过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化.doc

(完整word)过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化
过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化
构成规则

构成
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（done）
1．规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1）、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）
work-—-worked—--worked，visit——-visited-—-visited
（2）、以不发音的“ e "结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live-——lived
(3）、以“辅音字母 + y "结尾的动词,将 "y” 变为 ”i” ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied,cry——-cried-——cried，
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed "。
stop--—stopped-—-stopped，drop———dropped—dropped
2。过去分词不规则变化表
一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个）
cost-cost—cost cut—cut-cut hit-hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let put—put-put read—read—read（read的原形和过去式、过去分词 读音不同[1]） set—set—set shut-shut—shut
二、A-B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个）
1．过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（4个）
bring—brought—brought buy—bought-bought think—thought—thought fight—fought-fought
2．词尾有—ild,-end时,只需把d变为t.（4个）
build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent
3．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个）
catch—caught—caught teach—taught-taught
4．把—eep、—eel变为—ept、—elt。（3个）
keep—kept-kept sleep—slept—slept sweep- swept—swept
5．把-ell变为—old.（2个）
tell—told—told sell—sold—sold
6．把—ell、-ill变为—elt或-ilt。（4个）
smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt- felt spill-spilt-spilt 
7．把—eed、-ead、—eet变为—ed或-et。（4个）
feed—fed-fed lead-led—led speed-sped—sped meet-met-met
8．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个）
learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt-spoilt
9．过去式、过去分词词尾去y变—id(4个）
say—said—said pay—paid-paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard-heard 
10．改变元音字母.（11个）
meet—met-met feed—fed—fed get—got-got sit—sat—sat find-found—found hold—held-held spit—spat—spat shine—shone—shone win-won—won hang—hung—hung dig- dug-dug lose—lost—lost 
11．改变辅音字母。（4个）
make—made—made build-built—built send—sent—sent spend-spent-spent
12．改变元、辅音字母.（4个）
leave-left—left stand—stood-stood have（has）— had-had understand—understood—understood
三、A-B-C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共37个）
1．i—a—u变化。（7个）
begin—began—begun drink-drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang-rung swim-swam—swum sink— sank—sunk spring—sprang-sprung
2．词尾为-ow，-aw时,过去式将其变为—ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个）
blow-blew—blown draw-drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew-known throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3．词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”,过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。(4个）（give，hide除外）
drive-drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode-ridden rise—rose—risen
4．过去分词在过去式后加n。（1个）
wake—woke—woken
5．过去分词由过去式加-ten构成.（2个）
get—got—gotten forget—forgot—forgotten
6．过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。(6个)
be—was（were)-been eat—ate—eaten fall-fell—fallen give—gave-given see—saw—seen hide—hid-hidden（hid)
7．词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加—n。（2个）
take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken
8．原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）
do—did-done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear-wore—worn
9．词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为—oke，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）
break—broke—broken speak-spoke-spoken
10．词中间为“oo+辅（1个)+e"或“ee+辅（1个）+e"，过去式将oo、ee变为o,过去分词在原形词后加—n。（2个）
choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen
四、A-A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。(1个）
beat—beat-beaten
五、A-B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。(3个）
1.词中间为“o+辅（1个）+e”时，过去式将o变为a.（2个)
come—came—come become-became—become
2。u—a—u变化。（1个)
run— ran—run
六、情态动词型，（除must外)只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个）
can-could may—might will—would shall—should must 既没有过去式也没有过去分词
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
arise arose arisen
awake awoke/awaked awoken
be was/were been
bear bore borne(携带）/born(出生)
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
befall befell befallen
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten/bit
bleed bled bled
blend blended blent
bless blessed blest
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcasted
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft
cling clung clung
clothe clothed/clad clothed/clad
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
crow crowed/crew crowed
cut cut cut
dare dared/durst dared
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelt dwelt
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbid forbade/forbad forbidden
forecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecasted
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
gainsay gainsaid gainsaid
get got gotten
gild gilded/gilt gilded
gird girded/girt girded/girt
give gave given
go went gone
grave graved graven/graved
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged
have had had
hear heard heard
heave heaved/hove hesved/hove
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
know knew known
lade laded laden
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean lesnt/leaned lesnt/leaned
leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit/lighted lit/lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
melt melted meited/molten
mistake mistook mistaken
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
outgrow outgrew outgrown
overcome overcame overcome
oversee oversaw overseen
pay paid paid
prove proved proved/proven
put put put
quit quitted/quit quitted/quit
read read read
rend rent rent
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
rive rived riven/rived
run ran run
saw sawed sawn/sawed
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn/sewed
shake shook shaken
shave shaved shaved/shaven
shear sheared sheared/shorn
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoe shod shod
shoot shot shot
show showed shown/showed
shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken
shrive shrove/shrived shriven/shrived
shut shut shut
sing sang/sung sung
sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
slink slunk slunk
slit slit slit
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
smite smote smitten
sow sowed sown/sowed
speak spoke spoken
speed sped/speeded sped/speeded
spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled
spend spent spent
spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled
spin spun/span spun
spit spat/spit spat/spit
spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled
spread spread spread
spring sprang/sprung sprung
stand stood stood
stave staved/stove staved/stove
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swell swelled swollen/swelled
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden/trod
upset upset upset
wake woke/waked woken/waked
wear wore worn
weave wove woven
weep wept wept
win won won
wind wound wound
work worked/wrought worked/wrought
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written