2022版高考英语一轮复习-第1部分-人与自我-主题群1-生活与学习-主题语境3-健康的生活方式、积.doc

2022版高考英语一轮复习 第1部分 人与自我 主题群1 生活与学习 主题语境3 健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度教案

2022版高考英语一轮复习 第1部分 人与自我 主题群1 生活与学习 主题语境3 健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度教案

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主题语境(三)　健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度(2)

阅读理解
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·B)
Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries，strawberries are highest in vitamin C，although，because of their seeds，raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质)，iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein)．Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质)．The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares？However，they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits，frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick，cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”．For this purpose，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks，depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer，you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries of sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft­serve” creamy dessert，to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party；they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，人们爱七月，因为七月是收获的季节，各种浆果和核果喜获丰收。那么如何加工和食用这些果实呢？这些果实各自又含有哪些营养成分呢？
1．What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A．They contain protein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antioxidants.
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句可知应该选C项，樱桃很美味。have a pleasant taste与be so delicious表义相同。]
2．Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A．To make them smell better.
B．To keep their colour.
C．To speed up their ripening.
D．To improve their nutrition.
B　[细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”可知，把新鲜的柠檬汁挤到香蕉上会防止它变色。]
3．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert.　　　　 B．A drink.
C．A container. D．A machine.
D　[词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文中的“...they love feeding...into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.”可推断出，juicer应该是“榨汁机”的意思。]
4．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook.
B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper.
D．A travel brochure.
B　[文章出处题。全文主要介绍了一些七月成熟的果实以及这些果实的营养成分等，而这自然与健康饮食有关，介绍这类内容的文章应该是刊载在健康杂志上的。]
阅读七选五
A　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 1 Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided.
2 More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc. Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3 So，slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 4 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example，you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 5 You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties，some planned，but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A．This can affect your work.
B．So how should you motivate yourself?
C．However，this should not discourage you.
D．So why should we try to set specific goals?
E．They can change according to circumstances.
F．Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G．Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了激发动力的方法：要对自己有正确的评价；需要判断你的动机的质量和深度；设定现实的目标。
1．G　[词汇锁定法解题。空格前有motivation and goal setting，而且说它们是同一枚硬币的两面，缺一不可，由此可知此处讲动力与设定目标的关系，故G项“没有动力，你既不能设定目标也不能实现它”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。]
2．B　[关联逻辑法解题。根据空格后的“更进一步说，你如何保持动力达到目标？”可知，空格处为比此句层次稍浅的提问，B项“那么你应如何激励自己？”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。]
3．A　[关联逻辑法解题。空前说，有时候你的心思不在工作上，这样会导致“影响你的工作”的结果，故选A。本设空类型属于细节理解类。]
4．E　[词汇锁定法解题。根据空格前的goals are flexible可知，目标是灵活的，故E项“它们可以根据情况而改变”与之对应。本设空类型属于细节理解类。]
5．C　[关联逻辑法解题。根据空格前举的例子，想当飞行员，但视力不够好，你不能因为视力不够好就泄气了，你得把自己当飞行员的目标换一下，重新设定一个目标，选项C“然而，这不应该使你气馁”与之对应。本设空类型属于细节理解类。]
B　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact，the key to easy morning wake­up lies in resetting your body clock. 6 Here's how to make one.
· 7 In order to make a change，you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
·Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider rearranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family，save some time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags. 8 That's a quarter­hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
·Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you're tired out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found.
9
·Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you've tried a new method for a week，take a look at your record.
10 If not，take another look at other methods you could try.
A．Get a sleep specialist.
B．Find the right motivation.
C．A better plan for sleep can help.
D．And consider setting a second alarm.
E．If the steps you take are working，keep it up.
F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake­up time，no matter the day.
G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。很多人觉得早上起床很困难并将其归咎于闹钟。其实，要想早上轻松起床，关键是要调整自己身体的生物钟。具体如何做呢？一起来看看作者给出的锦囊妙计吧！
6．C　[解本题可利用句意判断法。空前提到要调整身体的生物钟，那么如何调整呢？空后的“Here's how to make one.”中one又指什么呢？浏览各选项，只有C项“一个更好的睡眠计划会有所帮助”符合上下文语境。本设空类型属于过渡句类。]
7．B　[解本题可利用设题位置法。显然，该空应填本段的主题句。由本段中的“为了作出改变，你需要决定为什么它很重要”及“一旦你清楚了自己的理由……”等描述可知，你要想清楚为什么要早起，故选B项“找到合适的动机”。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。]
8．G　[解本题可利用词汇锁定法。由空后的bought a coffee maker可锁定G项“重新考虑你用在咖啡馆排队买咖啡的15分钟”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。]
9．F　[解本题可利用句意判断法。由本段首句可知本段主题是“在周末要坚持(执行)你的睡觉和起床时间表”，与此主题符合的只有F项“坚持你设定的就寝和起床时间，不管是哪天”。本设空类型属于段落总结类。]
10．E　[解本题可利用关联逻辑法。本段讲的是每周要记录并评价你的计划，如果有效，就继续坚持，如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。由空后的If not也可直接锁定E项。本设空类型属于细节理解类。]
完形填空
(2020·浙江7月卷)
I've been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.
One morning I 　1　 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 　2　，so I jumped out of the tractor to 　3　 it while Don stayed in his seat.
Lamb and mother 　4　，I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 5 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 6 Don had somehow made the 7 move.
My heart froze in my chest as I 8 the tractor heading towards the
9 .I ran desperately but failed to 10 .It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 11 thing I saw was Don's face，looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth，I 12 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 　13　 against the crash barrier in the central reservation，having miraculously(奇迹般地)crossed the 　14　 road with fast­flowing traffic. I couldn't see Don，but as I
15 the tractor he jumped out onto the road，apparently 16 ，and dashed back to me.
The police 17 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my 18 —it turned out no one got badly hurt，but the outcome could have been 19 .Don was given a special 20 that night—I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在救助羔羊后发现拖拉机滑动，差点酿成大祸，而这场意外的“罪魁祸首”是他的狗Don。
1．A.dropped 　 B．spotted　
C．carried　 D．returned
B　[根据语境可知，一天早上，我发现了一头迷路的羔羊，故选B项。spot“发现，看见”。]
2．A.kids B．friends
C．owner D．mother
D　[根据第三段开头“Lamb and mother”可知，羔羊与母亲分开了，故选D项。]
3．A.ask about B．play with
C．tend to D．run into
C　[根据语境可知，我跳下了拖拉机，去照看羔羊，而我的狗Don留在了拖拉机的座位上。tend to是固定词组，表示“照管，照看”。]
4．A.freed B．switched
C．reunited D．examined
C　[根据上文的“The lamb had become separated from its ________”可知，羔羊与母亲团聚了，故选C项。]
5．A.unexpected B．dangerous
C．embarrassing D．difficult
A　[根据上文的“to see it move suddenly”和下文的“I had put the handbrake on”可知，我看见拖拉机突然动了，而我之前是拉了手刹的，所以这让人非常意想不到，故选A项。]
6．A.Fortunately B．Generally
C．Immediately D．Obviously
D　[根据上下文可知，我认为这很明显是Don造成的，因为当时只有它在拖拉机上，故选D项。]
7．A.lamb B．vehicle
C．seat D．fence
B　[此处的vehicle指代上文一直提到的我的拖拉机(tractor)。]
8．A.saw B．stopped
C．remembered D．drove
A　[根据语境可知，我看到我的拖拉机朝着高速公路移去。]
9．A.crowd B．motorway
C．field D．hill
B　[参见上题解析。文中第二段的“a motorway”亦是提示。]
10．A.take off B．catch up
C．hold back D．get out
B　[根据上文的“but”和下文的“It crashed...disappeared”可知，我竭尽全力去追赶我的拖拉机，但没追上，故选B项。]
11．A.real B．best
C．basic D．last
D　[根据语境可知，我看到的最后的东西就是坐在拖拉机上的Don的脸，故选D项。]
12．A.fixed B．noticed
C．reached D．closed
C　[根据下文的“looked over”可知，我来到栅栏边查看我的拖拉机，故选C项。]
13．A.resting B．running
C．parking D．turning
A　[根据上下文可知，拖拉机正靠在高速公路中央隔离带的防撞护栏上，故选A项。]
14．A.steep B．long
C．rough D．busy
D　[根据下文的“fast­flowing traffic”可知，这是一条繁忙的高速公路，故选D项。]
15．A.abandoned B．approached
C．recognized D．repaired
B　[根据语境可知，我没有看到Don，但当我靠近拖拉机的时候，它一下子跳到了马路上。approach“靠近”。]
16．A.unclean B．uncertain
C．unhurt D．unhappy
C　[根据上文的“jumped out”和下文的“dashed back to me”可知，Don明显没有受伤，故选C项。]
17．A.arrived B．replied
C．survived D．waited
A　[根据下文和常识可知，警察到了，故选A项。]
18．A.ability B．dream
C．luck D．idea
C　[根据上下文可知，这场意外并没有造成任何的人员伤亡，这是我的幸运，故选C项。]
19．A.common B．confusing
C．desirable D．awful
D　[这场意外的后果本可能会很糟糕，故选D项。]
20．A.meal B．test
C．job D．lesson
A　[根据下文可知，我给Don提供了特殊的晚餐，故选A项。]

Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思
1．abundance n．充裕，丰富
2．jewel n. 宝石；珠宝
3．powerhouse n. 精力充沛的人，
身强力壮的人；强大的集团(或组织)；强国
4．slice n．(切下的食物)薄片，片
5．shake n. 摇动；奶昔
vt. 动摇；摇动；震动；握手
6．purpose n．意图；目的；用途；目标
7．squeeze v. 挤压；捏；_(从某物中)榨出，挤出，拧出
8．commitment n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身
9．analyze v．分析；剖析
10．flexible adj. 灵活的；易弯曲的
11．circumstance n. 环境；状况
12．reassess v. 重新考虑；再次评价
13．ample adj. 足够的；丰裕的
14．rearrange v．重新安排
15．timer n. 定时器；计时器
16．desperately adv. 拼命地；绝望地；极度地
17．reunite vt. 使重聚；使再结合
18．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语写出英文单词
1．remove v. 移开；拿开；去掉；从……
机构开除； 脱去(衣服等)；摘下
2．lack n．& v．缺乏；匮乏；短缺
3．weakness n. 虚弱；衰弱； (系统、
性格等的)弱点，缺点，不足
4．desire n．& v. 愿望；欲望；渴望
5．schedule n．计划表，进度表，日程表 v. 安排，预定
6．spot n. 地点；斑点 v. 认出；弄脏
7．approach v. 走进；与……接洽；临近
n．方法，方式；接近；接洽；(某事的)临近
8．outcome n. 结果；成果
9．awful adj. 可怕的；糟糕的；使人敬畏的
Ⅲ.根据所给提示写出派生单词
1．ripe adj. 熟的，成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen v. 使成熟→ ripeness n. 成熟；老练；完成
2．freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冷冻的；冷藏的→freezer n．冰箱；冰柜
3．imagine v．想象→imaginary adj. 想象中的，假想的，虚构的→imaginative adj.富有想象力的→imagination n．想象，想象力
4．deep adj.& adv.深的；深深地→depth n．深度→deeply adv.强烈地；深刻地→deepen v．加深；深化
5．measure v. 测量；度量；(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为 n. 措施；方法→measurable adj. 可测量的；重要的
6．equal adj.平等的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等
7．fail v. 失败；不及格；未做；未履行(某事)；衰退→failure n. 失败的人(或事物)
8．obvious adj. 明显的；显然的；易理解的→obviously adv. 显然，明显地
Ⅳ.根据所给汉语写出惯用习语
1．slow_down 减速
2．put_the_blame_on 归咎于……
3．stick_to 坚持；忠于
4．keep_in_mind 记住
5．put_the_handbrake_on 拉上手刹
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．Students have the freedom to focus on whatever topic or subject that they are interested in and study it in depth through the Internet.
2．A scientist, as well as a writer, must be creative and imaginative(imagine)．
3．It is you as well as your wife that are to_blame(blame) for your son's bad performance at school.
4．As scheduled(schedule), we participated in several instructive activities.
5．With the Spring Festival approaching(approach)，a good many rural workers began to return home.
6．The exercise obviously (obvious)will improve strength and endurance.
7．Failure can never defeat me but only increase my desire to_succeed (succeed)．
8．He failed again, but his repeated failure never discouraged him. He never admitted he was a failure.
9．Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.

Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries of sliced fruit. 把……放进(机器)
2．The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat. 照管；照看
3．The tractor was resting against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously crossed the busy road with fast­flowing traffic. (使)倚靠
Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)
1．Out comes a “soft­serve” creamy dessert，to be eaten right away.
[译文]　很快一份柔滑的“软冰淇淋”甜点就制作出来了，马上可以吃了。
2．But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found.
[译文]　但最近的一项研究发现，在周末进行补觉实际上会让你在下一周更加昏昏欲睡。
Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)
1．This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
[分析]　本句是一个由分号连接的并列句。第二个分句中主语是they; 谓语是love，宾语是由and连接的feeding和watching短语。
[译文]　这可以成为孩子们聚会时的有趣活动；他们喜欢把水果和冷冻香蕉放进机器的顶部，然后看着冰淇淋从它的下面出来。
2．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
[分析]　本句是一个简单句。不定式短语to analyze...作表语，keeping...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[译文]　另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，记住你的信仰、价值观和优势。
3．One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land.
[分析]　本句是使用when引导的时间状语从句，near where 引导定语从句。
[译文]　一天早晨，我发现了一只迷路的小羊，当时我就在田野的高处，附近有条高速公路穿过我的土地。
4．Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.
[分析]　本句Lamb and mother reunited是独立主格结构，only to see it move suddenly away from me表示预料之外的结果。
[译文]　小羊和妈妈团聚了，我转回身向拖拉机走去，结果却看到它突然从我身边开走了。

1．purpose n．意图；目的；用途；目标
(1)for/with the purpose of 目的是……；为