2022届高考英语一轮复习-模块三-千变万化的动词-第5讲-非谓语动词讲义教案.doc

2022届高考英语一轮复习 模块三 千变万化的动词 第5讲 非谓语动词讲义教案2022届高考英语一轮复习 模块三 千变万化的动词 第5讲 非谓语动词讲义教案年级：姓名：第5讲非谓语动词. 语法填空1. (2020全国卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 to find (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 2. (2020全国卷 )They represent the earth coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 3. (2020全国卷 )They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 4. (2020全国卷 )They are easy to care(care)for and make great presents. 5. (2020全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 6. (2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged (challenge). 7. (2019全国卷)Modern methods are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area. . 语法填空四谨记1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing); (2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done); (3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式Its+形容词+(for/of sb. +)to do sth. ; Its no good/use/pleasure doing sth. ; find/think/believe/consider+it+ adj. +to do sth. 。3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等; (2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式。. 短文改错1. (2020全国卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. (fryingfried)2. (2019全国卷)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. (managemanaging)3. (2019全国卷) All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. (saysaying)4. (2018全国卷)No matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me. (watchingwatch)5. (2018全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. (sellselling). 短文改错二定法1. “五”检查识别非谓语动词错误(1)检查介词后的非谓语动词是否正确; (2)检查作主语和宾语的非谓语动词形式是否合适; (3)检查并列结构中非谓语动词形式是否一致; (4)检查分词作状语是主动还是被动; (5)检查是否该有不定式符号to。2. 重点关注-ing, -ed形容词区别(1)在英语中, 有很多以-ing和-ed结尾的词, 可以用作名词修饰语, 构成形容词。一般而言, 由-ing转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义, 由-ed转化来的形容词则带有被动意义。(2)动词的-ed形式作表语, 主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态, 含有被动的意思; 而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征, 含有主动的意思。非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词, 主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式), 即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外, 可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。非谓语动词的时态语态一览表类别时态形式 语态形式主动 被动动词不定式一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been donev. -ing一般式完成式doingbeing done过去分词一般式 done1. 主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时, 用主动形式; 与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。I got a letter saying that I was admitted to a key university. The bridge to be built will be the longest one on this river. 2. 时间先后关系根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态: (1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式; (2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。 Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with joy. I seem to have involved myself in something I dont understand. 【小题快练】 单句语法填空Those who break the law will not escape being punished (punish). Seeing (see)the platoon leader returning, everybody rushed up to meet him. Having played (play) all day, you must be thirsty. He is said to have studied (study)abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. 非谓语动词作主语、表语1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作, 不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Listening to music is my sisters hobby. To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. (2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good+doing sth. ; It is/was not any use/good+doing sth. ; It is/was of little use/good+doing sth. ; It is/was useless doing sth. ; Its a waste of time doing sth. 等。It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. It is no good trying that method, because it wont work. It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways. 2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到的”, 而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到的”。The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Hindu culture and traditions. At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself together. The most terrifying aspect of nuclear bombing is radiation. 【小题快练】 单句语法填空He told me what had happened in a frightened (frighten)voice. It is important for us to get (get)into contact with them as soon as possible. Getting tired (tire) of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. 非谓语动词作宾语1. 只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: agree, intend/plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等。3. 既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式的动词和短语: remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start, begin, try等。如: Do you remember being introduced to our president when you visited our school last month? I regret to inform you he died as a consequence of his injuries. 4. 不定式作decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等动词或动词短语的宾语时, 前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。The father wondered how to answer his sons question. 5. need, require, want作“需要”讲, deserve作“应受, 应得”讲时, 其后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义或不定式的被动结构。This work needs doing/to be done carefully. The boy richly deserved punishing. 6. 固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth. +but/except(to)do sth. 中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to, 反之则有to的原则。I have nothing but praise for the police. I have a lot of homework every day, and I have no choice but to do it. 【小题快练】 单句语法填空He is so ill that he doesnt feel like eating (eat) anything. I pretended to be (be)asleep but in fact I was awake. I regret to inform (inform)you that I can not attend the meeting on Friday. I tried to stand (stand)up, but I was completely exhausted. By the end of class, she understood how to get (get) them right. I could do nothing but join (join)him after I hesitated for a few hours. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原), doing主动或正在进行, done表被动或完成。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by. I didnt notice him get on the same bus. 2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。The teacher had us make up conversations during classes. The teacher got the students to look up all the words they didnt know. 3. 固定短语, 如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth. 等。The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead. 4. with/without复合结构常用形式: With all the work finished , they went out to play. I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. I cant go out with all these clothes to wash. 【小题快练】 单句语法填空Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke(smoke). Dont let your children play (play)with matches. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked (lock). A policeman saw two thieves stealing (steal) a girls mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once. With so many people to help(help) us, we are sure to finish it in time. 非谓语动词作定语一、 动词不定式作定语1. 动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。He was the last one to leave school yesterday. (主谓关系)She has a lot of work to do in the morning. (动宾关系)【点津】动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式, 但其含义有所不同。试比较: Do you have anything to buy? (动作的执行者是“你”)Do you have anything to be bought? (动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)2. 当名词或代词被序数词, 形容词最高级, the last, the only等修饰, 且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时, 常用动词不定式作定语。The best place to catch fish on a canal is close to a lock. 3. 当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时, 常用不定式作后置定语, 且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。We should develop the students ability to solve problems. 【点津】在作定语的动词不定式中, 如果其中的动词是不及物动词, 不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等, 不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。 Would you please give me some paper to write on? The shopping mall is a good place to go. 二、动词-ing形式作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。The child standing over there is my brother. 【点津】被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动形式作定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。The house being built over there will be our new library. 三、动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作定语, 分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。The book written by Moyan is very popular. 【点津】作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行; done表示已经完成。boiling water正在沸腾的水boiled water开水【小题快练】 单句语法填空The problem discussed (discuss) at the meeting room yesterday was in vain. The meeting to be held (hold)next week is about how we can deal with this problem. The boy crying (cry) over there is my younger brother. What do you think is the best way to protect(protect) the wild animals? Do you have anything to say(say) for yourself? Do you have the ability to read (read) and write English. 非谓语动词作状语1. 动词不定式作状语, 表示目的、结果、原因等。(1)作目的状语, 有时用in order to或so as to, 但so as to不用于句首。(2019江苏高考) To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work. (2)作结果状语, 其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语, 常用结构enough to, so/such. . . to, too. . . to. . . , only to等。Youre old enough to travel on the train by yourself. He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked. (3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order. 【点津】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语, 构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构, 不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。The materials are soft and comfortable to wear. 2. 动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等, 与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。We hear of women who run away, leaving behind their homes and families. (2020天津高考)The dancers incredible performance had the audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes at the end of the show. 【点津】动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果; 而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自然而然的结果。Hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 3. 动词-ed形式作状语(1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(2020江苏高考)Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. (2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐瞒的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着的), tired of(对感到厌倦的)等。He hid his face in his hands again, lost in his own thoughts. He was a big man in his forties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie. 【点津】有部分分词或不定式短语作状语, 其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 这种结构称为独立成分。常用的有considering. . . (鉴于, 考虑到); generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/from. . . (从来看, 依据来判断); supposing that. . . (假定); providing that. . . (假定); given that. . . (鉴于, 由于)4. 独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构的特点: a. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; b. 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; c. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。 (2)独立主格结构的构成: 名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。Every morning the old man walks in the park, his pet dog following him along(=and his pet dog follows him along). She stood there, her eyes looking upward into the sky and her hands crossed on her breast. 【小题快练】 单句语法填空Weather permitting(permit), we will go for a picnic this Saturday. Whether this will be successful or not is still difficult to predict(predict). Tom rushed to classroom only to be told (tell) it was a Sunday. Hearing(hear) that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. Praised (praise) by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. . 单句语法填空1. Having the opportunity to speak (speak) Mandarin every day really improved my learning. 2. We hope that National Chinese Characters Contest will get more people to brush (brush)up our written language. 3. There were also a lot of people making (make) special drawings to help them recall important moments. 4. Thus, it will be the third Chinese city to host (host) the games. 5. Facebook CEO Zuckerberg just had a baby girl named Max, and to honour (honour) the occasion, hes giving away the majority of his wealth. 6. You will be deeply impressed by the best quality guaranteed (guarantee) by our rich experience on group operation. . 语法填空What annoys you most in life? A new survey on annoying things has some interesting findings. The report 1. _(divide) into a number of categories. Transport comes fairly high up in the list, with buses, planes and trains all capable 2. _ driving us mad. Some of the things we find most irritating (令人恼火的) about buses include missing a bus, 3. _(particular) after running to the bus stop, and people in buses who crowd near the entrance 4. _(refuse) to move down to the end of the bus. The airport is also a place that can really wind us up. Being hit by out-of-control luggage carts or being caught on the ankles by someone who cant control them properly is enough to make us see red. Getting in 5. _ slow-moving queue to check in our baggage when our flight is about to leave 6. _ (be) also enough to make our blood pressure soar. 7. _ (delay) flights are obviously annoying, but airlines that refuse to keep us up to date with the latest travel information make us even 8. _ (angry). The train 9. _ (cause) bother as well. Blocked toilets, buffet cars with no sandwiches and passengers 10. _ make loud mobile phone calls all appear on the list. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了乘坐公交车、飞机和火车等交通工具会遇到的一些烦人事。1. 【解析】is divided。考查动词时态和语态。主语report与谓语动词divide构成被动关系, 且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为单数名词report, 谓语动词用单数。故填is divided。2. 【解析】of。考查介词。表示“能够做某事”短语为be capable of doing sth. 。故填of。3. 【解析】particularly。考查副词。修饰后文介词短语after running to the bus stop应用副词particularly, 表示“特别”。故填particularly。4. 【解析】refusing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知refuse在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 与逻辑主语people构成主动关系, 故应用现在分词。故填refusing。5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。名词queue此处表泛指应用不定冠词, 且slow-moving为辅音音素开头的单词, 故应用a。故填a。6. 【解析】is。考查主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实应用一般现在时, 且句子主语为动名词短语Getting in a slow-moving queue to check in our baggage when our flight is about to leave, 故谓语动词应用单数。故填is。7. 【解析】Delayed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知delay在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 与逻辑主语flights构成被动关系, 故应用过去分词作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Delayed。8. 【解析】angrier。考查比较级。结合句意表示“更愤怒的”, 应用形容词比较级angrier。故填angrier。9. 【解析】causes。考查名词的数。cause为可数名词, 句中为一般现在时, 后文bother为动词原形, 可知此处应用复数形式。故填causes。10. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词passengers, 且先行词在从句中作主语, 指人, 故应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。. 短文改错With my homework was finished last Sunday, I went to the countrysid