高中英语语法-代词及练习题.doc

高中英语语法-代词代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1、人称代词（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下情况：在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代词（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。（2）ones own=.of ones own句式的转换。3.反身代词（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。4.相互代词（each other, one another）相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others 、one anothers ,作定语。一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。（1）指示代词this和that的区别。this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。（2）such和same的用法。such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story. We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）Whether he can do it or not, it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）6、疑问代词（who, whom, which, what, whose）疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。（1）who/what询问姓名或关系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。What is he？ He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。What is /are on the table? Who is/are in the library?(2)which与who、whatwhich表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。I found two books on the desk. Which is yours?7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8、不定代词不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。（1）some与any一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。He has some Chinese paintings. (定语) Some like sports, others like music. (主语) Do you have any questions to ask? (定语) I dont know any of the students.（宾语）特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.（定语） You may take any of them.（宾语）some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.（定语）在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Would you like some bananas? （邀请）Mum, could you give me some money? (请求)some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.（宾语）some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：There are some 300 workers on strike. Do you feel any better today?(2) one, both, allone作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是ones，反身代词是oneself.One should try ones best to serve the people.(主语、定语)This is not the one I want. (表语)one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens. Which one is yours, this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)Both of the boys are here.(主语) We both are students.(同位语)注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.Both the /these boys are tall.all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。Thats all for today.今天就在这儿。They have all been to Xian.他们都去过西安。注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：Not all the ants go out for food. (or: All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。（3）many和muchmany和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。（4）few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。（5）no和noneno=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。（6）each和everyeach（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）Each of them has been there.（主语） We each got a ticket.（同位语）The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）（7）either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)Neither boy knows French.(定语)注意：either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesnt like tea, and I dont either.（状语）either与or构成连词，意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither can I. neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.（8）other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”表示“其余（他）的”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.Some are singing, others are dancing.another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语) Please give me another book.（定语）注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one another(a second) a thirdthe other意为“一个一个一个一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。someothersothers，意为“一些一些一些”。代词（2010年各地高考题）1. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say _ for me?A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing2. If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _.A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves3. You are a team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.A. both B. either C. others D. the other4. Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one5. _ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something6. The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.A. that B. this C. it D. one7. On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.A. him B. his C. me D. mine8. Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.A. others B. the other C. another D. one other9. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.A. neither B. either C. each D. all10. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products.A. whatever B. who C. whichever D. which11. Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number.A of B as C by D with12. _ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.A. One B. All C. Everything D. AnythingCDCDB ACBBA CB代词（2009各地高考题）1. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.A. other B. another C. the other D. others 2. One of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health.A. what B . this C. that D. which3. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents.A. those B. one C. both D. that4. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _ of them.A. other B. any C. none D. some 5. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _.A. one B. it C. this D. that6. Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extra stress.A. it B. them C. one D. him BCDBBA代词（2008年各地高考题）1. Which of the two computer games did you prefer? Actually I didnt like _.A. both of them B. either of them C .none of them D .neither of them2. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.A. which B. what C. that D. the one3. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which_ of the parents spoke the language.A .none B. neither C .both D. each4. To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or _. A .neither B. some C .all D. both5. The two girls are getting on very well and share _ with each other.A little B .much C .some D .none6. Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?A .himself B .him C .itself D .it7. Our neighbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _when it fell from its nest.A .us; it B. us; itself C .ourselves; itself D. ourselves; it8. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.A .any other B .the other C. another D .other9. Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon? Sorry, lets make it _ time.A. others B. the other C. another D. other10. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A Anyone B .The one C. Whoever D. Who11. Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left.A. some B .none C .a little D. few12. How do you find your new classmates? Most of them are kind, but_ is so good to me as Bruce.A. none B .no one C .every one D .some one13. Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? Victoria Street?_ is where the Grand Theatre is.A . Such B. There C. That D. This14. Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and_ before you leave.A. something B. anything C .everything D. nothingBCBDB CBCCC BACC代词（2005-2007各地高考题）A组1. _ felt funny watching myself on TV.A .One B. This C It D. That2. The mayor has offered a reward of $5,000 to _ who can capture the tiger alive or dead.A .both B. others C anyone D .another3. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A. this B .that C .it D .these4. I dont mind her criticizing me, but _ is how she does it that I object to.A. it B .that C .this D .which5. To save class time，our teacher has _ students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework.A .us B .we C. our D. ours6. Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories.A .that B .those C. any D .some7. The book is of great value._ can be enjoyed unless you digest it.A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D .Anything8. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.A .it B .those C .one D .that9. I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _ else, it was hard to make out.A. none B. everyone C. someone D .anyone10. Which driver was to blame? Why, _ !It was the childs fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.A. both B .each C. either D. neither11. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so lets have _ one this month.A .the other B .some C. another D. other12. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A. As B .That C. This D .It13. Who called me this morning when I was out? A man calling _ Robert.A .him B. himself C .his D./14. The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A .that B .it C .this D .him15. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.A .it B .she C .which D .he16. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.A. others B .the other C .either D .another17. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _ in Perth, because I want to live near my Moms.A. one B. that C. it D. this18. You will find as you read this book that you just cant keep some of these stories to _. You will want to share them with a friend.A. itself B. yourself C. himself D .themselvesCCCAA AADDD CDBBA BABB组1. Have you heard the latest news? No, what _?A .is it B. is there C .are they D. are those2. What do you think of the performance today? Great! _ but a musical genius could perform so successfully.A. All B. None C .Anybody D. Everybody3. There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _? No, Id rather buy _ in the bookstore.A. it; one B .one; one C .one; it D .it; it