高中英语强调句型专题讲解.doc

强调句一、 强调句的基本结构及用法强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上 “正是”等字眼。其基本结构是： It + be的适当形式 + 被强调成分 + that (who) + 其他成分He bought the book in this shop yesterday.It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he)It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book)It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语in this shop)【注意】1.在该强调结构中，It无任何意义但不可以换成this或者that等。It is (was)that (who)为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。2.关于that与who当被强调部分指人时，可以用who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时）或者whom（被强调部分的人作宾语时)代替that；当被强调部分指物时通常用that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who. It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking abo ut当被强调部分是代词时，用who不用that。当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用when / where /why代替that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。1）It was only when I reread his poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty.A. untilB. thatC. whenD. so2）It was in Qingdao I saw the sea for the first time.A. whatB. thatC. whenD. which3）It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off.A. soB. so thatC. whyD. that 如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。It was from him, his chemistry teacher, that Paul learned to watch carefully in class.3.关于be的适当形式：在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式。 如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴 (一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，就用is。It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are.A. oneB. thatC. whatD. it如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴 (一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，就用was。例如:It was between 1989 and 1999 great changes took place in our hometown.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. because也可以根据需要用It may/might/must bethat/who; It must have been that/who如:It might be Sally that you are thinking of.It might be in the morning that he broke into the house. It might be his father that you are looking for.It must be John that/who will take part in the contest on behalf our class. It must have been her twin sister that you saw.4. 关于被强调成分。在强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语或宾语（名词、代词）、状语（介词短语、时间或地点状语从句或者because引导原因状语从句）等，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语（形容词或名词充当）、although 引导的让步状语从句、for, since, as引导的原因状语从句、if条件状语等。如： 强调主语、宾语。It is these poisonous products can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. A. whoB. thatC. howD. whatIt was how the young man had learned five foreign languages attracted the audiences interest.A. so thatB. thatC. whatD. in whichIt was the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET2000)A. oneB. thatC. whatD. it强调状语It was at the gate of our school that we gave the visitors a warm welcome. (强调地点状语)It was with great joy that he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home. (强调程度状语)It is by bus that Mary usually goes to school. (强调方式状语)It was three years ago that I came to this school. (强调时间状语)It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. (强调时间状语) It was because he loved my money that he married me. (强调原因状语) 注意：1. 强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that,不能用when, where, why 或 how。It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A. thatB. until C. beforeD. whenIt was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off.A. so B. so that C. why D. thatIt was where there had been a theatre they built a new modern school.A. whereB. in which C. thatD. so2.使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。比较下面的句子：1) It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (强调句型)It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)2) It was at 3 oclock that they came back. (强调句型)It was 3 oclock when they came back. (when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)3)It is for three hours that they have been back. (强调句型)It was three hours before they came back. (before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间) It is three hours since they came back. (since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)再如： It was raining when they came back.It is true that he once went to Canada.It is a surprise that Mary should have won the first prize.3.强调部分为介词短语：强调部分为介词短语时，应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项。表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别。1. It was through Jack Mary got to know Bob .A. whoB. whomC. howD. that2. It was great care that they did the job.A. forB. aboutC. withD. in3. It was on October 1st 1949 new China was founded .A. whichB. whenC. a D. that4. Was it in this palace the last emperor died?A. thatB. in whichC. in whereD. which4.特别提示：对“not.until.”结构的强调，要用 “It is/was not until.that.这一固定句”型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同时要注意不能使用倒装语序. It was back home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he goB. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didnt go 5. 关于主谓一致：在强调句型中，被强调部分是原句型的主语时，其形式必须与谓语动词的人称和数保持一致。It is your father that is wrong this time.It is he and his parents that have come to China.6. 人称对照：在强调句型中，如强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时,应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。It is they who will attend the medical conference. It was her that I saw in the street just now.【误】It is I who/ that is going to be sent there to help them.【正】It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them.【误】It was her that told me about it.【正】It was she that told me about it.【误】It is I who the teacher has punished.【正】It is me whom the teacher has punished.二、特殊形式的强调句结构1. 强调句的否定、疑问句形式以及感叹句形式。 强调句型的否定形式、一般疑问句形式、特殊疑问句形式、感叹句形式以及反意疑 问句形式： 否定形式： It was not in England that Olympic Competitions first started. 一般疑问句形式： Was/Is it + 被强调部分 + that+其他成分？ Is the girl in red who is your sister?例 1Was it during the Second World War he died?A. thatB. whileC. in whichD. then 例 2- Wasnt it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?- . A. I didnt know he wasB. Yes, it wasC. No, he wasntD. Yes, he did解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能： “Yes, it was.”或“No, it wasnt.”故选B. 特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词 + was/Is it +被强调部分 + that + 其他成分What is it that you want me to do?Who was it that told you the news？When was it that he first came to China? Where was it that you met her?How was it that he solved the problem?事实上，强调句型的特殊疑问句就是就陈述句中的被强调部分进行提问变化而来的。也就是强调部分为疑问词。当含有特殊疑问词的强调句型用在宾语从句中的时候，句型应改为 特殊疑问词 + it was(is) that +陈述句，即采用陈述句语序。(1)- Where was it the road accident happened yesterday?- In front of the market.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. how(2) I really dont know you returned the book to me.A. when it was thatB. when was itC. when was it thatD. when it was强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：疑问词 + 一般疑问句例 1. - I have nothing to confess. you want me to say?A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that 解析：此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列。What 引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中充当say的宾语。这是一个强调句型的特殊疑问句，被强调部分是what。故选A例 2I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesnt matter I am making toA who is it B who it is C it is who D it is whom解析 : who引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作介词 to 的宾语（应用宾格 whom，但在通常情况下，也可以用who代替whom）。并且，who it is（that）I am making to为强调句型。这是一个强调句型的特殊疑问句。被强调部分是who。故选B. 叹句形式： What/How + 感叹部分 + it was/is+ that + 其他成分！ What a wonderful time it was that we had at the part！ How good a student it is that I have！反意疑问句形式：强调句型的反意疑问句，后半部分的附加疑问句部分的主语和 谓语以及时态要与强调句型本身保持一致。It was at eleven last night that I knew the good news, wasnt it?强调句型的回答也应该使用强调句式。Was it you that told him about it?-Yes, it was. 三、强调句型与定语从句以及与主语从句等的辨析 强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句等相关句型混淆。引导定语从句的引导词that 或者 who，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，不可以去掉; that 或者 who 引导主语从句时，that 无任何含义也不充当任何成分但也不可以省略，who 引导主语从句并且在主语从句中充当主语也不可以省略。并且，that 或者 who 引导的主语从句经常置于句后，而在主语位置使用形式主语It。而强调句型中的 It is (was) that (who)为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整。这一点正是区分强调句型和定语从句以及主语从句的关键所在。a.与定语从句的辨析 It was in the lab that was set up by Mr. Smith that they finished the experiment.It was he who came from Hunan that won the first prize in the contest. b.与名词性从句的辨析 It is true that he once was a teacher.It was he said disappointed me.A. what; thatB. that; thatC. what; whatD. that; whatc.与 there be句型的辨析 is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. There; whether D. It; whether四、错误判断强调句的两种情况1. 将非强调句判为强调句。易混句型1：It be + 时间段 + since . 该句型中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态, since 引导的从句通常是 一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。例. That was really a splendid evening. It has been years I enjoyed myself so much.A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since易混句型2：It be + 时间点 + when . 该句型中的when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。Be 动词的时态没有明确限制，时间点前不加介词。例. Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock he arrived home.A. beforeB. whenC. thatD. until易混句型3：It be+段时间 + before .主句中be 动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态。主句中的表语多是long, not long , days , week等表示时间段的词或短语。例- How long do you think it will be China sends a manmade spaceship to the moon?- Perhaps two or three years.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. before比较：It was at ten oclock that he came back.It was after ten oclock that he came back.It was before ten oclock that he came back.再比较：It is autumn when leaves fall. It is in autumn that leaves fall. 2. 将强调句判为非强调句。有些强调句型由于句子本身有一定的特殊性，比如是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，强调句型情态动词或复杂时态等，强调句中的被强调成分过于复杂，强调句与其他从句混杂在一起，等等，这都可能掩盖强调句型的本来面目，从而导致误判。如：(1) When was that the general manager left for Japan?A. heB. itC. that D. since(2) It might have been John bought a present for Mary yesterday.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. which(3) It was what he meant rather than what he said annoyed me.A. whichB. asC. whatD. that(4) It was just in the room he was born he died.A. where, whichB. that, thatC. where, thatD. which, that(5) It was lack of money, not of effort, defeated their plan.A. whichB. asC. thatD. what5