英语四六级作文冲刺.doc

写作冲刺在最后几天，要把作文的分数提高，必须从几个最基本的要求入手。一四级写作要求：根据一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出不少于120词的短文，能写短信和便条，表达意思清楚、无重大语言错误。近两年常考的是以书信的格式写说明文。在给出提纲的情况下，我们完全可以写出9分以上的高分作文。二作文高分在评卷过程中，上面的一些客观标准实际很难得到真正贯彻。真正的高分作文是怎么炼成的？1、外观：书写工整+结构清晰2、内容：符合主题+语言准确+句式灵活+相对亮点+足够的字数三、英语高分要注意的几种情况1表达思想不清楚主要原因是没有切中主题，分段错误，句子之间缺少连接词，因此看起来混乱没有逻辑性，句子停顿错误。作文中严重汉化的英语，即中式英语也是一个重要的原因，比如： man can live happiness， Man is iron, and food is steel., Women are half side sky.。2语言错误的普遍性和严重性主要表现在三个不一致：主谓不一致，名词单复数不一致，动词时态不一致，另外就是常用词拼写错误，时态，单复数写错。这些严重地影响了思想的表达。考试实践表明，多数考生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系统的写作理论和方法，而是最基本的单句写作能力。文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的，句子是表达思想的最基本的单位。因此，句子是否能写得正确、达意和清楚，将直接影响整篇文章的写作质量。为改变这种状况，我们将从剖析考生作文中的典型病句入手，对写作测试中的语言和基本句子结构和写法进行评议和分析，来帮助考生进一步提高学生的写作能力。四如何切题，掌握好基本的模式1. 看清题目，分清楚是写作问题中的哪一类。2. 按照给定的框架分段不会跑题。3. 写的时候事先想好主题句和支持材料以及需要的例子。4基本结构如下：a. Topic sentence (统领全文)+explanation (支撑句) 或者example +comment (评价性的句子)b. Topic sentence of graph two + reason 1(subtopic1) +explanation+ reason 2 (subtopic 2) + explanation + conclusive commentc. ConclusionDrug abuse among young people has become more and more prevalent over recent years. (主题句) Statistics show that the number of youth drug users almost doubled in the past three years. （数据支撑）。It is vital to analyze why drugs are so attractive to young people and what can be done to combat it. (结论) The wide spread of drug abuse is not without reason (主题句). Firstly, teenagers are under increasing pressure - this may be peer pressure or pressure to succeed for example. Drug use may help them escape reality, forget their problems, or simply feel more accepted by their friends.(原因1) In addition, through the media we are exposed to information that glamorizes drug use and makes it look attractive, particularly to young people.(原因2) Furthermore, teenagers are usually naturally curious about drugs, and drug dealers can take advantage of this curiosity for their own profit.(原因3)High fines and prison sentences should also be imposed on drug dealers and users. (措施1) However, it is my own personal view that prevention is better than cure and so a good education programmed about the dangers of drug abuse is one of the most important steps any government should take. (措施2)五句子写作A 学生作文中经常出现的问题分析一）、对待词汇问题，要尽量细心，避免低级错误，提高准确率1、搭配错误或者措辞错误Low price而不是cheap price. Price has been more and cheaper. 经济学economical, economic, financial, economics提高，上升rise, raise, arise 效果，影响effect, affect, influence病句：As college students, we have to learn/study knowledge. acquireThe prices raised when the harvest was poor. roseHe cost $2000 to buy the new computer. He spent $2000 on the 或The new computer cost him2、分词的混乱。动词ing与过去分词作形容词时常混用。Exciting, excited; satisfied, satisfying; fulfilled, fulfilling; interested, interesting; confused, confusing, bewildered, bewildering. 3、拼写错误 此类错误相当普遍，而且习惯一旦养成，较难改掉。下面是几个经常容易搞混淆或拼错的单词，课下多写几遍。environment（环境，容易写成enviroment）, government（政府，容易误拼成goverment）, modern（现代的，容易拼成morden）4. 情态动词的使用maybe, may be， should to be; 5. let make see hear的用法二）、句子中常见错误1. 关于“有”的表达，误用较多。There are many people think ； there has/haveProblems have been more and more. 问题越来越多。考生病句：There are many people like to go to the movies.There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.正确表达：There are many people who like to go to the movies.There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性，因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用there be这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中，there是引导词，没有实际意义。be在句中作谓语，有时态和数的变化。在运用这一结构时，考生最容易犯的错误是在there be之后又用了一个动词作谓语，使句子结构出现严重错误。这里列举的考生的典型错误均属这种情况，对此我们在写作中要格外注意。2. 比较级错误常见错误：more better. The society is changing more and more faster 考生病句：Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.正确表达：Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.在例1中，对两个事物进行比较的句式为Compared with A, B.,只能用compare的过去分词，不能用现在分词，因为B是分词的逻辑主语，只能被比较。在例2中，考生误将天气与城市进行比较，而二者没有可比性，只有将后者改为其他城市的天气才符合逻辑，很显然，考生的错误是受了汉语表达习惯的影响。3. 时态错误、混乱 I did not expect he will come.4. 句子结构错乱，最常见的是不使用连接词，直接用逗号连接两句话。There is no doubt that western culture is leading on the earth, it has changed the world deeply.（要么用表示前后逻辑关系的连接词连接，要么用分号，要么用句号把它分为两句话）5. 一致性，尤其是主谓一致。如：The problem have become more and more serious.Very students have the duty to do She speak English well. 6. 大小写错误一般来说，每一句的首字母应该大写，人名地名等专有名词的首字母大写。china is still a developing country. it is well-known that good7.句子成分残缺不全 We always working till late at night before taking exams.（误） We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams（正） We should read books may be useful to us. （误） We should read books which may be useful to us. （正） 8句子成分多余 This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. （误） One test ends, but another is waiting for you. （正） The driver of the red car was died on the spot. （误） The driver of the red car died on the spot. （正） 3主谓不一致 Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. （误） Some think that reading should be selective. （正） My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. （误） My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. （正） 4动词时态、语态的误用 I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. （误） I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. （正） We have little time to read some books which we interest. （误） We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. （正） I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. （误） I have been studying in the college for two years（正） 5词类混淆 It is my point that reading must be selectively. （误） In my opinion, reading must be selective. （正） Honest is so important for everyperson. （误） Honesty is so important for everyone. （正） The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. （误） The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. （正） 6名词可数与不可数的误用 Too much tests are disadvantage for students study. （误） Too many tests are disadvantageous to students. （正） In modern society, people are under various pressures（误） In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. （正） 7动词及物与不及物的误用 The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. （误） The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. （正） Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. （误） Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. （正） 8介词to和不定式符号的混淆 Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. （误） Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent thinking. （正） All these contributed to solve the serious problem. （误） All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem. （正） 9情态动词的误用 It may not good to our health. （误） It may be not good to our health. （正） They should spent much time. （误） They should spend much time. （正） 10. 动宾搭配不当 We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. （误） We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. （正） It also may help you to make success. （误） It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal. （正） 11.根据中文逐字硬译 If someones family situation is not well, he can apply for loan to bank. （误） If ones family is not well off, he can apply to the bank for a loan. （正） Let alone touch the outside world of campus/keep a good body health（误） Let alone get in touch with the world outside of the campus/keep fit（正） B如何写好句子1正确使用关联词使句子之间富有逻辑性时间 later, next, now, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, after a while.顺序: to begin with, then, last but not the least; first of all, in the first place, next, above all举例：takeas an example, for example, for instance, such as, that is, in the following manner, namely, in this case, as an illustration, by way of, in other words, specially解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms. 强调：especially【绝对不可以用于主句句首!】, by all means, in particular比较：likewise, similarly 【用于句首】in the same way, in the same manner, equally.对比：by striking contrast on the contrary,【用于句首】while, whereas, on the other hand, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, in contrast.让步：although, For all【后面只能紧跟名词性结构】；after all，although, , in spite of, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen however+形容词/副词原因：due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to for this reason, now that, since, for this reason,【常表示积极原因】结果：as a result, therefore, accordingly, consequently, hence, thus,【前面这几个单词只能做副词，不能单独直接连接两个句子】连词so可以。总结：in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, in summary, as has been mentioned above on the whole,递进：in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, besides, again, and, likewise, whats more 【需要单独引起一句话】转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately. Whereas其他 Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case,例子： For all the advantages mentioned above, 【让步】【承上】Internet is by no means without its limitations【启下】. To begin with, 【举例】we cannot always tell whether or not the information it provides is true. We may be misled by wrong information and make wrong judgments or conclusions. Moreover, we may find too much information on the same topic and to pick out what we need will take us much timeLast but not least, there are many viruses in the Internet, which may cause great damages to our computer. In conclusion, we college students need to use the Internet properly for our studies and 练习递进式结构 1） Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有营养的）；furthermore，they re cheaper than frozen ones. 2） Helping others will not only bring joy into other peoples lives，but also added happiness into our own. 表示让步关系 1）While it may be more convenient to possess a car，it is also expensive and troublesome at times. 2） Although I do not earn a great deal of money for this job，the pleasure I receive from the work makes it worthwhile. 表示因果或前提关系 1）Because of(owing to) the pressure（压力）of examinations，many students are left with little or no free time. 2）Perhaps its because few of us know how to accept compliments（赞扬）gracefully. 3） That is why housework is considered as such a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。 4） The reason for this is that 更多练习b. Choose the following transitional expressions and put them in the blanks.For example in fact also furthermore not onlybut also in additionTeachers of foreign languages should be extremely well-qualified in order to carry out their duties properly. _, a teacher should possess a minimum of a graduate degree from a certified education school or institute if he is to teach high school or below. Besides the academic degree, teachers should not consider teaching only as an occupation for earning money; they should also be interested in teaching. It was_ necessary that teachers be knowledgeable in their major fields, _ they should _ be skillful as well. _, the language teacher must know the target language well enough to be imitated by his students. Proficiency in the target language includes four skills: understanding, speaking, reading and writing. A teacher should _ know the linguistic facts of the language of the students in order to understand the problems they will have in learning the target language. _ the teacher must be familiar with audio-lingual techniques. Knowing this will help the students to learn correctly and quickly.Then if when because even though firstFor many centuries Javanese culture has been influenced by Animism万物有灵论 and Hinduism. _new religions are growing among the people- the Moslem, Catholic, and Protestant religions-many people feel that traditional ceremonies are an obligation for a Javanese._ they dont fulfill their obligation, they believe that bad luck will come to them or to their family. _my finance and I decided to marry, my family encouraged us to have a traditional Javanese wedding ceremony, and we agreed._ a traditional Javanese wedding is so complicated, it needs plenty of time for preparation. _we had to decide how many people would be invited from outside of the housing complex: my friends from work, my husbands friends, my parents friends from church and from other communities. People from the housing complex are automatically invited. _, June is a popular month for weddings; we had difficulty finding a rental hall which would hold 800 people.2. 句式要灵活,不能千篇一律的主谓宾或主系表。不能只用复杂句或者简单句，从句运用要得当。适当穿插下面的几种句式会使整个文章增色很多。1）定语从句（限定性和非限定性）To the best of my knowledge, there are many reasons why SMS is so popular nowadays.The public have noticed and been worried about this new trend, which has generated many negative effects on the young people.2）分词短语状语The use of cell phone makes the world more like a global village, giving us the opportunity to stay in touch at any time and at any place.3）强调句It is this severe issue that brought about the heated discussion among the public.4）倒装句Only by enforcing these measures can we hope to solve the problem eventually.5）反问Shouldnt we take effective measures to curb this situation?6）插入成分介词短语 It is sensible, by any means, for us to make scientific analysis. 六、段落写作严格按照作文不同的类型和要求分3到4段，要看清作文要求，使用必要模板，切忌胡乱照搬。许多学生习惯于用汉语思维方式来进行英文写作，不善于开门见山，缺乏中心句（thesis statement）和主题句（topic sentence）的意识，谈了许多还未谈到主题，还未等到他们一步一步地从次要观点的阐述过渡到主要论点，时间已过去大半，不得不匆忙得出结论而收尾，作文也因此失分惨重。n 首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stickorholdtothetopic)，这就是段落的统一性(unity)。n 其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性(completenessoradequateness)。n 再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth)，这就是连贯性(coherence)。 下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。 1首段写作议论文的首段一般是摆明一种观点或者现象，说明文一般是现象，写起来很简单，基本结构是Topic sentence (统领全文)+explanation (支撑句) 或者example +comment (评价性的句子)A现象段落 当前校园中存在许多作弊的现象. Currently, college students in growing numbers are seeking to cheat in exams. According to a recent survey made by Mary Wang, head editor of the 21st Century, there are about 38.6% who had some cheating behaviors at college, even in College English Test. Such a phenomenon has caused wide public concern.B观点段落1. 有些人决定毕业后读研. 2. 有些人决定毕业后工作. 3. 我的看法. “Should college students go to work immediately or pursue their post graduate study after graduation? ” When it comes to such a question, people opinion varie