英语四六级作文及翻译.doc

(完整word)英语四六级作文及翻译家庭暴力(domestic violence）指的是在亲密关系(intimate relationship)中- 方对另一方 的虐待。通常來说，受害者是儿童和妇女。在小国古代，人们认为男人有权利惩罚他的孩子 和妻子.广义上讲，家庭暴力不局限于明显的身体暴力,它也冇许多英他的形式.关于家庭 暴力产生的原I大1，出现了许多不同的理论,比如犯罪者的性格和心理特征。外部I大1素也有影 响，比如犯罪者所处的坏境。然而，没有一种理论能涵盖所有情况。参考译文：Domestic violenee refers to the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship Comm only the victims are childre n and wome n. In anci cnl China， people believe that a man has the right to punish his children and wife. In a broad sense， domestic violenee is not limited to obvious physical violence。 There are many other forms of v i o 1 e nee. Many di f fere nt theories are brought up as to the causes of domestic violenee,such as the the perpetrators personality and mentai characteristics .External factors also play a part， such as the perpctrators, surroundings。 However， no theory seems to cover all cases.Crimi nalMental characteristic青年奥林匹克运动会是专为全世界青年人设立的综合体育赛事。第二届夏季青年奥林匹克 运动会于2014年8月16 FI至28 口在南京举行。本届青奥会的口号是“分享青春共筑未來”; 寓意全世界青年人在奥林匹克精神感召下，欢聚一堂，相互切磋，相互鼓励,增进友谊，共 同成氏。吉祥物创意来自雨花石，意为提倡自然、运动、健康、快乐的生活方式；会徽将南 京明城墙城门和江南民居伦廓组合在一起，勾勒出“NANJING字样，寓意青春之门。参考译文：Youth Olympic Games, a comprehensive spor ts eve nt， is designed for young people al 1 over the world The second summer youth 01 ympic Games was held from August 16, 2014 to 28 in Nanjing. Its s 1 ogan is ”Share the youth， Build the future” , which means the young people around the world in the Olympic spirit, get together and play each other, encourage each other， enhance friendship and grow up together. Its Mascot conics from rain flower stoncs， advocating a lifestyle of natural, sports， healthy and happy； 1 Is cmblom will out 1 inc NANJ ING Ming city wal 1 gate andoik houses together, with the idea of the gate of youth。specially中国水资源地区分布不均匀.总体來讲，南方水资源丰富，北方则水资源匮乏.随着人口的 增长和经济的快速发展，北方缺水的问题口益严垂，解决办法之一就是跨流域（drainage area）调水,也就是南水北调工程（South-toNorth Water Diversion Project) o南水北调 工程包括东、屮、西三条线路。东线从氏江卜游引水，沿京杭人运河(BeijingHangzhou Grand Canal）北送，穿过黄河卜的管道,向卜-流入犬津附近的水库（reservoir） 0中线从长江的支 流汉江的丹江口水库引水到北京。西线也被称作“大西线”，冃的在于从长江上游引水到黃 河上游。参考译文：In China water resources are unevenly distributed。 In gen oral， water resources are abundant in the south but deficient in the north。 With the increase of population and rapid economic development, the problem of water shortage in the north is getting more and more serious。 One solution is to divert water from one drainage area to another， al so known as the South-toNorth Water Di version Project 。There are three routes. The easiern route wi 11 transfer water from the lower roaches of the Yangtze River to north along the BeijingHangzhou Grand Canal and through a tunnel under the Yellow River, from where it can flow downhill to reservoirs near Tianjin. The central route is from Danjiangkou Reservoir on the Han river, a branch of the Yangtze River， to BeijingThe western route， also called the Big Western Line, aims at diverting water from the headwaters othe Yangtze River into the headwaters of the Yellow River.屮国，地球上最吸引人的国家之一,有5000多年的历史,是目前全球第二大经济体(the second largest economy）.随着广泛的经济改革，中国正经历着显著、快速的变化。1949 年以前的中国极端贫困、收入不平衡(income inequalities） 国家不安全。由于经济改革， 从1980年开始,人民的生活水平开始捉升至基木水平之上.全国人口有了足够的食物、衣 服和住房，普通家庭可以吃得起各种各样的食物，穿得上时尚的衣服。参考译文：Chirm, one of the most fasc in at ing countries on Earth, has a history of more than 5, 000 years and is currently the seco nd largest economy in the world 。China is going through a remarkable and rapid change with widespread economic reforms Before 1949， China was characterized by extreme poverty， income inequalities， and insecurity. Since 1980， thanks to the economic reforms， people s standard of living started to c 1 imb beyond the basic level。 The general population had adequate food， clothi ng, and housi ng， and ord in ary families could afford to eat a variety of foods and wear stylish clothingStylish时尚的fashionable屮国的社会关系是典型的由共同的社交网络(social network）组成的社会关系。社交网络屮 的个体通过“关系”相连，关系中的情感被称为“感情”。中国的社会关系中一个非常重要 的概念是“而子”概念，就像其他许多亚洲文化中的一样.正如中国学术大家费孝通的社会 学著作小所写的那样，中国人-跟具他社会的人相比一倾向丁从社会网络角度看社会关系。 因此，人们的关系以“近”或者“远界定，而不是“有”或者“无.参考译文:Chinese social relationships are social relationships typified by a mutual social network The individuals within the social network are connected by guanxi (1 inks） and the feel ing within the 1 inks is known by the term ganqing” An important concept within Chinese social relationships is the concept of face, as in many other Asian cultures As articulated in the sociological works of Chinese leading academic Fei Xiaotong, the Chinese, in contrast to people of other societies, tend to see social relati on ships in terms of social networks. Hence, therelationships bet wee n people are perceived as being n ear” or “far” rather tha n “in” or “out” .感觉，理解ThereforeHence 因此 consequently 中国是亚洲笫一大国，世界笫三大国,有着比其他任何国家都多的人口。中国的人口超过十 亿，这意味着地球上超过五分之一的人都生活在屮国。但是，中国有人片区域几乎没有人烟, 人们可能旅行好儿天都看不到人类生命的迹象。中国的人多数人口生活在东部地区。与其他 地区相比，东部人口密集，儿乎所有可已被开垦（under cultivation) o从长江（the Yangtze River)流域往北，直至首都北京的人片区域是中国最人的人口聚居区。参考译文：As the largest nation in Asia and the third largest in the world, China has the largest population in the globe。China has a population of more than one billion, which means that more than ono fifth of people on earth live in China. But vast areas in China are almost deserted, and one can travel for days without seeing signs of human 1ife。 Most of the people in China 1ive in the eastern part of the country。 In conirast to other parts of China， the east has a dense population, and almost every piece of arable land is under cultivation. The largest compact community of people is in the region that stretches from the north Yangtze River to Beijing， the capital.延伸中国的教育体系是一个Fh教育部(Ministry of Education)管理的国冇公共教育系统。所冇 公民都必须接受9年义务教育。政府提供六七岁开始的小学教育(primary education)，持续 6年，紧随其后的是为12岁至18岁的孩子准备的六年屮学教育。一些省份可能有五年制的 小学，但中学则为六年，一般初中为三年，高中为三年。教育部公布的小学入学率为99%,初、 高中入学率均为80%o参考译文：Education system in China is a stateowned system of public education run by the Ministry of Education. All citizens must accept the compulsory education for nine years The government provides primary education for six years， starting at age six or seven， fol lowed by six years of secondary education for ages 12 to 18. Some provinces may have fiveyear primary school，but six years for secondeiry school， including three years for middle school and three years for high school The Ministry of Education reported a 99 percent enrollment rate for primary school and an 80 percent for both middle and high schools.自从商业航班出现后，对全球旅游业冲击授大的莫过于中国旅游。到2015年,将冇1亿中 国人打包行囊，出境旅游。2012年，中国超越美国和徳国成为金球最大的国际旅游消费国， 创造了 8300万人在国际旅游中消费1020亿美元的纪录.韩国有报道说在2013年2月份， 中国到访游客数量有史以来笫一次超过了日本。为应对这种繁荣,全球旅游运营商一直不遗 余力地改变他们提供的服务特别是在酒店方面.参考译文:exceed outnumber surpass 超过Chinese tourism brought about the str on gest impact on the global travel in dustry since the advent of commercial flight. By 2015,100 million Chinese will pack their bags to travel abroad。 In 2012, Chinese overtook Americans and Germans as the world，s top in ternational touri sm spenders, with 83 mi Ilion people spe ndin百 a record of 102 bill ion on internetional tourism。 South Korea reported that in February， 2013, for the first time ever， Chinese tourists overtook Japanese tourists in terms of arrival number。 In response to the boom, global travel operators have been relentlessly adapting their offerings-hotels in particular.Spare no effort 不遗余力的Do ones utmost从秦朝到晚清,朝廷将人民分为四个阶级：地主、农民、工匠和商人。地主和农民构成了两 个主要的阶级,而商人和工匠们则归到两个较小的阶级。从理论上讲,除了帝位，其他身份 都不能世袭(hereditary）。当拥有人量土地和半农奴(semi-serfs)的显赫家族出现时，封 建主义（feudalism)就会局部复辟。他们控制着朝廷重要的民事和军事职位，并将任职这些 职位的机会对本宗族的成员敞开。自唐代开始,朝廷改革了科举制度(imperial examination system),试图根除这种现象。参考译文：From the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese government dividedChinese people into four classes:landlord, peasant, craftsman andmerchant. Landlords and peasants constituted the two major classes， while merchants and craftsmen were collected i nto the two minor ones。 Theoretical 1y, except for the position of the Emperor， nothing was hereditary. There was a partial restoration of feudalism when eminent families with large amounts of land and huge number of semiserfs emerged. These families dominated important civilian and military positions of the government, making the positions aval 1able to members of their own fami1ies and cl ans. Since the Tang dynasty， the government reformed the imperial exami nst i on system辿 qUmpt gg 些些 gut 卫1 i p也岂lgmgnon。口 1983年，希望工程（Project Hope)已经解决了国家的些最紧迫的问题。这些问题包括 儿童心脏缺陷、糖尿病(diabetes)。艾滋病和护士教育，其矩期的冃标是在一些贫困县建立 补助金项目，长期目标集屮在确保所有屮国孩了享受受教冇的基木权利。目前希望丁程在屮 国开展了若干个项目，包括肿瘤学（oncology）培训、农村卫生保健提供者教育、儿童营养汁 划、护士培训等。参考译文：Project Hope has addressed some of the country，s most pressing issues since 1983. These i ssues i nclude childrens heart defects, di abetes, ATOS and nurse education. Its short-term goal is to establish grant-in aid programs in some povertystricken counties， while the Iong-term target center on ensuring that all the Chinese children enjoy the basic right of accepting their educationCurrently, Project Hope has operates several programs in China, ineluding oncology training, education for rural health care providers，children，s nutrition program， nurse training and so on.“月光族（the moonlight clan) v总是每个月花光收入，也没有存钱的计划.社会中有一小 部分人是“月光族”。支持这种消费观念的人指岀，作为月光族可以让他们拥有更多享受生 活的机会，过高质量的牛活.这种消费习惯在某种程度1。也造成了奢侈浪费。月光族或许拥 有奢华、高质最的生活，但是他们也会感到缺乏安全感，尤其是当手头扌吉据的时候。参考译文：The moonlight clan always runs out of their income each month and has no plan to save money. There is a small number of the moonlight clan in our society。 Those who are in favor of this kind of consumption attitude point out that being the moonl ight cla n gives them more chances to enjoy the 1 i fe and 1 i ve a high-quality life This kind of consumption habit, to some extent， lead to waste The moonlight clan may have a luxurious and highquality life but they may be lack of the sense of security, especially in their rainy day.Short of money 手头紧美国华人社会自上世纪70年代以來经历了巨大的变化。最显著的变化是随着许多中国人不 断涌入羌国，美国华人经济得到快速增长。美国华人家庭的年均收入己超过美国白人家庭. 而近年来在美国如雨后春笋般涌现了一批杰出的华裔科技人才。他们的成就引起了世界 上科学家和技术专家的注意并得到了赞赏。同吋华人的政治地位也得到了显苦捉升，步入美 国政治圈的华人逐渐增多。参考译文：极大的Since the 1970s the Chinese community in the USA has undergone tremendous cha nges The most remarkable change is its rapid in crease in oco nomy as many Chin esc have kept flooding into America。 Chinese American family” s annual average income has overtaken that of the US white family。 And, prom in ent scientific and technical have talents of Chinese descent have sprung up in the US in recent years. Their achievements have attracted attention and gained admiration of scientists and technical experts in the worldMcanwhile， more Chincse Americans onter American political circles as they have risen evidently in political statusDecent正派的，得体的，相当好的AndAnd that 而且 屮国梦（the Chinese Dream)是中国的一个新名词。人们己经开始期待一个梦想的国度”。 因此，在屮国人民的意识屮,屮国梦将会取代美国梦。期待“梦想国度”的屮国人现在要放 眼全世界。改革开放使中国发展的梦想变为现实。中国已经进入了 个新吋代，在这个吋代 出生的每一个中国人都应该为他们的好运而感到髙兴.参考译文：The Chinese Dream is a new term in China。 People have begun to expect a ”dream countryn 。Tn Chinese citizens consciousness,therefore,the Chinese Dream wi11 supersede the American Dream。 The Chinese people， in expectations of a dream country，aro now opening their eyes to the world Reform and opening-up has made the Chinese dream of development a reality。 China has entered an new era， and every Chinese person born in this time should feel happy about their good fortune.ReplaceDisplace 取代当今世界，国家之间的竞争主要是专业人才之间的竟争。因此，为了加强我们在世界上的竞 争能力,党中央（the CPC Central Committee）决定充分引进和利用我们的海外留学人才， 以及香港、澳门、台湾的专业人力。引进这些人才的部门有银行、保险等行业，以及大型国 有企业，因为这些部门对外界开放程度更大，并处于越來越激烈的竟争环境中。参考译文：In today，s world ， competition among states is mainly a competition among taiented professionals。 Therefore, in order to strengthen our competitive power in the world, the CPC Central Committee decided to introduce and make full use of the overseas studcnts and the professionals in Hong kong, Macao and Taiwan. The departme nts that would introduce tale nted people from outside are banking， insura nee industry, 1 arge stateowned enterprises， etc, because these departments are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and are more open to the outside worldTalents 人才 三手烟是指在吸烟几小吋或几天z后仍然残留在地毯、衣物以及其他物品屮的烟污染.据研 究，许多人，尤其是烟民,都不知道三手烟会危害人们的健康。在接受调查的1500名朋民 和非烟民中，绝大部分人都认同二手烟的危害。但当他们被问到是否知晓“吸入前一天有人 吸烟的屋子里的空气会危害你的健康”时,只有65%的非烟民和43的烟民回答是肯定的。参考译文:leave over残留Third-hand smoke refers to the tobacco smoke conlaminat ion that 1ingers on carpets, clothes and other mat erials hours or days after smok ing Accord i ng to a study， a large number of people, particularly smokers， have no idea that the thirdhand smoke i s a heal th hazard for peopl e. Of the 1，500 smokers and nonsmokers surveyed, the vast majority agree that secondhand smoke is harmful. But when asked whether they agreed with the statement， uBreathing air in a room where people smoked yesterday can harm your health, ” only 65% of nonsmokers and 43% of smokers gave the affirmative answer。肯定的 definite大多数时候,留守儿童(leftover children）的问题很大程度上源于缺乏父母的情感关怀。 通常，孩子由祖父母或父母的朋友、亲戚照顾.在大多数情况下，他们的监护人（guardian） 没冇受过很好的教育。对他们来说，确保孩了健康、吃得好是极重要的任务。只要孩了平安 无事，他们就被认为做得很好了。监护人很少关心孩子的学习、心理需求或精神需求。他们 也不花时间教孩子如何养成良好的习惯。参考译文:Most of the time， problems of the leftover children largely arise from a lack of emotional care from their parents Usually, the childrens grandparonts or their parents friends or relatives 1ook after these chi 1dren。 Tn most cases, their guardians are not well educated To them， making sure that the chi ldren are heaIthy and fed well is the most important task As long as the children are safe and sound， they are considered to have done a good job Guardians sc 1 dom care about chi ldrcn s study， psychological needs， or mental demands Neither do they spend some time to teach kids how to develop good habits。越來越多來白北京、上海、广州、沈阳和具他一些大城市的人学牛选择毕业后就结婚。这与 20肌纪80年代和90年代的情况形成了鲜明的对比,那时候很多城市的年轻人都推迟结婚， 直到他们的年龄“足够大”一在30多岁甚至40多岁的吋候。许多人花时间寻找有着良好的 经济背景或好看的相貌的配偶，而不是寻找爱情。然而，这些选择毕业后就结婚的学牛：的父 母必须照顾这些小夫妻的I I常起居，因为这些年轻人仍然在探索如何作为一家人来生活.参考译文:University students in Beijing, Shanghai， Guangzhou， Shenyang and some other big cities are increasingly choosing to get married right after graduating.This is in sharp contrast to the situation in the 1980s and 1990s whon many urban youngsters put off marriage until they were “old enoughn 一 in their 30s or even 40s. Many spent their time looking for spouses with good economic backgrounds or attractive faces， instead of looking for love. However, parents of these students ( choosing to get married right after graduating） have to take care of the couples daily affairs, as the young people are still figuring out how to live as a family.全球气候变暖是近年来全球一肯热议的话题，是一种然现象”。全球变暧会使全球降水 量重新分配,冰川（glacier)和冻土 (permafrost)消融,海平面上升等，既危害自然生态系 统的平衡，更威胁人类的食物供应和居住环境。冇一个冇趣的现彖，就是全球变暧对冇些地 区是坏事，而对其他地区却是好事，比如，南北极的寒冷地区由于温度升高，导致冰川融化, 动物栖息地减少.而在小国东北地区,天气变暖意味着可以种植冬季农作物,从而增加农业 收入.参考