2021年高考英语二轮复习-词性转换语法突破训练.doc

2021年高考英语二轮复习 词性转换语法突破训练2021年高考英语二轮复习 词性转换语法突破训练年级：姓名：词性转换考点一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationexpectexpectation 期望correctcorrection 改正celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会attractattraction 吸引concludeconclusion 结论discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论特殊：explainexplanation 解释admitadmission 接纳；准许入学competecompetition 比赛，竞争pronouncepronunciation 发音describedescription 描写decidedecision 决定inviteinvitation 邀请graduategraduation 毕业er/ordrivedriver司机；驾驶员announceannouncer 广播员conductconductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府特殊：argueargument 辩论；论据ance/enceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅特殊：guideguidance 指引；指导ingbeginbeginning开始ure/turefailfailure失败；倒闭presspressure 压力departdeparture 离开；出发mixmixture 混合；混合物特殊：exposeexposure 暴露yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage 不足；短缺cyaccurateaccuracy准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密efficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅domfreefreedom自由；自主特殊：wisewisdom 明智；智慧boredboredom 厌烦ence/ancedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默patientpatience 耐心absentabsence 缺席presentpresence 出席confidentconfidence 信心convenientconvenience 便利importantimportance 重要nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thwarmwarmth 温暖；热情特殊：strongstrength 力气；强项deepdepth 深度longlength 长度widewidth 宽度y/ty/ityhonesthonesty 诚实difficultdifficulty 困难safesafety 安全cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴特殊：responsibleresponsibility 责任disabledisability 无能；伤残考点二、名词或动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 加下划线的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern 东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的注意：ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”，通常修饰人；ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人的”，通常修饰物或事。 考点三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加lyclearclearly清楚地greatgreatly 很，大大地以辅音字母y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加lyhappyhappily高兴地heavyheavily 沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加yterribleterribly可怕地；极度地gentlegently 轻轻地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加lytruetruly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加yfullfully充分地；完全地dulldully 迟钝地词尾为ic的形容词，加allybasicbasically主要地，基本上scientificscientifically 合乎科学地注意：以下形容词变副词的拼写：wholewholly完全地shyshyly害羞地drydryly/drily干燥地 答题技巧点拨 理清两种情况，突破词性转换一、从句法功用上看，理清“修饰与被修饰”1名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。She is determined to carry on with her (educate)分析education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.分析development考查词性转化。根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。2形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.分析suddenlysudden此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。3形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后。At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.分析freelyfree此处需要用形容词作表语。be free from them“摆脱他们”。4形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so (beauty)分析beautiful使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。5副词在句中修饰动词。The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.分析officially此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。6副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。Dad and I were terrible worried.分析terribleterribly此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。7副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.分析Luckily此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。8要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint)分析disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。二、从“词性”变化上看，理清“词形”的变化特点词形变化是重点，注意特殊形和变：以e结尾加ly，切记true需把e去；ble，ple都是去e加y。另外需注意形副同形词。Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.分析steadysteadily谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular)分析regularly此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语“take short breaks”。My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.分析immediateimmediately此处修饰“jumped up”，故应用副词形式。一、构词法I.单句语法填空1. According to a UN report，one third of the world population have no _(access) to clean drinking water and health care.2. Getting up at noon is part of his routine.He leads a(n)_(regular) life. 3. Nowadays young people never _(will) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.4. There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly _(benefit)，but the misuse and over use of them may cause a lot of problems.5. What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be _(thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.6. The museums online store now offers special cultural and_(create) products. For example，in 2014，it started to make T-shirts that look like an emperors coat.7. The _(success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe.8. Its not really_(surprise) that reading be-came her vocation.9. Its so _(comfort) to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt.10. It was a little far to her car and it was a _(fog) day yesterday in Missouri.11. The Theater District is a popular tourist _(attract) in New York City.12. When the salesgirl walked into the shop，she sensed something_(usual) . Can someone have got in?13. The river _(wide) as it flows.14. Despicable Me is such an _(enjoy) movie that children all over the world love it.15. Professor Huang is always _(sense) to the reaction of the students when he gives lecture，16. All students without _(except) must take the English examination.17. During training，an_ (instruct) talked in detail about the situation in Liberia. An officer even expected that they would face tough conditions and loneliness.18. Im a _(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.19. The _(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.20. Ace or ding to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total _(globe) fertilizer consumption. 单句改错1. I will be fully occupied in preparing for an importance lecture coming the day after tomorrow.2. Eventually, members of the English club will exchange gifts.Im sure it will be a warmly get-together.3. Passing through several streets，we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later， I still couldnt bear to keep my eyes widely open.4. However，my favourite subject is music，especially classical music which often makes my heart peacefully.5. When people have hotpot together，what real matters is not only the food but also the atmosphere. 语法语篇填空 One of the purposes of childrens slang(俚语)_l_(be) to stop adults from being able to understand what theyre saying. Obviously, the strategy works. A recent research shows that_2_majority of adults cant translate the meaning of common slang. In a survey of 4,5000 people last month,”_3_was found that 85 percent of adults didnt understand the translations of emoji(表情符号) and text. I The researchers warned that a lack of_4_(aware) of what children are communicating online can leave them unprotected，with phrases that express eating disorders and unhappiness not_5_(understand) .For young people growing up with technology，this new language comes_6_(natural)，but its leaving some adults unsure about_7_is being said by their children online. Its important for adults to speak to young people about how they use social media and chat online. Caroline Bunting，general manager at Internet matters，said“While it is unrealistic to expect parents_8_(know) every piece of Internet slang their children will ever see, online safety starts_9_a conversation. Its vital for parents to talk to their kids about their digital worlds，including all_10_(sort) of things they might experience online and the types of problems to be aware of.” 二、情景交际I.用适当的词或括号内内容提示填空1. -Frank，Ive learned about your plan. May I make some suggestions? -_right ahead. It doesnt mater.2. -Thank you for your Kindle. Ill ask Tony to take it back to you soon.-No _,Ive bought a new one.3. -Why didnt you comeback last night? I waited long! -Dont _me that. You were playing games the whole night.4. -Do you think I should join the singing group， Mary? -_not? If I were in your shoes，I certainly would.5. -There is always so much work to do. Im going to be driven mad.-Keep _(冷静) . Itll be all right.6. -I cant tolerate the air pollution here anymore. -_You it. Weve never had so many chemical factories before.7. -Should I take this course?-Its _ _you. I dont know much about it.8. -Do you enjoy your present job as a salesman? -Not _I just do it for a living.9. -Did you have butterflies in your stomach at the interview? -You _(的确； 当然) . That was my first job interview.10. -The free gift doesnt look good. -No_，madam，but if you want good quality，you have to pay for it.11. -Alice， remember to return the book tomorrow. -_it.(好的、明白了、理解了) ，Ive already finished it：12. -Why cant I use the gym in the hotel? -No _(并无恶意， 请勿见怪) ，but your room price doesnt cover it.13. -Im afraid nobody else agrees with you. -So_ (那又怎样) ? Ill do what I think right!14. -Why dint you pay the accommodation rent? -The rent? That isnt _(到期) yet till Sunday.15. -Hello，Sherry. This is John. Im calling from work. Hows your mother feeling?-Thats_(体贴) of you. She is out of hospital，but the doctor suggested she stay in bed a few more days.II.根据括号内内容提示填空16. -Ouch，mum! A fish bone has stuck in my teeth! -_care(别紧张，放轻松) ，Lucy. I am coming.17. -It shouldnt take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help. -Thats right.Many hands _light work.(人多力量大)18. -Smoking should be banned in public places. -Im _on that. (在这点上我同意你的观点) It is harmful to both the smokers and non-smokers.19. -I feel so upset. Im afraid Ill be fired for the terrible economic crisis. -_up!(振作起来) Things are not so bad as they seem.20. -Lucy， could you please spare me a few minutes? - I guess ，_(我想可以) but I hope“a few minutes”wont turn into an hour.21. -It took me eight years to buildup my business，and it almost killed me. -Well，you know what they say. No pains，_(不劳则无获)22. -Would you mind if I open the window? -_you didnt.(我希望你不开) I feel a bit cold.23. -Whats the matter?You really look down. -Mind your own_ (不关你的事儿) -Well，better luck next time.24. -Peter，you seem in high spirits. -Guess_ ?(你猜怎么着) I have been offered apart-time job in the KFC.25. -Excuse me，Miss， but may I share your table? -Of course.Be my_ .(请自便)26. -I feel nervous when taking an exam. -Take it _(别紧张，放轻松) and you can do it well.27. -So you missed the football match held yesterday? -_exactly.(不完全是) I got there15 minutes before the end of it.28. -There wont be anywhere to park.均 -Oh，thats a good_(很有道理，说得好) Lets try the subway.29. -I will be a vice president in a year or two. -You cant be serious!I wouldnt_ on it.(我看不一定)30. -You just missed Jimmy. Hes having a meeting. -Oh，thats a _(太遗憾了) Do you know when he will be back?31. -Dont worry， Mum.The doctor said it was only the flu. -What a _!(真让人轻松) Ill tell dad theres nothing serious.32. -Are you going to take part in the speech contest? -Thats for _(肯定的) It is too good an opportunity to miss.一、 构词法I.单句语法填空1. access句意：根据联合国的一则报告，世界上三分之一的人喝不到干净的饮用水，得不到好的医疗保2.irregular从前面的Getting up at noon可知，他的生活不规律，因此用regular的反义词irregular。3.willingly句意：如今年轻人从不愿意让他们的创造力受到父母或传统规则的限制。空格处用来修饰谓语动词let，应用副词，will先转化为形容词willing，willing的副词形式是在其后直接加-ly。4.beneficial考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。5.thankful考查形容词。be动词后一般跟形容词作表语，故此处应用形容词形式。6.creative此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。7.successful句意：这位成功的渔夫邀请长官来陪伴观察。分析句子结构可知所填词位于名词前做定语，用形容词。8.surprising本句中的it指代后面that从句的内容：根据句意用以修饰一件事情，所以使用现在分词转换的形容词surprising“令人惊讶的”做表语。9.uncomfortable根据空后的self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt判断前面应填“不舒服的”， Its后应用形容词做表语，故填uncomfortable。10.foggy此处为形容词做定语，修饰名词day，故用foggy。11.attraction句意：剧院区是纽约一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地。设空处作is的表语，其前有不定冠词a及popular tourist修饰， 应用名词单数。12.unusual句意：当女售货员走进商店的时候，她察觉到了异常的情况，可能有人进来过了吗?这里用usual的反义词unusual，表示“不寻常的”。13.widens句意：这条河越流越宽。句子缺少谓语，因此要用动词。wide的动词形式是widen， 又因主语是the river， 因此用第三人称单数widens。14.enjoyable句意：神偷奶爸是一部如此令人喜欢的电影以至于全世界的孩子都喜欢。考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，此空应用形容词作定语修饰movie。15.sensitive句意；黄教授讲课时对学生的反应总是很敏感。考查形容词。设空处应用形容词作表语，sensitive敏感的； 体贴的。be sensitive to对.敏感。16.exception句意；所有学生都必须参加英语考试，无一例外。考查固定短语。without exception无一例外。17.instructor句意：在训练期间，教官详细介绍了利比亚局势。一位官员甚至预计他们会面临艰苦的条件和孤独。本题考查名词。根据空前面的不定冠词an可知，应该填单数可数名词，再结合句意可