, he is always there whenever I’m in need.不知是有意还是无意，在我还需要帮助的时候，他总会出现。
whether or not 是否
eg：I can’t decide whether or not to return home.我还不能决定是否回家。
※ depend on 依赖，依赖
to need support, help of somebody
eg：Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while the behavior of animals largely depends on instinct.
人的行为主要是学习的产物，而动物则更多依赖于本能。
eg：The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.
该国主要是依赖旅游业的收入。
rely on sb/ sth ：to trust somebody to do what you need or expect them to do 相信、信赖
eg：He is not a person you can rely on. 他不是个依赖的依赖的人。
it depends / that depends：to say you cannot give a definite answer
这都难说，的看情况
eg：It failure a good thing or a bad one？
The answer depends on who does it. 因人而异。仁者见仁，智者见智
★The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. 幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。
※ the sense of humor
the sense of responsibility / shame / priority / inferiority
责任感/ 羞耻感/优越感/ 自卑感
※ be bound up with 与…密切相关
→ to be closely connected with something
eg：People’s living standard is bound up with the prosperity of the country.
人民的生活水平同该国的繁荣昌盛息息相关。
eg：The future of a nation is bound up with the education of the young.
一个国家的未来同年轻人所受的教育是分不开的。
be bound to do 一定的，免不了
eg：On our road ahead, we are bound to meet with difficulties.
在我们前进的道路上注定了逃不了的困难。
be bound up in：be busy with
eg：She is bound up in her new job. 她现在正忙于自己的新工作。
abound v. to exist in large numbers充满、富于
abound with/ abound in
eg：The garden abounds with sails after a heavy shower.
一场大雨后，花园里许多蜗牛。
※ characteristic n. 特性、典型、个性
notional characteristic 民族特性
eg：A national characteristic of Chinese is self-contain.
中华民族的民族特性之一是独立自主。
character 个性特色、性格、质量
a man of good and noble character 一个有高尚人格的人
humor n. 体液（学者认为这种液体会影响性格）性格、性情、幽默
★ A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
譬如，法国人听完一则俄国笑话可能很难发笑。同样的道理，一则可以令英国人笑出泪来的笑话，俄国人听了可能觉得没有什么可笑之处。
※ find it hard to laugh at…
fail to see anything amusing in……
★ Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films.
大部分令人发笑的故事都是根据喜剧情节编写的。尽管民族不同，有些滑稽的情节却能产生普遍的效果。比如说，不管你生活在哪里，你看查理.卓别麟的早期电影很难不发笑。
※ national differences 民族的不同，民族差异
time / temperature differences 时差/温差
differential n. （收入）差额
scissors differential 剪刀差（成品国向原料输出国倾销成品）
※ Charlie Chaplin
Background notes：
Charlie Chapin （1889-1977）, a British film actor and director who worked mainly in the U.S. on humorous silent films during the 1920s. He usually appeared as a humorous character who has a small moustache, a bowler hat and a walking stick and who walked in a funny way with the backs of his feel together and his toes pointing out to the sides. His first film was Modern Times. And also there are a lot of other famous ones, such as City Lights, The Great Dictator, The Gold Rush.
★ However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from America, has recently come into fashion.
然而，近来一种新式幽默流行了起来，这种幽默主要来自美国。
※ however 语篇标志词，预示内容的出现。
※ stem from 源于：to have something as an origin
eg：His strong sense of inferiority stems from his unfortunate childhood.
他强烈的自卑感源自悲伤的童年。
eg：Correct decisions stem from correct judgment.
正确的决定源自正确的判断。
derive from：to come from something else 由…派生出来的
eg：Thousands of English words are derived from Latin and French.
成千上万个英文是由拉丁语和法语派生出来的。
※ come into fashion 流行起来
come into being / come into existence 开始存在（形成）
come into effect / force 开始生效
come into power / office 开始执政，就职
come into operation / flowers 开始运行/开花
come into a large fortune 继承一笔财产
★ it is cal1ed' sick humour '.它被叫作“病态幽默”。
※ sick humor 病态幽默
cold humor 冷幽默
★ Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents. I Many people find this sort of joke distasteful. The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.
喜剧演员根据悲剧情节诸如暴死，重大事故等来编造笑话。许多人认为这种笑话是低级庸俗的。下面是个“病态幽默”的实例，你可据此自己作出判断。
※ judge sth for oneself 自己判断
judge sb / sth from / by sth以…来评价，判断
eg：Don’t judge a person by his appearance. 不可以貌取人。
＝ eg：Don’t judge a book by its cover.
★ A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.
圣诞节前几周，某人摔断了右腿被送进医院。从他进医院那一刻时，他就缠住医生，让医生告诉他什么时候能回家。
※ from the moment（that）自从这一刻开始
eg：From the moment he caught sight of her, he found it hard to forget her smiling face. 自从见到他的那一刻开始起，他就发现很难忘记他的笑容。
for the moment / time being / present 眼下、暂时
★ He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.
他十分害怕在医院过圣诞。
※ dread v. 厌恶、害怕、担心
dread doing / to do sth
eg：At the thought that I’m going to have an interview tomorrow, I begin to dread. 一想到明天有一场面试我就担心害怕。
eg：He dreads to fly. 他怕乘飞机。
dread to think / dread to see 不愿想/不愿看到
eg：I dread to see him fail. 我不愿看到他失败。
★ Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.
尽管医生竭力医治，但病人恢复缓慢。圣诞节那天，他的右腿还上着石膏，
※ at Christmas 圣诞节期间
on Christmas Day 圣诞节（那天）
※ plaster n.熟石膏
have a leg / an arm in plaster 脚 /手上着石膏
plaster cast 石膏模（正骨）
get defeated ＝be defeated惨败
eg：I dreaded to think that our football team really got plastered last week.
我不愿提我们的足球队上星期时在输的很惨。
have stitches 缝合
have 3 stitches in his left leg
have sb in stitches：make sb laugh
eg：The sketches has us in stitches.小品真是笑死我们了。
★ He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.
他在床上郁郁不乐地躺了一天，想着他错过的种种欢乐。
※ spend time doing ：to pass or to use度过、用了
it takes sb sometime to do sth
in order to do sth to need time, or effort 为了某事而须花费时间精力
eg：We spent 3 days traveling there. 我们花了三天在那里旅游。
eg：It took us 2 days to get there.
★ The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good.
然而，第二天，医生安慰他说，出院欢度新年的可能性还是很大的，那人听后振作了精神。
※ chance 可能性（possibility）
stand a good / fair chance of 很有可能
eg：The following day will stand a good chance of being sunnt.
明天可能是个好天。
eg：Be nice to nerds. Chance are you’ll end working for one. （Bill Gates）
待那些小人物好些，到头来有可能你还会为她们打工。
have every chance to do sth 完全可能
eg：I dread to think that we have every chance to lose the game.
我不愿意去想我们完全可能失败。
have a fighting chance
have a small but real chance of success if a great effort can be made
eg：We know that there will be fighting chance for us to win our bitter enemy.我们知道会和我们的老对手之间有一拼。
※ in time for：early or soon enough刚好来的及
eg：I was just in time for the train.
※ in time 久而久之
eg：Don’t worry , things will be looking up to you time！
※ in time 及时
eg：A stitch in time saves 9.
in the course of time 时光流逝、岁月流逝
with the lapse of time 时光仍荏苒
as time passes by
as the time turns the page
★ The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him.
果然，除夕时他可以一瘸一拐地去参加晚会了。为了补偿住院这一段不愉快的经历，那人喝得稍许多了一点。
※ take heart 振作精神、恢复信心
recover confidence
cheer up
life one’s spirits精神为 之一振
eg：That good news surely lifted my spirits.
※ than 后省略了主语what
The man drank a little more than （what）was good for him.
eg：In order to keep fit, you oughtn’t to eat more than is good for you.
为了保持健康，您不应该吃的太多。
eg：I have done more than is required. 我做的比要求多。
★ In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
在晚会上他尽情娱乐，一再告诉大家他是多么讨厌医院。晚会结束时，他嘴里还在嘟哝着医院的事，突然踩到一块冰上滑倒了，摔断了左腿。
L29_03_复习
1. Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.
我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑，很大程度取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。
※ depend on 依赖，依赖