人教版新目标八年级下册英语Unit1知识点.doc

八年级下册Unit1 Whats the matter？知识点Section A1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题等，其后跟询问对象时与介词with连用。Whats the matter (with sb.)? = Whats wrong (with sb.) ?It doesnt matter 没关系 (回答别人道歉时的用语)2. have a cold=catch a cold 患感冒 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患病” have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛3.辨析too much/too many/much tootoo much，太多，(1) 修饰不可数名词 too much money(2) 修饰动词，放在动词之后 eat too muchtoo many, 太多, 修饰可数名词复数 too many studentsmuch too, 太, 修饰形容词或副词 much too cold4.enough 的用法(1) adj. 足够的,充分的,修饰名词,放在名词之前：enough time(2)adv. 足够地，十分，相当，修饰adj.或adv, 放在adj.或adv. 之后： expensive enough(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth. 足够去做某事 He is strong enough to carry the box.5.lie down 躺下来 lie过去式lay现在分词lying。6. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。with prep (反)without “具有， 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。7. see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生8. take ones temperature 量体温9. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？should “应该” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务, should not =shouldnt 不应该10.sound like 听起来像，后接名词或名词性短语作表语。It sounds like a good idea. 11. need v. 需要 做实义动词，用于肯定句:(1)当主语是人,用sb. need to do sth. 某人需要做某事 You need to drink more water.(2)当主语是物，用sth. need doing某事需要被做 My TV set needs repairing. 做情态动词，常用于否定句或疑问句 neednt = dont have to 没有必要must或need引导的一般疑问句, 肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao? No, you neednt/ dont have to. 12.take breaks=take a break休息13.away from 远离14.in the same way 用同样的方式/方法15. without doing sth. 没有做某事16. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）17. 24-year-old adj. 24岁的“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符连接，中间的名词必须用单数。18. without think twice 没有考虑，没有思考 think twice 再三考虑19. get off 下车(反)get on 上车20. expect to do sth. 期望做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事21. wait for 等待22. surprise v. 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的(以-ed结尾的adj.修饰人, 以-ing结尾的adj.修饰物。)be surprised at 对感到吃惊be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊讶 n. 惊讶 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是；in surprise 吃惊地 23. agree v. (反) disagree v.agree with sb. 同意某人 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 24. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人25.thanks to (+感谢的对象) 幸亏；由于thanks /thank you for (+感谢的原因) 因而感谢26. on time 准时 in time 及时 27.Its said that + 句子 据说28. think about 考虑；思考 think of 想起，认为 think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出29. right away 立刻，马上 = at once30. get into trouble 陷入麻烦（或烦恼） get into 陷入be in trouble 处于困境中32. fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落 fall down (from ) 摔倒，掉下，跌落 Section B1. feel sick 生病；不舒服辨析：sick /ill adj. 生病的(1) sick adj. 生病的，既可放系动词后作表语，也可放名词前作定语。be sick of 讨厌；厌恶 sick person = patient病人(2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放在系动词后作表语，be ill in hospital 生病住院ill illness n. 病；疾病2.tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事3. have trouble / problem / difficult (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难4. be interested in对感兴趣interest interest v. 引起关注；使感兴趣interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的 interested adj.感兴趣的 n. 兴趣 places of interest 名胜古迹5. be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做）某事use v. 使用useful adj. 有用的 use sth. to do sth 用某物做某事6.take risks = take a risk 冒险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事；风险做某事7. one of .之一one of + the +最高级 +名词复数 最的之一当one of 做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。8.lose lost v. 失去 lose ones life 失去生命 get /be lost 迷路9.because of 由于；因为，介词短语，后接名词或动词ing形式；because 因为，连词，后接句子；回答why引导的问句；because 和so 不能同时在一个句子中连用。10. find found v. 找到，发现find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难11. by oneself= alone = on ones own adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。12.run ran v. 跑 run out用完，主语是物，sth. run outrun out of = use up 主语是人, sb. run out of sth.13.own adj. 自己的，常用在形容词性物主代词后面，强调某人自己的； v. 拥有(= have) owner n. 所有者，物主14.be ready to do sth. 准备做某事15.cut off 切除16.so that 以便，为了 引导目的状语从句, 从句常出现情态动词may/ might .can/ could等。17.mean meant v. 意味着 meaning n. 意思mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事What is the meaning of.? .的意思是什么？18.get out of 离开，从出来与get 相关的短语：getup起床 getto到达 get back 返回geton上车getoff 下车getonwith与友好相处；19.important adj. 重要的（反）unimportant importance n. 重要性the importance of .的重要性20. decide v 决定 decision n. 决定decide to do sth. 决定做某事 make a decision = make decisions做决定 21. be in control of 掌管；管理22. so that 如此.以致,引导结果状语从句, so后面接形容词或副词23. keep on (doing sth.) 继续或坚持做某事24. the same as 和.一样 反义：be different from 与.不同25. die v. death n. 死，死亡 dead adj. 死的 dying adj. 将死的26. mind v. 介意 n. 头脑，想法，记忆make up ones mind 下定决心 never mind 不要紧mind doing sth. 介意做某事Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？27. give up 放弃 give up doing sth. =stop doing sth. 放弃做某事单元语法：反身代词1.反身代词的意义：表示动作反射到本身或强调自己的代词。意为“自己，本身，亲自”。2.反身代词的构成第一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成myself ，yourself ，ourselves ，yourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成:宾格+self/selveshimself ，herself ，itself ，themselves 3.反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍dress oneself 自己穿衣服hurt / cut oneself 弄伤/割伤自己look after oneself=take care of oneself 照顾自己(3)反身代词必须与句子中的主语保持人称和数的一致。