表语从句和宾语从句-高中英语--高三英语.ppt

名词性从句1.RelatedConception(相关概念相关概念)1.名名词:表示人或事物的名称的表示人或事物的名称的词叫名叫名词。2.名名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名名词在句中主要作主在句中主要作主语、宾语、表、表语和同位和同位语。TheboyisliMing.主主语表表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主主语同位同位语宾语2.在英在英语的句子的句子结构中，本来构中，本来该由名由名词充当的主充当的主语、宾语、表、表语和同位和同位语，由一个句子来充当，由一个句子来充当,这个句个句子就叫名子就叫名词性从句。性从句。什么是名什么是名词性从句性从句?名名词性性从从句句主主语从句从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句从句(TheObjectClause)表表语从句从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位同位语从句从句(TheAppositiveClause)3.Explanation1.名名词性从句是由性从句是由等充当等充当连接接词所引所引导的从句的从句,可以充当可以充当_,从句用从句用_语序序Explanationif,whether,that,what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever,when,where,why主主语,宾语,表表语,同位同位语陈述句述句4.2.时态1)主句用一般主句用一般时态,从句可以用从句可以用_.2)主句用主句用过去去时,从句用从句用_.3)从句从句说明的如果是一般真理或明的如果是一般真理或客客观事事实,用用_.一般一般现在在时过去去时中的一种中的一种各种各种时态5.宾语从句从句6.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.Idontknowwhoallthesepeopleare.ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.Pleasetellmewhereshelives.在句中充当在句中充当及物及物动词,介介词或某些形容或某些形容词宾语的句的句子叫做子叫做宾语从句。从句。找出下列句中的宾语从句7.Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.Iamafraidhewontcomeontime.Heaskedwhosecaritwas.8.What和that1.What和和that在引在引导名名词性从句性从句时的区的区别：所引所引导的名的名词性性从句中是否缺主从句中是否缺主语，表，表语或或宾语汉语意意义能否省略能否省略what that缺缺不缺不缺什么；什么；所所的的东西西无意无意义否否宾语从句从句中能省略中能省略9.1)Ithink_itisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.2)Hismotherissatisfiedwith_hehasdone.3)_hewasabletocomemadeushappy.4)_hegavemeisabook.5)Thisis_makesusinterested.6)Thereasonwas_Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundnotebefore.thatwhatThatWhatwhatthat10.注意一：注意一：thatthat在从句中不充当任何成在从句中不充当任何成分，在口分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但以下几种情况省去。但以下几种情况that不可省：不可省：1.如果从句是并列句如果从句是并列句时,第二个及以第二个及以后的分句前后的分句前thatthat不可省不可省.Weallthink(that)sheisworkinghardandthatshewillsurelygotoagoodcollege.（）11.Allthedoctorsinsistedhewasbadlywoundedandheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart.that that12.2.that引引导的的宾语从句只有在从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介等少数介词后偶后偶尔可能用到。此可能用到。此时that不可省略。不可省略。e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong判断正判断正误并改并改错：1.Thereasonliesinsheworksharderthantheothersdo.2.Theybelieveinthattheymuststillbesingle.3.IknownothingabouthimexceptheislivinginBeijing.that that13.Who和whoever,what和whatever，which和whichever2.Who和和whoever，what和和whatever,which和和whichever的区的区别：名名词性从句性从句让步状步状语从句从句WhoWhoever表表“无无论谁”Whatwhatever表表“无无论什么什么”Whichwhichever表表“无无论哪一哪一个个”表表“谁”表表“的任何人的任何人”表表“什么什么”，“所所的（的（东西事情）西事情）表表“的任何的任何东西西”表表“哪一个哪一个”表表“任何一个任何一个”14.1)Idontknow_willhosttheparty.2)Ibelieve_takespartinthecompetionwilltryhisbest.3)Canyoutellme_youdliketoorder?4)Justdo_youlike.5)Idontknow_isyours.6)Thatsjust_Iwant.whowhoeverwhatwhateverwhichwhat15.Whether和if3.Whether和和if的区的区别:1)引引导宾语从句，位于及物从句，位于及物动词后后_2)只能用只能用whether的情况：的情况：二者可替二者可替换引引导主主语从句并在句首从句并在句首时；引引导表表语从句从句时；引引导从句作介从句作介词宾语时；从句后有从句后有”ornot”时；后接后接动词不定式不定式时；16.Idontknowwhether/ifhewillcome.()Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.()Areyoutalkingaboutifhewillcome?()Hedoesntcarewhetheritisntafineday.()注意二：在注意二：在宾语从句中，表示从句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether,也可以用也可以用if.if.但是，但是，whetherwhether常与常与or notor not连用；作介用；作介词宾语只用只用whether;whether;从句是否定句从句是否定句时一一般用般用if;whetherif;whether可用于不定式之前可用于不定式之前_whether_if17.1)_thereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.2)Thequestionis_sheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.3)Italldependson_theskywillclearup.4)Iamnotsure_Illcomeornot.5)Hecantdecide_toby.6)pleasetellme_youllgotothelecturestomorrow.WhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf/whether18.Hedidntsay_ornothewouldbestayinghere.A.thatB.ifC.weatherD.whetherHedoesntknow_togotoBeijingornot.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whetherDidshesayanythingabout_wecouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether19.4.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引引导的否定性的否定性宾语从句中，要把上从句中，要把上述主句中的述主句中的动词变为_，即将从，即将从句中的句中的转移到中移到中1)Wedontthinkyouarehere.我我们认为你不在你不在这儿儿2)Idontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会我相信他不会这样做做否定式否定式否定形式否定形式主句主句20.注意三：注意三：宾语从句中的否定从句中的否定转移移我我认为认为他不会来他不会来这这里里.Ithinkhewontcomehere.()Idontthinkhewillcomehere.()如果如果宾语从句是由从句是由think,believe,imagine,think,believe,imagine,supposesuppose等等词引引导的的时候，要将从句中的否定候，要将从句中的否定形式形式转移到主句中去。移到主句中去。我我认为认为他不会他不会对对我撒我撒谎谎的的.I_he_me.我我认为认为我我们们不不应该应该借借钱给钱给他他.I_we_himmoney.dontthinkwilllietodontthinkshouldlend21.在在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等等动词以及以及Imafraid等后，可用等后，可用so代替一个代替一个肯定的肯定的宾语从句，从句，还可用可用not代替一个否定的代替一个否定的宾语从句从句(指代上文涉及之事指代上文涉及之事)：e.g.一一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?你你认为天气会天气会转晴晴吗?一一Ibelieve_.我我认为会会这样。Idontbelieveso.(或或_.)我我认为不会不会这样。注意四：注意四：soIbelievenot22.注意五：注意五：宾语从句中用从句中用it作形式作形式宾语Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.如果主句中有形容如果主句中有形容词或名或名词作作宾语补足足语时，一般用一般用itit来作形式来作形式宾语，把从句放在，把从句放在宾补后面。后面。thatthat不能省不能省.believe,consider,feel,find,make,think我我觉得你放弃得你放弃这份工作是不明智的份工作是不明智的.Ithink_unwise_.itthatyougiveupthejob23.他他们要使公众明白他要使公众明白他们做的是一做的是一项重要的工作重要的工作.他把每天早上他把每天早上锻炼身体作身体作为一个一个规定定Hemakes_arule_everymorning.itthathetakesexerciseTheywanttomake_cleantothepublic_itthattheydoanimportantjob.=24.Ithoughtthathefailedtocallmestrange.=Ithoughtstrangeitthathefailedtocallme25.注意六注意六:宾语从句的从句的时态：(1)(1)主句主句谓语动词是一般是一般现在在时态，宾语从句根从句根据句意可用任何据句意可用任何时态。(2)(2)主句的主句的谓语动词是一般是一般过去去时，宾语用相用相应的的过去去时态。(3)(3)宾从是客从是客观真理真理时，只能用一般，只能用一般现在在时态。语序序问题：从句用从句用陈陈述述语语序序26.宾语从句的从句的时态和和语序序1.Couldyoutellmeifit_tomorrow?A.rainsB.israiningC.willrainD.rain2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_intheeast.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.risen27.3.Peterknew_.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis28.4.Couldyoutellme_?A.whereisthenearestrailwaystationB.wherethenearestrailwaystationwasC.wherethenearestrailwaystationisD.wherewasthenearestrailwaystation29.5.Ireallydontknowifshe_itwhenshe_.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives30.6.Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought31.注意七注意七.关于关于doubt肯定句中肯定句中doubt后跟后跟if/whether，否定，否定句中句中doubt后面跟后面跟that.sb.doubtsif/whether.sb.doesntdoubtthat.Thereisno/somedoubtthat._（毫无疑（毫无疑问）hewillwinthegame.Thereisnodoubtthat32.whether/ifItisdoubtful_heiscoming.改改错：Idontdoubtwhetherhecanworkouttheproblem_whetherthat33.注意注意八：八：在在动词suggest,insist,order,advise,require等后的等后的宾语从句中，从句中，谓语用虚用虚拟语气气shoulddo的情况的情况:34.1.Thegeneralorderedthattroops_(setoff)atonce.2.Hesuggestedthatwe_(buy)dictionaries.3.Iinsistedthathe_.(他他应该向我道歉向我道歉)4.Hisfacesuggeststhathe_(look)worried.5.Heinsisthe_(be)astudent.6.Itissuggestedthatwe_totheparklater.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.hasgone(should)setoffislooks(should)apologizetome(should)buy35.ExerciseExercise一一单项选择）Aftervisiting,EnglishfriendstoldusBeijingwasquitedifferentfrom_theyhadheardofand_itwasasbeautifulasCanvey.A.that;howB.what;thatC.that;/D.how;what2)Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor_hethoughtwasnotenough.A.whereB.howC.whatD.whichBC36.3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_itwas20yearsgao,_itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that4)_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;thatAA37.5)Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howexcitedtheywereB.howtheywereexcitedC.howweretheyexcitedD.theywerehowexcited6)Theymake_arulewhoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.A.itB.whatC.thatD.thisAA38.7)Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that8)Goandgetyoucoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethereA.B39.9.I dont know_we can live on the island without any food.A.where B what C how D that10.Could you tell me _?A Where is the part?B Whos on duty?C Whose book is this?D What are they doing?11.The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun.A moved B moves C move D moving12.Could you tell me _?A if he would come tomorrowB will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrowD If he comes tomorrow13.I did nt know that Mr.Smith _yet.A.Has returned B has returned C had returned D returned BBCCC40.用合适的用合适的连接接词填空填空1.WangHaitoldme_hedidntgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Canyoutellme_elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_itwouldntmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks_hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydontknow_thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）whywhothathowhowsoon41.6.Theydontknow_wearegoinghiking.（whether,which)7.Shewantedtoknow_hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.(if,that)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat_Isaw(that,what)9.Idontknow_somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.(why,how)10.Doyouknow_shirtitis?(whose,what)if/whetherif/whetherwhatwhywhose42.11.Herodehiscarat_Ithinkisadangerousspeed.12.Imnotsure_hecanpasstheexam.13.Imnotsure_hecanpasstheexamornot.14.Icantfigureout_quiteanumberofinsects,andanimalsaredyingout.15.Shealwaysthinksof_shecanworkwell.16.Mydoubtis_hecanpasstheexam.whatthatwhetherwhyhowwhether43.三完成句子Thisweekendsomeforeignstudentswillcometoourschoolandhaveawonderfultimewithus.Wehaventknown_（英语角何时何地召开）bynow.Iheard_（一些来自牛津大学的学生将和我们交谈）Mydoubtis_（我们的主要话题是什么）._（对英语感兴趣的所有学生）iswelcome.Youcanask_（你想问的一切问题）.whenandwheretheEnglishcornerwillbeheld(that)somestudentsfromOxforduniversitywilltalkwithuswhatourmaintopicisWhoeverisinterestedinEnglishWhateveryouwantto44.句型句型转换转换1.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.（改（改为宾语为宾语从句）从句）Pleasetellme_.2.Whatdoeshedo?Doyouknow?（改（改为宾语为宾语从从句）句）Doyouknow_he_?3.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.（改（改为宾语为宾语从句）从句）Heaskedtheboys_they_friedchicken.whenthetrainarriveswhatdoesif/whetherwanted45.4.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idontknow.（改（改为宾语为宾语从句）从句）Idontknow_thewatch_madeinShanghai.5.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tomsmotheraskedhim.（同（同义义句）句）Tomsmotheraskedhim_totrysomethingnew.if/whetherwasif/whetherhewanted46.6.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改（改为为否定句）否定句）I_this_agoodidea.7.Lucyhasntdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改（改为为复合句）复合句）Lucyhasntdecided_buy.8.IdontknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改（改为为简单简单句）句）Idontknow_tothehospital.dontthinkiswhichtrousersshewillhowtoget47.The reason is not true.The reason is the bad weather.The reason is that it is raining.The problem is puzzling.The problem is when we can get a pay rise.ThePredicativeClause48.表表语从句：从句：定定义：在句中充当表在句中充当表语的从句的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面后面)叫做表叫做表语从句。从句。可以接表可以接表语从从句的句的连系系动词有有be,look,remain,seem等。等。1.Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.2.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthepeople.3.ThatsjustwhatIwant.ks5u精品课件49.用做表语的从句叫表语从句位置：位置：一般放在系一般放在系动词be,后后.The problem is thatwehavelittlemoney.That is whathewantsustodo.That is whereshegothermastersdegree.50.ThePredicativeClause1.that引引导的表的表语从句从句that仅起起连接作用，无意接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。常不可省略。这种从句往往是种从句往往是对主句主主句主语的内容起的内容起进一步解一步解释的作用。的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether引引导的表的表语从句从句连接接词whether起起连接作用，接作用，意意为“是否、究竟、到是否、究竟、到底底”（注意：（注意：if不能引不能引导表表语从句从句)在句中也不作任何在句中也不作任何成分。成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherthatmanwillturnupintime.51.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引引导的表的表语从句从句连接代接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中除在句子中起起连接作用外，接作用外，还可在从句中从当主可在从句中从当主语、表、表语、定、定语，且各有各的，且各有各的词义。e.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.TheproblemiswhomIcanturntoforhelp.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.52.4.where,when,why,how引引导的表的表语从从句句连接副接副词where,when,why,how除在除在句中起句中起连接作用外，在从句中接作用外，在从句中还充当充当时间、地点、方式、原因状、地点、方式、原因状语，本身，本身具有具有词义。e.g.ThatswhereIcantagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.53.表语从句的连接词(四大类)1.that 引导的表语从句,本身无意义,但不能省略.2.whether 引导的表语从句意为:“是否”.不能 用 if 替代.3.what,which,who,whom,whose可在表语从句中充当“主语,宾语,定语,有自己的词义.4.where,when,why,how 在表语从句中可充当时间,地点,方式,原因状语.54.1.The mothers question was that she has no time to look after her daughter.2.The question is whetherthat boy will turn up in time.3.Tom is no longer what he used to be.4.That is where I cant agree with you.无义是否.的样子的地方55.4)Thisis_Iwaslatethismorning_Iwasbornin1971_Iworkedouttheproblem.whywherehow56.注意一：一些引注意一：一些引导词的用法的用法1.that在表语从句中,又。Thefactisthathehasntyetrecoverfromillness.Thereasonwhyhehastogoisthathismotherisillinbed.既不充当成分既不充当成分比比较在定语从句中的用法。There are some films that Id like to see.She is the only one among us that knows French.结论:that 在引引导定定语从句从句时,指事物,也可指人,在从句中作主作主语或或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。（一）（一）that的用法的用法没有意没有意义57.6.Theyrealize_itisofgreatvaluetorecordthetradition.7.TheresultofsomuchFrenchinfluencewas_theEnglishlanguageendedupwithmanyFrenchwordssuchastable,animalandage.The problem is thatwehavelittlemoney.A plane is a machine that can fly.The book that I have read is very good.The boy that is reading the book is Jim.The girl that we saw yesterday is Lily.thatthat58.2.当主句的当主句的主主语为reason,或者是或者是由由why引引导的从的从句句时,与它与它们相关的表相关的表语从句从句用用_,而不而不能用能用_引引导;because引引导表表语从句从句时只能用于只能用于_句型中句型中.如如:ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.that来引来引导becauseIt/That/Thisis/wasbecauseThereasonIhavetogois_ifIdont.A.thatshewillbedisappointedB.becauseshewillbedisappointedC.onaccountofherbeingdisappointedD.thatshewillbedisappointingA59.3)Itwas_heworkedhardthathesucceeded.A.becauseB.sinceC.asD.forA2.Thereasonforhisbeinglateis_hemissedthebusthismorning.Thereasonwhyhedidntcomeisbecausehewasill._becausethat_that60.1.Icantimagineyoucansewthispieceofclothwithoutaneedle.2.Thereasonforhisbeinglateis_hemissedthebusthismorning.3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.sothat/不填不填thatB61.一些引一些引导词的用法（二）的用法（二）What在表语从句中充当表示_.1.Thequestioniswhat caused the accident.2.Thatmountainisnolongerwhat it used to be.3.Thatwaswhathetoldyou.主主语、宾语或或 表表语什么什么 ,或所或所的（人的（人,事事,话，样子等）子等）另：另：what 不引不引导定定语从句从句62.1whathesaiddisappointedme.2Acomputercanonlydo_youhaveinstructedittodo.3amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.whatwhat63.1_madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat;becauseBWhat;thatCThat;whatDthat;because2PeoplehaveheardwhatthePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtosee_hewilldo.AhowBwhatCwhenDthat64.3-Areyoustillthinkingabutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.Awhatmakesmefeelexcited.BwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutCHowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited_iswaitingformeismybrother.Who65.Americawas_wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.thatB.whereC.what3.LittleTommywasreluctant(a.不情愿的不情愿的,勉勉强的的)totelltheschoolmaster_hehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whereD.whatCD66.1.Thediscussiontopicfortodayis_schoolswillbelikeinthefuture.what67.Choose the right answer5)Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whyAmericawas_wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.thatB.whereC.whatAC68.高考链接1.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.(2003北京春季北京春季)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcitedA解析解析：这是由是由what引引导的一个表的一个表语从句，在从句，在从句中充当主从句中充当主语，这句句话的意思的意思为：那是使：那是使我感到我感到兴奋的事。故答案的事。故答案为A。69.4.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.(2002上海春季上海春季)A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that解析解析:这是一个是一个宾语从句从句,wants后面缺少后面缺少宾语,Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句是一句谚语,意思是意思是永永远给予他人他确予他人他确实想要想要的的东西西。故答案。故答案为A。A70.7._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,whatA71.10.Itwas_hesaid_disappointedme.A.what,whatB.that,thatC.what,thatD.that,whatC72.3.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthats_ittakestodoanythingwell.(2002上海春季上海春季)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why解析解析:what在表在表语从句中作从句中作takes的的宾语,构成构成Ittakessth.todosth.的句