2021届高考英语二轮创新复习-专题一-第二节-推理判断题学案.doc

2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 专题一 第二节 推理判断题学案

2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 专题一 第二节 推理判断题学案

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第二节　推理判断题
[常见设问形式]
1．细节推理判断题
细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。呈现形式有：
·It can be inferred from the text that ________．
·It can be concluded from the passage that________．
·The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．
2．观点、态度推理判断题
该类型的命题常常以下列形式呈现：
·The attitude of the author towards somebody/something is________．
·The author's attitude towards...can be best described as________．
·The tone of this passage is best described as________．
3．写作意图推理判断题
该类型的命题常常以下列形式呈现：
·The main purpose of this text is________．
·What's the author's purpose in writing this article?
·It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ________．
·The author writes this passage to________．
·The author in this passage intends to________．
4．文章出处推理判断题
该类型的命题常常以下列形式呈现：
·This passage most likely comes from________．
·In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read the text?
·Where does the text most probably come from?
·From which is the text probably taken?
[正确选项特征]
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：
1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only，never，all，absolutely等；正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。
[干扰选项特征]
1．主观臆断：没有基于原文进行推断，而是根据常识推断。
2．过度推断：有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做评论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起。
3．错误推断：某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等。
4．细节代替推断：只是原文简单的叙述，而非推断出来的结论。　　　　　　　　

授课提示：对应学生用书第7页
题型1　逻辑关联得推论
　(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ·C片段)
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guilt­free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She's trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco­friendly.
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It's formal.　　　　　　 B．It's risky.
C．It's harmful. D．It's traditional.
[思维可视化]

[技巧点拨]
1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3．以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象。
题型2　文体特点看意图
　(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)
Whaley got the idea of this second­grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
26．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to________．
A．help students see their own strengths
B．assess students' public speaking skills
C．prepare students for their future jobs
D．inspire students' love for politics
[思维可视化]

[技巧点拨]
to entertain readers常见于故事类的文章；to persuade readers常见于广告类的文章；to inform readers多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章。从文体的写作特点来看：
记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。
广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。
说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。
议论文：提出论点－进行论证－得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。
题型3　忠于措辞判态度
　(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ·C片段)
And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would.”
29．What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother­in­law?
A．Positive. B．Carefree.
C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.
[思维可视化]

[技巧点拨]
1．注意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。
(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。
(2)要善于捕捉描写环境气氛，表达感情、观点态度和心理的词句来推断作者的观点态度。
(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。
2．牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语：
(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极肯定的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。
(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的。
(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的。
题型4　语言特色定出处
　(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e­spaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key...
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with...
In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard...The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary.　　　　　 B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
[思维可视化]

[技巧点拨]
1．知晓特定媒介的描写手法，如：日记往往涉及作者本人，往往涉及第一人称；旅游指南以介绍地方特色为主；小说具有迂回曲折的故事情节。
2．关注专用词汇：要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等专用词汇有基本的了解，根据专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。

授课提示：对应学生用书第9页
A
(2020·邯郸二模) Now，according to a recent Brigham Young University study，the amount of time between sunrise and sunset is the clear winner among other weather variables when it comes to improving your mental and emotional health.
In this unique study—which brought together a psychologist，physicist and statistician—the researchers explored how someone's mood is linked to weather and associated factors such as sunshine，cloudy days，temperature，rain and pollution.The study found that people are more likely to report mental trouble during shorter days with less sunshine.
It is generally believed that hot days，rainy days or days with thick pollution would make one feel more down and depressed.But the study came up with a surprising finding.It found that more than any other factor，reduced sun hours could increase mental distress(痛苦)while soaking up in sun makes things all right.
The results highlighted that the duration(时长)of the daylight was more significant in influencing people's moods than the amount of sun rays being absorbed.
“On a rainy day，or a more polluted day，people assume that they'd have more distress.But we didn't see that.We looked at solar irradiance(太阳辐照度)，or the amount of sunlight that actually hits the ground.We tried to take into account cloudy days，rainy days，pollution...but they washed out.The one thing that was really significant was the amount of time between sunrise and sunset，” said professor Becker in a press release.
Many studies have attempted to explore the link between the weather and its effect on one's mood，but the results were not conclusive.For this study，many important reasons were taken into account—making the research an improvement to the previous ones.
The study concluded that public health should plan on effective strategies that can prevent emotional distress during periods when the sun time is less，such as in winter months.
[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文，最新研究表明，日出日落之间的时间长短比各种天气以及人们接收的日照量更能影响人们的情绪。
1．What will affect your emotion most according to the new study?
A．The surroundings.
B．The amount of sunshine.
C．The weather conditions.
D．The duration of sunlight.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study found that people are more likely to report mental trouble during shorter days with less sunshine.”以及第四段内容可知，这个新研究发现：日照的时间长短是影响人们心情的主要因素。
答案：D
2．Why does the author think that the new finding in Paragraph 3 is surprising?
A．Because it is a conclusion of three scientists.
B．Because it is different from the general belief.
C．Because it is too difficult to understand.
D．Because it is affected by so many factors.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段描述，普遍观念认为，炎热天气，阴雨天气，或污染天气使人情绪低沉，感到沮丧，而新发现令人惊奇，是因为它发现：相对于其他因素而言，日照时间越短越会令人精神苦闷。
答案：B
3．Which season benefits people's emotion more according to this study?
A．Spring.　　　　　 B．Summer.
C．Autumn. D．Winter.
解析：推理判断题。这项研究表明：影响人们精神和情绪的主要是日照时间的长短。根据文中最后一句“...that can prevent emotional distress during periods when the sun time is less，such as in winter months.”也可判断出，夏季对人们的精神和情绪最有好处了。
答案：B
4．What is the purpose of this new study?
A．To find ways to prevent depression.
B．To know more about the weather.
C．To provide strategies for public health.
D．To find how the weather affects mood.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，许多研究都想探索天气与情绪之间的关系，这个新研究考虑了许多重要因素，使得它在以往的基础上有所改进。所以，这个新研究的目的仍然是探索天气对情绪的影响。
答案：D
B
(2020·衡水四调)Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun，according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers，some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives，and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report's key findings，“the proportion(比例)who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13­year­olds and 9 percent of 17­year­olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children，ages 2－8，remain largely the same.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined，from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading，the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e­readers and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently，compared to infrequent readers，have more books in the home，more books purchased for them，parents who read more often，and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches，and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近)ahead，parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。据周一公布的Common Sense Media 的一份报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。
5．What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A．Children's reading habits.
B．Quality of children's books.
C．Children's after­class activities.
D．Parent­child relationships.
解析：推理判断题。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们的阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。
答案：A
6．Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”？
A．In Paragraph 2.　　 B．In Paragraph 3.
C．In Paragraph 4. D．In Paragraph 5.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“the proportion who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13­year­olds and 9 percent of 17­year­olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today”可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。
答案：B
7．Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A．E­books are of poor quality.
B．It could be a waste of time.
C．It may harm children's health.
D．E­readers are expensive.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心孩子们看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。
答案：C
8．How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A．Act as role models for them.
B．Ask them to write book reports.
C．Set up reading groups for them.
D．Talk with their reading class teachers.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.”可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们做重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也就是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读。
答案：A