高中英语语法代词及练习.doc

第三讲代词
代词主要分为以下几类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词，指示代词, 疑问代词, 不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
1、人称代词
(1)在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。
You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.

(3)she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。
The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?
(4) it 指代baby
Look at that baby. It's lovely.
(5) It 作形式主语
It is wrong to build a chemical factory here.

2.物主代词
（1）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。 do sth. on one's own= do sth by oneself
（2）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
如： take sb. by the arm
3.反身代词
（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。
enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood
adapt oneself to seat oneself devote oneself to sth
4.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, ）
(1)为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
（2）such和same的用法。
(i). such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语。
Such was the story.
Such was Einstein, a simple man of great achievement.
(ii) such 修饰名词，做定语
I didn't expect to meet such great trouble in the work.
这家店出售手套，帽子和运动鞋之类的东西。______________________.
We have never seen such a tall building..=so tall a building

5、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）
(1)疑问代词与介词的连用
To whom did he give the message?
你为谁买的蓝西装？________________________
6、 不定代词
（1）some与any （都有代词的名词和形容词用法）,anyone, anybody
i)一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。
He has some Chinese paintings.
Do you have any questions to ask?
I don’t know any of the students/ any students.
any 用于否定句，包括否定副词
E.g. The man rarely writes to any of his friends.
特殊用法：
①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。
Any child can do that.（定语）
You may take any of them.（代词的名词用法）
②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。
Smith went to some place in England.（定语）
③在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。
Would you like some bananas?（邀请）

ii) any, anyone, anybody, anything
any one of+短语
I didn't know any (one) of the teachers there.
I didn't see anyone there.
---Whom do you want to interview?
--- Anyone.
(2)one
①one可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself. One should try one’s best to serve the people.
Could you show me a skirt? The green one, I mean.
ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，前面可以跟these, those
These books are more interesting than those ones.
(3) both and all
both可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。
This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.
Both of the boys are here.
We both are students.(同位语)
注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。
Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。
both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film. Both the /these boys are tall.

all指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。
All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。
I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。
That’s all for today.今天就在这儿。
They have all been to Xi’an.他们都去过西安。
注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。
None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。

（4）no one, nobody 和none
可以用 no one of 但是none of 更加常用。none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。
None of them speaks English well.
No one/ Nobody felt sleepy.
It's none of your business.
比较： Who is in the hall? Nobody./ No one.
What is there in the box? Nothing.
How much oil is there in the tank? None.
How many pupils are there in the room? None.

（5）each和every
each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。
Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)
Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）
Each of them has been there.（代词的名词用法）
The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（代词的名词用法）
We each got a ticket.（名词作同位语）
（6）either和neither
either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词
Here are two pens. You may take either of them. / Either will do.
Neither boy knows French./ Neither of the boys knows French.
注意：①either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（状语）②either与or构成连词，意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not…either”。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不……也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.
（7）other和another, the others 和others
the other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”
表示“其余（他）的……”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.
Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.
Some are singing, others are dancing.
another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。
This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)
Please give me another book.（定语）
注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one … another(a second)… a third…the other…意为“一个……一个……一个……一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…，意为“一些……一些……一些”。

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