高中英语被动语态专题讲解与练习.doc

Well begun, half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。
Grammar
Review the Passive Voice(复习被动语态)

★ 被动语态的基本形式:

英语中的被动语态由be done(vt.的过去分词) 构成。其人称、数和时态的变化通过be 的变化表现出来的。以实义动词do为例，在常见时态中，其被动语态的基本形式如下：
㈠ 谓语动词的被动语态
时态
被动（否定）
例句
1.一般现在时
am/is/are （not）done
Computer is used in our life.
2.一般过去时
was/were（not）done
The computer was bought last year.
3.一般将来时
will / be（not）going to be done
Lost time will never be found again. The meeting will be held tomorrow.
4.现在进行时
am/is/are （not）being done
What is being done to the machine? The plan is being discussed now.
5.过去进行时
was/were (not) being done
The door was being painted when I arrived there.
6.现在完成时
have/has (not)been done
The room has been cleaned up. You can take a break now.
7.过去完成时
had (not) been done
She said the boy had never been seen to go to school before she went there.
8.将来完成时
will (not) have been done
The bridge will have been finished by the end of this year.
9.过去将来时
would (not) be done
It’s said that his new novel would be published the next month.
10.过去将来 完 成 时
would (not) have been done
He promised that his debt would have been paid off by his birthday.
11.情态动词的被动语态
情态动词(not)
+be done/have been done
You should be praised for what you have done.
12. 关于get
get/got done
I got separated from my parents when shopping yesterday.

注：get/got done是一种特殊的被动语态，表示的是某种结果或状态，本身并不强调动作被执行。常见短语：get lost/ married/ paid/ hurt/ burnt/ broken/ drunk/ killed drowned/ cheated/ separated/dressed/ injured 等等。
eg: ① How did you get lost in the mountain？ ② They got married two months after their first sight.
㈡ 非谓语动词的被动语态
主动
被动
例句
to do
to be done
I’m proud to be chosen.
to have done
to have been done
He is said to have been fired.
v-ing
being done
The book is worthy of being read.
having done
having been done
Having been kept waiting for half an hour, I began to got angry.

★ 主动语态表被动意义的情况：
① 感官动词, 系动词feel, look, taste, smell, sound，prove，turn out等动词；
动词 read，write，sell, wash, clean, lock, dry, wear等表主语的属性特征；
表示开始，结束，运动的动词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等;
用作谓语时，句子主语含有被动关系，但并不表示动作被执行，故不需用被动语态。如：
1. What he said proved to be reasonable.
2. The water in winter feels cold.
3. Whatever my mother cooks taste delicious.
4. You hairstyle looks vary fashionable.
5. This pen writes well.
6. The door won’t lock.
7. The red coat of mine washes well.
8. The shop closes at 10 o’clock every morning.
9. The meeting ended in an friendly atmosphere.
② sb./sth. + be+ adj. to do , 此句中不定式to do 与主语sb./sth. 构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
The text is easy to understand. (The text is easily to be understood.)
The water here isn’t fit to drink.
③ 少数动词如 print, build, cook, hang, make 等用于进行时，主动形式表被动。如：
The book is printing. 这本书正在排印中。
The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮。
④ 不定式to do做后置定语，若该动作的执行者与句子主语一致，则可用主动表被动。如：
So many things to deal with, I’m very busy now.
So many things to be dealt with, the task seems harder and harder.
“Do you have something to be typed?” The secretary asked her boss.
“Do you have something to type?” The secretary asked the typist.
There are still many problems to deal with.
⑤ need, require, want, demand, deserve（应得到，应受到）, be (well) worth doing 中，doing主动表被动。如：
My hair needs washing.
Your right deserves protecting.
The movie is well worth watching again.
⑥ 介词 in，on， under…+ n. , 表被动意义。如：
The house is in the possession of Mr. Li.
The question is under discussion.
The big fire wasn’t under control until the firefighters arrived.
The goods are on sale at a low price than it was because of consumers' day.

★ 使用被动语态的注意事项：
（1） vi.+介 构成的固定短语相当于一个vt.，在被动句中，切记保留介词。如：
Fan Bingbing, is referred to as one of the most beautiful women in China’s show business.
The little girl is always taken care of by her neighbors.
Our time should be made use of to learn English well.
Good use should be made of to learn English well.
（2） 使役动词 make， let， have，及感官动词 see， watch， observe，look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel, 等可接省 to 的动词不定式做宾语补足语，变为被动句要带上to.
The workers were made to work for the boss .
The girl was seen to cross the street.

练习题：
1.Our house_____, 　 
   A. is getting paint　 B. is getting painted　
   C. is got painted　 D. has got to paint
2.He arrived in Beijing, where he _____ his friend. 　 
   A. was met by　B. was met　C. was meeting　D. met by
3.The war _____ in 1937 　
   A. was broken out　 B. had been broken out　
   C. has broken out　 D. broke out 
4.The mistakes in the exercises will _____ the teacher. 　 
   A. cross　B. be crossing　C. be crossed by　D. cross by 
5.My brother and I have __________her birthday party. 　 
   A. been invited　B. been invited for　C. invited to　D. been invited to 
6.It_______this way 　 
   A. is had to do　B. is had to be done　C. had to be done　D. has to do 
7.It__this way. 
   A used to do　B. used to be done　C. is used to do　D. is used to doing 
8._____Chaplin. 　 
   A. The child's name was called　
B. The child's name calls 
   C. The child calls　
D. The child is named 
9.The sports meeting____. 　 
   A. is put off　B. is to put off　C. is to be put off　D. puts off 
10.Mary realized she_________ 　 
   A. was making fun of　
B. was made fun 
   C. was being made fun of　
D. was being made fun 
11.______to say a thing in that way 　 
   A. It is considers wrong　
B. It is considered wrong 
   C. It is considered it's wrong　
D. It is consiedring wrong 
12.He ordered that the books _______ at once. 　 
   A. would be printed　B. would print　C. be printed　D. print 
13.The story ______ in China.  　 
   A. was taken place　 B. was happened　
   C. took place　 D. has been taken place 
14.The house _____ my parents 　 
   A. is belong to　B. belong to　C. belongs to　D. is belonged to 
15.He_______by his teacher. 　 
   A. happened to see　B. was happened to see 
   C. happened to be seen　D. was happened to be seen 
16.Great changes _____ in our province. Many tall buildings . 　 
   A. have been taken place, have been set up 
   B. have taken place, have been set up 
   C. have been taken place, have been set up 
   D. were taken place, were set up 
17.The hall's ____ but it's not yet ____ with lamps. 　 
   A. furnished, finished　
B. been finished, been furnished 
   C. being finished, being furnished　
D. set up, full 
18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town. _____ from here? 　
   A. Can it see　B. Can it be seen　C. Can it seen　D. Can see 
19.As soon as we got to the airport, we found that the plane_____. 　 
   A. had already taken off　
B. already took off 
   C. was already taking off　
D. was already taken off 
20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_________. 　 
   A. have now been rebuilding　
B. are now rebuilding 
   C. are now being rebuilt　
D. are rebuilt now 
21. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner． 
   A. are not kept；will have to　
B. are not kept；have 
   C. do not keep；will have to　
D. do not keep；have to
22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____and perfected now. 
   A. are developed　
B. have developed 
   C. are being developed　
D. will have been developed 
23. -- ____ the sports meet might be put off．　 　
-- Yes，it all depends on the weather． 
   A. I've been told　B. I've told　C. I'm told　D. I told 
24. I need one more stamp before my collection ___. 
   A. has completed　B. completes　C. has been completed　D. is completed 
25. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from
 the earth in the near future. 
   A. cut　B. are cut　C. are being cut　D. had been cut 
26. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month. 
   A. has been designed　
B. had been designed
   C. was designed　
D. would be designed 
27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. 
   A. breaks　B. has broken　C. was broken　D. had been broken 
28. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___. 
   A. have been taken place; have been set up
   B. have taken place; have been set up
   C. have taken place; have set up
   D. were taken place; were set up 
29. That suit __ over 60 dollars. 
   A. had costed　B. costed　C. is costed　D. cost 
30. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. 
--- What's the pretty small house that __ for? 
   A. is being built　B. has been built　C. is built　D. is building 
31.--- Do you like the material? 
--- Yes, it ___ very soft. 
   A. is feeling　B. felt　C. feels　D. is felt 
32. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
   A. write　B. to write　C. to be written　D. written 
33. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you． 
   A. to type　B. typing　C. to be typed　D. typed 
34. Take care! Don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily. 
   A. won't wash out　
B. won't be washed out 
   C. isn't washed out　
D. isn't washing out 
35. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___. 
   A. be put up　B. give in　C. be turned on　D. go out 
36. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith. 
   A. belongs　B. are belonged to　C. belongs to　D. belong to 
37. --- What do you think of the book? 
---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second time. 
   A. to read　B. to be read　C. reading　D. being read 
38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___. 
   A. catching　B. to be caught　C. being caught　D. to catch 
39. This page needed ___ again. 
   A. being checked　B. checked　C. to check　D. to be checked 
40. ___ many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises 
   A. Having taught　B. Having been taught　C. taught　 D. Teaching 

Keys 
1 B     2 A     3 D     4 C     5 D     6 C     7 B     8 D     9 A     10 C     
11 B    12 C    13 C    14 C    15 C    16 B    17 B    18 B    19 A    20 C     
21 A    22 C    23 A    24 D    25 C    26 B    27 C    28 B    29 D     30 A     
31 C    32 B    33 C    34 A    35 D    36 D    37 C    38 C    39 D     40 B