2021年高考英语二轮复习-词性转换语法突破训练.doc

2021年高考英语二轮复习 词性转换语法突破训练

2021年高考英语二轮复习 词性转换语法突破训练

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词性转换
考点一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
­ion/­tion/
­sion/­ation
expect→expectation　 　期望
correct→correction 改正
celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会
attract→attraction 吸引
conclude→conclusion 结论
discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论
特殊：explain→explanation 解释
admit→admission 接纳；准许入学
compete→competition 比赛，竞争
pronounce→pronunciation 发音
describe→description 描写
decide→decision　　 决定
invite→invitation 邀请
graduate→graduation 毕业
­er/­or
drive→driver　　　　　　司机；驾驶员
announce→announcer 广播员
conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
­ment
punish→punishment　　惩罚
achieve→achievement 功绩；成就
treat→treatment 对待；治疗
equip→equipment 装备；设备
govern→government 政府
特殊：argue→argument 辩论；论据
­ance/­ence
appear→appearance　　出现；外貌
perform→performance 表演；节目
exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
refer→reference 参考；查阅
特殊：guide→guidance 指引；指导
­ing
begin→beginning　　　　开始
­ure/­ture
fail→failure　　失败；倒闭
press→pressure 压力
depart→departure 离开；出发
mix→mixture 混合；混合物
特殊：expose→exposure 暴露
­y
recover→recovery　 恢复；痊愈
discover→discovery 发现
其他
choose→choice　　　　　选择
vary→variety 多样化；种类
tend→tendency 趋向；趋势

2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
­age
short→shortage　　 　　　不足；短缺
­cy
accurate→accuracy　　准确性
private→privacy 隐私；私密
efficient→efficiency 效率；功效
fluent→fluency 流利；流畅
­dom
free→freedom　　　　自由；自主　
特殊：wise→wisdom 明智；智慧　
bored→boredom 厌烦
­ence/­ance
different→difference　 差异
silent→silence 沉默
patient→patience 耐心
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
confident→confidence 信心
convenient→convenience 便利
important→importance 重要
­ness
weak→weakness　　虚弱；弱点
kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
­th
warm→warmth　　　　 温暖；热情　
特殊：strong→strength 力气；强项
deep→depth 深度
long→length 长度
wide→width 宽度
­y/­ty/­ity
honest→honesty　　 诚实
difficult→difficulty 困难
safe→safety 安全
cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴　
特殊：responsible→responsibility 责任
disable→disability 无能；伤残

考点二、名词或动词转化为形容词的规律

后缀
例词
­able
accept→acceptable　可接受的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
suit→suitable 合适的
reason→reasonable 有道理的
­al
music→musical　音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
center→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
­ful
doubt→doubtful　怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
harm→harmful 有害的
hope→hopeful 有希望的
peace→peaceful 和平的
­ed
scare→scared　　感到恐惧的
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
underline→underlined 加下划线的
­ing
surprise→surprising　 令人惊异的
convince→convincing 令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
­ible
access→accessible　　容易取得的
horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的
­ive
act→active　　　积极的；活跃的
effect→effective 有效的；生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
­ous
continue→continuous　不断的；持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
humor→humorous 幽默的
­some
tire→tiresome　　令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
­y
taste→tasty　　 美味的；可口的
health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
­ern
east→eastern　 东方的；向东的
­ish
child→childish　孩子气的
fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的
self→selfish 自私的

注意：­ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；­ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。　

考点三、形容词转化为副词的规律

类别
例词
直接加­ly
clear→clearly　清楚地
great→greatly 很，大大地
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加­ly
happy→happily高兴地
heavy→heavily 沉重地
词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加­y
terrible→terribly可怕地；极度地
gentle→gently 轻轻地
词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加­ly
true→truly　　真实地
词尾为ll的形容词，直接加­y
full→fully　　充分地；完全地
dull→dully 迟钝地
词尾为­ic的形容词，加­ally
basic→basically　主要地，基本上
scientific→scientifically
合乎科学地

注意：以下形容词变副词的拼写：whole→wholly完全地　shy→shyly害羞地　dry→dryly/drily干燥地　

答题技巧点拨 理清两种情况，突破词性转换
一、从句法功用上看，理清“修饰与被修饰”
1．名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。
She is determined to carry on with her (educate)．
[分析]　education　前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词
形式education作宾语。
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly
551 to 479 B．C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.
[分析]　development　考查词性转化。根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需
要名词。
2．形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。
It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
[分析]　suddenly→sudden　此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的
停止”。
3．形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后。
At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be
freely from them.
[分析]　freely→free　此处需要用形容词作表语。be free from them“摆脱他们”。
4．形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。
As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so
(beauty)．
[分析]　beautiful　使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。
5．副词在句中修饰动词。
The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
[分析]　officially　此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。
6．副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。
Dad and I were terrible worried.
[分析]　terrible→terribly　此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。
7．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。
(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
[分析]　Luckily　此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。
8．要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。
There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very
anxious and (disappoint)．
[分析]　disappointed　disappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用­ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。
二、从“词性”变化上看，理清“词形”的变化特点
词形变化是重点，注意特殊形和变：以­e结尾加­ly，切记true需把­e去；­ble，­ple都是去­e加­y。另外需注意形副同形词。
Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.
[分析]　steady→steadily　谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处
应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。
Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks
(regular)．
[分析]　regularly　此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语“take short breaks”。
My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.
[分析]　immediate→immediately　此处修饰“jumped up”，故应用副词形式。

一、构词法
I.单句语法填空
1. According to a UN report，one third of the world population have no ______(access) to clean drinking water and health care.
2. Getting up at noon is part of his routine.He leads a(n)_______(regular) life.
3. Nowadays young people never ______(will) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.
4. There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly _______(benefit)，but the misuse and over use of them may cause a lot of problems.
5. What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be ______(thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.
6. The museum's online store now offers special cultural and_______(create) products. For example，in 2014，it started to make T-shirts that look like an emperors coat.
7. The _______(success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe.
8. It's not really_______(surprise) that reading be-came her vocation.
9. It's so _______(comfort) to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt.
10. It was a little far to her car and it was a _______(fog) day yesterday in Missouri.
11. The Theater District is a popular tourist ______(attract) in New York City.
12. When the salesgirl walked into the shop，she sensed something______(usual) . Can someone have got in?
13. The river _______(wide) as it flows.
14. Despicable Me is such an ________(enjoy) movie that children all over the world love it.
15. Professor Huang is always ______(sense) to the reaction of the students when he gives lecture，
16. All students without _______(except) must take the English examination.
17. During training，an______ (instruct) talked in detail about the situation in Liberia. An officer even expected that they would face tough conditions and loneliness.
18. I'm a _______(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
19. The ______(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
20. Ace or ding to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total ______(globe) fertilizer consumption.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1. I will be fully occupied in preparing for an importance lecture coming the day after tomorrow.
2. Eventually, members of the English club will exchange gifts.I'm sure it will be a warmly get-together.
3. Passing through several streets，we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later， I still couldn't bear to keep my eyes widely open.
4. However，my favourite subject is music，especially classical music which often makes my heart peacefully.
5. When people have hotpot together，what real matters is not only the food but also the atmosphere.
Ⅲ. 语法语篇填空
One of the purposes of children's slang(俚语)___l___(be) to stop adults from being able to understand what they're saying. Obviously, the strategy works. A recent research shows that___2___majority of adults can't translate the meaning of common slang.
In a survey of 4,5000 people last month,”___3___was found that 85 percent of adults didn't understand the translations of emoji(表情符号) and text. I The researchers warned that a lack of___4___(aware) of what children are communicating online can leave them unprotected，with phrases that express eating disorders and unhappiness not___5___(understand) .
For young people growing up with technology，this new language comes___6___(natural)，but it's leaving some adults unsure about___7___is being said by their children online. It's important for adults to speak to young people about how they use social media and chat online.
Caroline Bunting，general manager at Internet matters，said“While it is unrealistic to expect parents___8___(know) every piece of Internet slang their children will ever see, online safety starts___9___a conversation. It's vital for parents to talk to their kids about their digital worlds，including all___10___(sort) of things they might experience online and the types of problems to be aware of.”
二、情景交际
I.用适当的词或括号内内容提示填空
1. ---Frank，I’ve learned about your plan. May I make some suggestions?
---______right ahead. It doesn’t mater.
2. ---Thank you for your Kindle. I’ll ask Tony to take it back to you soon.
---No ______,I’ve bought a new one.
3. ---Why didn't you comeback last night? I waited long!
---Don't ______me that. You were playing games the whole night.
4. ---Do you think I should join the singing group， Mary?
---_______not? If I were in your shoes，I certainly would.
5. ---There is always so much work to do. I’m going to be driven mad.
---Keep _______(冷静) . It'll be all right.
6. ---I can't tolerate the air pollution here anymore.
---______You it. We've never had so many chemical factories before.
7. ---Should I take this course?
---It’s ______ ______you. I don't know much about it.
8. ---Do you enjoy your present job as a salesman?
---Not ______I just do it for a living.
9. ---Did you have butterflies in your stomach at the interview?
---You ______(的确； 当然) . That was my first job interview.
10. ---The free gift doesn't look good.
---No________，madam，but if you want good quality，you have to pay for it.
11. ---Alice， remember to return the book tomorrow.
---________it.(好的、明白了、理解了) ，I’ve already finished it：
12. ---Why can't I use the gym in the hotel?
---No _______(并无恶意， 请勿见怪) ，but your room price doesn't cover it.
13. ---I’m afraid nobody else agrees with you.
---So________ (那又怎样) ? I'll do what I think right!
14. ---Why dint you pay the accommodation rent?
---The rent? That isn't _______(到期) yet till Sunday.
15. ---Hello，Sherry. This is John. I’m calling from work. How's your mother feeling?
---That’s_______(体贴) of you. She is out of hospital，but the doctor suggested she stay in bed a few more days.
II.根据括号内内容提示填空
16. ---Ouch，mum! A fish bone has stuck in my teeth!
---______care(别紧张，放轻松) ，Lucy. I am coming.
17. ---It shouldn't take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.
---That's right.Many hands ______light work.(人多力量大)
18. ---Smoking should be banned in public places.
---I’m ______on that. (在这点上我同意你的观点) It is harmful to both the smokers and non-smokers.
19. ---I feel so upset. I'm afraid I'll be fired for the terrible economic crisis.
---______up!(振作起来) Things are not so bad as they seem.
20. ---Lucy， could you please spare me a few minutes?
--- I guess ，_______(我想可以) but I hope“a few minutes”won't turn into an hour.
21. ---It took me eight years to buildup my business，and it almost killed me.
---Well，you know what they say. No pains，________(不劳则无获)
22. ---Would you mind if I open the window?
---_______you didn't.(我希望你不开) I feel a bit cold.
23. ---What's the matter?You really look down.
---Mind your own______ (不关你的事儿)
---Well，better luck next time.
24. ---Peter，you seem in high spirits.
---Guess______ ?(你猜怎么着) I have been offered apart-time job in the KFC.
25. ---Excuse me，Miss， but may I share your table?
---Of course.Be my_______ .(请自便)
26. ---I feel nervous when taking an exam.
---Take it ______(别紧张，放轻松) and you can do it well.
27. ---So you missed the football match held yesterday?
---_______exactly.(不完全是) I got there15 minutes before the end of it.
28. ---There won't be anywhere to park.均
---Oh，that's a good_______(很有道理，说得好) Let's try the subway.
29. ---I will be a vice president in a year or two.
---You can't be serious!I wouldn't______ on it.(我看不一定)
30. ---You just missed Jimmy. He's having a meeting.
---Oh，that's a _______(太遗憾了) Do you know when he will be back?
31. ---Don't worry， Mum.The doctor said it was only the flu.
---What a ______!(真让人轻松) I'll tell dad there's nothing serious.
32. ---Are you going to take part in the speech contest?
---That's for _______(肯定的) It is too good an opportunity to miss.

一、 构词法
I.单句语法填空
1. access句意：根据联合国的一则报告，世界上三分之一的人喝不到干净的饮用水，得不到好的医疗保
2.irregular从前面的Getting up at noon可知，他的生活不规律，因此用regular的反义词irregular。
3.willingly句意：如今年轻人从不愿意让他们的创造力受到父母或传统规则的限制。空格处用来修饰谓语动词let，应用副词，will先转化为形容词willing，willing的副词形式是在其后直接加-ly。
4.beneficial考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。
5.thankful考查形容词。be动词后一般跟形容词作表语，故此处应用形容词形式。

6.creative此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。
7.successful句意：这位成功的渔夫邀请长官来陪伴观察。分析句子结构可知所填词位于名词前做定语，用形容词。
8.surprising本句中的it指代后面that从句的内容：根据句意用以修饰一件事情，所以使用现在分词转换的形容词surprising“令人惊讶的”做表语。
9.uncomfortable根据空后的self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt判断前面应填“不舒服的”， It's后应用形容词做表语，故填uncomfortable。
10.foggy此处为形容词做定语，修饰名词day，故用foggy。
11.attraction句意：剧院区是纽约一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地。设空处作is的表语，其前有不定冠词a及popular tourist修饰， 应用名词单数。
12.unusual句意：当女售货员走进商店的时候，她察觉到了异常的情况，可能有人进来过了吗?这里用usual的反义词unusual，表示“不寻常的”。
13.widens句意：这条河越流越宽。句子缺少谓语，因此要用动词。wide的动词形式是widen， 又因主语是the river， 因此用第三人称单数widens。
14.enjoyable句意：《神偷奶爸》是一部如此令人喜欢的电影以至于全世界的孩子都喜欢。考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，此空应用形容词作定语修饰movie。
15.sensitive句意；黄教授讲课时对学生的反应总是很敏感。考查形容词。设空处应用形容词作表语，sensitive敏感的； 体贴的。be sensitive to对......敏感。
16.exception句意；所有学生都必须参加英语考试，无一例外。考查固定短语。without exception无一例外。
17.instructor句意：在训练期间，教官详细介绍了利比亚局势。一位官员甚至预计他们会面临艰苦的条件和孤独。本题考查名词。根据空前面的不定冠词an可知，应该填单数可数名词，再结合句意可