高中英语名词性从句详细讲解.doc

高中英语名词性从句详细讲解一.名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语和形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题二.名词性从句的含义及连接词名词性从句的含义:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类：1. that（无含义，不充当成分）2. whether, if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分）3. 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, which,whichever.（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语）连接副词：when, whenever,where,wherever, how, however,why（在从句中做状语）4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句）三. 四类名词性从句语法要点1.主语从句在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。it作形式主语：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。It is clear that he is innocent in the accident.很明显，他在这场事故中是无辜的。2. 宾语从句在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。it作形式宾语：在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型中，如果宾语是从句的形式，则必须用it做形式宾语，把真正的宾语即宾语从句置于句末。We found it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day.我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。3. 表语从句在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didnt come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。This is because he has been working hard these days.这是因为这些天他一直工作很努力。注意：because，as if 和 as though在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。4. 同位语从句在整个句子中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语的含义：在句子中，如果有两个名词，并且后一个名词是对前一个名词的解释说明，它们两个指的是同一个人或同一个物，那么，后面的名词就叫前面名词的同位语。例如：This is my friend, Tom.（Tom是my friend 的同位语。）可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等抽象名词。The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here我不知道你在这里。（that无含义，thatyou were here 指的就是idea，所以是同位语从句，不能省略that）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you？这本书给了你想法吗？（that指的是the idea，that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）四. 连接词that在名词性从句中可以省略的三种情况1.it 做形式主语，that引导主语从句时It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.据说他一直在国外学习。2.动词宾语从句中I think(that) you have much to improve in English.我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。3.形容词宾语从句中I am afraid (that) I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。