英语四六级作文技巧.doc

英语四六级作文技巧
(2010-06-12 14:32:12)
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英语四六级作文基本要求
v切题：所谓切题就是看你写的作文是否跑题。
v条理：所谓条理是指每一段的议论的正反清楚，说明的几个方面清楚，描述的时间正确。
语言和字数 ：句式多样,复杂得体。在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、并列句与复合句共用，还可使用简化句等；一些较复杂的结构如独立主格，分词结构等也可使用。
高分作文标志
四六级考试阅卷老师在阅卷的过程中最多的是关注同学们的用词和句型的使用。
v1：四级120-150字;六级150—180字;
2、是否长短句交叉;
3、用词是否恰当，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词;
4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词;
四六级作文的话题及分类
v话题 ：1 ）校内话题 2）校外话题，多校内话题。
v分类：1）议论文：正反对比题，现象分析题和 How to¡题。       2）图表题：属于议论文的现象分析题，夹叙夹议。
     3）记叙文。书信类
议论文的写法
v第一段：引出话题（不需陈述观点）。
v第二段、第三段是文章主体，详细分析，总结。
v  结构：主题句+扩展句（细节），总分结构。
v主题句的写法：简单明了，以简单句为多。
vTwo reasons may account for it./ There are two reasons for it.
v扩展句的写法：根据主题句的特点而定.当主题句中有集合名词（复数）时：破解法，如有两个名词复数选一。
vFor example: Automobiles play an important role in the daily activities.
v automobiles consist of bus, private cars, taxies, cranes and trains and so on.
vActivities consist of industry, service, agriculture, building and so on.
现象分析题的写法
v1. 开篇段。
v2. 原因段：a.主观原因（人为原因，内部原因），   b.客观原因（非人为原因，外部原因）
v3. 措施段：a.理论层面措施：建立相关法规，b.操作方面的措施（具体非法规）。
v 另外可写危害（2危害）：a.对个人的危害，b.对社会的危害。
How to …题写法
v 1. 开篇段。 2. 途径段 3.我的做法
正反对比题的写法
v1. 开篇段2. 别人的观点：a.正面观点 b.反面观点3. 我的看法（打算）。
图表型作文
v首先要看懂图或表所表示的意思，然后要根据题中所给出的中文文字来判断是写说明文还是议论文。如果是说明文的话，对图表的描写就要详细；如果是议论文的话，图表的描写就只是作文的一小部分，一般放在开头位置，图表的描写和数字的应用只是用来引出要议论的问题。
v表示趋势变动的英文单词有fluctuate，increase，decrease，drop，climb，decline，remain；相应的副词有dramatically，steadily，drastically，sharply，gradually等。曲线图的表示方法为line chart，饼图的表示方法为pie chart，柱状图的表示方法为bar chart，统计表格的表示方法为the table。
v单一项目变化的开头
vThe line/pie/bar chart reflects the fluctuation of 表中所表示的内容 over a 20-year period. As is obvious in the chart, 表中所表示的内容drop/increase steadily/drastically/sharply from 数字 to 数字 between time and time. And it reached its peak/bottom in 2000 as 数字, which is more/almost twice larger than in 1990.
v多项目同一时间比较的开头
vThe line/pie/bar chart reflects a sharp contrast of population shared by Asia, Europe and North America in 1998. As is obvious in the chart, Asia accounted for majority  share of 60%, while the proportion of Europeans was 15%, and that of North America turned out to be the smallest----only 9%.
v多项目不同时间比较的开头
vThe line/pie/bar chart reflects the various growth rate of population between 1980 and 2000 in the following continents, namely, Asia, Europe and North America. As is obvious in the chart, the data displays that Asia maintained its stable population proportion of approximately 60% with Europe
vexperiencing a drastic/sharp/gradual decline from 20% to 15% over the 20 years. As a small portion of the world’s population, North America had a minor fluctuation of about 1% in its population growth in the same period.
v图表作文一般分为两个步骤图表描述＋分析型或图表描述＋论述型，在图表描述＋分析型中的分析部分可以采用
vThere are three possible reasons for _A__ / What are the possible reasons for _A__? As is known to all, many experts point out that 原因一 contributes directly to _A__. What’s more, more and more people are beginning to realize/believe that 原因二。 Most importantly, 原因三(education is the most important aspect of life. In fact, education is as important as life itself).
图表式作文写作模板
vIt is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone  up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years （as X varies）。 At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of……（多少）。
vWhat is the reason for this change？ Mainly there are…… （多少）reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all,……（第一个原因）。 More importantly,……（第二个原因）。 Most important of all,……（第三个原因）。
vFrom the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time （if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势）。
写好一篇作文的注意事项：
v1.适当用被动代替主动，这样能更客观的反映事实,句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. )举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. Thus，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.
v2.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动后
v两边分别加上逗号。
v　　如however / therefore /for example/I believe做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
v　　比如说：Other individuals, however, take the attitude that…
v3.一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的代替太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion等等)比如上面例子中，applicable代替proper, approaches代替ways, implement代替carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge代替enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)
优秀作文(14分)的例子
v　         Computer and I ----by Simmy
v　　I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that I indulged myself in googling an army of useful information I had expected, and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music. That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me.
   exceedingly替换very　　thrilling替换exciting　　sth. exert a tremendous fascination on sb替换sb. be interested        in sth.
　　google替换search　　an army of替换a lot of
v　The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers. Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals. It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!
       The dawn of the new century witnessed是一个精彩句型，用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情;　　Increasing popularity替换more and more popular　　Coincident with…非常地道的词汇，表达“与…一致”的意思，替换With…　　Advancement替换development　　Pour into ( flood into / swarm into )替换enter into　    Current ( currently )替换now　　Appeal to sb.替换sb. be interested in sth.　　Growing individuals替换more and more people　It is no exaggeration to say经典句型，说某事是毫不夸张的
v　For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment. Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email.
        For a start替换To begin with　　We can, freely, search用了插入语的写作手法　　our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.用了非常精彩的被动　　Additionally替换In addition / Besides　　Deliver替换send
vThere is no denying that, however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen, which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying.
There is no denying that, however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings,这个句子有三个精彩之处，首先There is no denying that这个句型，还有however作为插入语，function in the disservice of替换do harm to
　　Emerging代替appearing ( fading代替disappearing )　　Net citizen网民，属于精彩用词
vAs a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds. Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts. We should, therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.
       No garden has no weeds替换Every coin has two   sides
　　Computers do play，do强调　　Positive替换important / good等　　A slice of替换a part of　　Unfavorable替换bad
　　Impacts替换effects / influences　　We should, therefore, take advantage of…使用插入语    Fruits (而且fruits用的非常形象，merits/ virtues)替换advantage ( defects替换disadvantage )　　Facet替换aspect
v　　各位同学，上面的作文里有这么多精彩的闪光点，作文怎么会不得高分呢!
30个最经典的替换词
v1.individuals,characters,folks替换（people ,persons)
v2. positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
v3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换 eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
v4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.
v5. a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
v6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)
v7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing      8: shared 代 common      9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )
v10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
v11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.
v12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly       13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful
v14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer      15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very
v16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
v17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
v18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.     19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
v20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear
v21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.     22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth
v23.desire 替换want.   24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to    25.bear in mind that 替换remember
v26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)      27. interaction替换communication
v28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth     29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
v30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
句子写作技巧
v一、定语从句
v两并列关系的分句，如果前后有共同内容（名词或代词），那么拒绝使用and，而采用定语从句法莱构建分句：即将其中一个分句写出一个主句，另一分句用定语从句。
v一些大学生愿意去农村工作，在哪里他们可以更好地发挥知识。
vA number of college students will ( are willing to) work in countryside, where they can make better use of their knowledge.
v2. 补句
v1）直接补定语从句
vHe wants to study in NOS, an English training school, which has developed quickly in past years.
v句型： 主句+同位语短语+定语从句
v一个结论：当一句话里有时间状语、地点状语或人名、或同时存在，一定要在其中一个后面填补一个结构，即同位语短语+定语从句，地点状语一般放在最后，一般可补定语。
vLast week, an accident happened in Time Street, a commercial street, in which there are a lot of shops.
v2)补结局
vHe won the full scholarship, making himself famous.
vHeavy snow fell on Mountain Tai, making the number of tourists decrease sharply.
v3)把抽象动作、笼统动作具体化。
vThe authorities should take measures, establishing laws, arousing people’s awareness.
vI will step out of the campus, doing some part- time jobs.
四级作文模板
一. 对比选择型
              Study Abroad or in China?
      There is no consensus（the same opinion) of opinions among people as to whether  students should study abroad or not. Some people are of the view that the youths should go overseas for further study if possible, while others take an opposite stand, firmly believing that it is of no necessity for students to study in a foreign country .
v     Those people who maintain that it is good for students to go abroad for further study believe that diverse culture background can broaden students’ horizon. They also claim that overseas study can shape students’ personality because they are forced to deal with all kinds of difficulties by themselves.
v    Nevertheless, the other people who contend that domestic education is good enough for students argue that our educational quality has been greatly improved during the past decade. They also point out that domestic education is convenient and economical
v    As far as I am concerned, the former opinion holds more weight. For one thing, it can strengthen the learners’ abilities to understand and communicate with people from other cultures. For another, the developed countries still have a lot advanced knowledge which is worth our study. When all the factors are examined, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that studying abroad if possible is advisable.
Should We Have More
Official Holidays?
v  It is established from this year on that three other festivals will become public holidays in our country. They are Qing Ming (Tomb-Sweeping Day), Dragon Boat and Mid-Autumn Festivals. This year is the first year for the festivals to be public holidays.
v    Facing the new holidays, different people have different opinions. Those who are in favor of the practice think these traditional festivals have rich cultural connotations and have played important role in carrying on the traditional customs from generation to generation. They still function as an adhesive for Chinese people of different ethnic groups.
v    But some sociologists do not agree. They argue that Chinese people already have enough holidays and it is not necessary to turn these traditional festivals into official holidays. Besides, to add more holidays is a significant issue that concerns the whole nation and it will unavoidably affect some industries and finally the economy of the whole country.
v     So far as I am concerned, I agree with the former group in that an increasing number of people , especially the young people are embracing the western festivals, leaving our own behind. On the other hand, during the past six years the holidays were so concentrated that the quality of people’s travelling were negatively influenced due to the contradictions between consumer demands and service capacity. So I believe adding more public holidays can solve the problems to some extent.
v         二、 观点论证型
模板：It is true that (指出普遍存在的观点). However, (谈不同的观点). I think (提出自己的观点，即文章的论点). (过渡句，转向观点的论证，根据情况选择具体的词) can be listed as follows.
Firstly, (论证理由一). Secondly, (论证理由二). For example, (举例具体说明理由二). Thirdly, (论证理由三). A case in point is that (举例具体说明理由三)
v    It goes without saying that (转折句，提出执行该观点时应注意的事项). There is no doubt that (得出结论). In conclusion (总结全文).
真题演练： It Pays to be Honest（2003年1月）
v    It is true that most of us value honesty highly. However, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities and so on. I think that we should be honest because being honest is not only beneficial to ourselves but also to others and the whole society. The reasons can be listed as follows.
v    Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends over a long period of time. Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the Chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious. For example, consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers are honest, and thus dealers can win over more customers. Thirdly, honesty can make our society more stable. A case in point is that Singapore, a society featuring trustworthiness and integrity, has a comparatively low criminal rate.
       It goes without saying that being honest is of great benefit to both the community and individuals. There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty. In conclusion, laying stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society.
三. 问题解决型
v