2022届高考英语一轮复习-选修10-Unit-1-Building-the-future讲义教案.doc

2022届高考英语一轮复习 选修10 Unit 1 Building the future讲义教案

2022届高考英语一轮复习 选修10 Unit 1 Building the future讲义教案

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选修10
Unit 1　Building the future　

Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
Sustainable development is defined as balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. The linkage between environment and development was first made in 1980, when the International Union for the Conservation of Nature published the World Conservation Strategy and used the term “sustainable development. ” The concept came into general usage following the publication of the 1987 report of the Brundtland Commission — formally, the World Commission on Environment and Development. Set up by the United
Nations General Assembly, the Brundtland Commission coined what was to become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that “meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ”
The field of sustainable development can be conceptually broken into four constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, social sustainability and political sustainability.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中表示可持续发展的单词和短语。
balance, natural, environment, future generations, environmental, economic, social, political, sustainability  
2. How to understand the definition of sustainable development?
It means that we should not only develop for our generation, but also leave room for the development of future generations.  

Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. expense n. 费用, 开销
【典型例句】
I’d like to know the prices of the routes, covering all the traveling expenses.
我想知道这个线路的价格, 包括所有的旅行开支。
【词块必记】
at the expense of　　　在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下; 以……为代价; 由……支付费用
at one’s expense 由某人付钱
spare no expense 不惜一切代价
living expenses　 生活费用
【知识拓展】
“以……为代价”除了at the expense of之外, 还有:
at the cost of, at the price of, at the sacrifice of。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①During the war without blood, millions of touching figures rescued others at the expense of their families and even lives.  
在这场没有鲜血的战争中, 数百万令人感动的人物在牺牲他们的家人甚至自己生命的情况下拯救了他人。
②As you enjoy the beauty of the nature, you should spare no expense to protect it.  
由于你喜欢大自然的美丽, 你应该不惜一切代价去保护它。
【写作金句】
From my perspective, by no means can asking for excessive living expenses be taken for granted. 在我看来, 要求过多的生活费用绝不可以被认为是理所当然的。
2. weaken v. 减弱, 削弱
【教材原句】
This means that a country’s debt weakens its development. (P9)
这意味着一个国家的债务削弱它的发展。
【词块必记】
(1)weak　　　　　　　 adj. 弱的, 虚弱的; 衰弱的, 软弱的, 懦弱的
be weak in　　　 在……方面薄弱
(2)weakness n. [U]虚弱, 软弱[C]弱点
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Please give us some guidance and training in our pronunciation, because we think we are weak in it.
②Students’ ability to write Chinese characters has been weakened (weak).
③You need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses (weak), etc.
【写作金句】 The excessive use of the network may weaken students’ ability to solve problems themselves. 过度使用网络会削弱学生们自己解决问题的能力。
3. put pressure on somebody (to do something) 促使; 迫使; 劝说; 给某人施加压力(做某事)
【典型例句】
Parents and teachers put pressure on the students and neglect what they really need.
父母和老师给学生们施加压力, 忽视了他们真正需要的。
【词块必记】
(1)pressure 　　　　　 n. 压力; 压迫
under pressure 在压力之下; 被迫, 迫不得已
under the pressure of 在……压力下
(2)pressure v. 施加压力, 迫使
pressure sb. to do sth. =pressure sb. into doing sth.
迫使某人做某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Many students are seeking for comfort, because they are under increasing pressure.
②My parents often push me to study hard, which puts too much pressure on me.
③I don’t think that my parents can pressure me into choosing (choose) a major I don’t like.
完成句子
④He had to do part-time job under the pressure of supporting a big family.  
在供养一个大家庭的压力下, 他不得不做兼职工作。
4. catch up on (用额外时间)补做; 赶做; 补上; 得到……的消息(已发生的事情)
【教材原句】
As a result, these countries are always struggling to catch up on their repayments. (P9)
结果, 这些国家总是在努力弥补他们的债务。
【词块必记】
catch up with　　　　　　　跟上; 赶上
catch hold of 抓住; 抓牢
catch one’s eyes/attention 引起某人的注意
catch sight of 看见
catch on 理解; 流行
catch sb. doing sth. 发现(撞见)某人做某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I am sorry to know that you can’t catch up with others in your class.
②Given that I’m getting better, I hope you can give me two more days to catch up on my homework.
③I can’t believe that he was caught cheating (cheat) in the final exam.
【写作金句】
Would you please give me some advice on English learning so that I can catch up with them next term? 你可以给我一些学习英语的建议以便于我能够在下学期赶上他们吗?
5. There is a saying that goes, “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for the rest of his life”. 有句俗语是这样说的, “授人以鱼, 三餐之需; 授人以渔, 终生之用。” 
【典型例句】
There is a saying that goes, “practice makes perfect”.
有句俗话是这样说的, “熟能生巧。”
【句型公式】
There is a saying that goes+从句　 (谚语、消息等)说法是……
As the old saying goes. . . 常言道……
There is no denying that. . . 不可否认……
There is a chance that. . . 有可能……
There is a possibility that. . . 有可能……
There is no point(in)doing sth. 做某事没有意义
There is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人没必要做某事
【语境速测】 完成句子
①There is a saying that goes , “A friend in need is a friend indeed. ”有句俗话是这样说的, “患难见真情。” 
②There is no denying that people who like the mobile phone are concerned about its attractive functions.  
不可否认, 喜欢手机的人关心它的吸引人的功能。
③Actually, there is no need to worry about whether you will win or lose. 实际上, 你没必要担忧输赢。 
【文化金句】
Just as an old Chinese saying goes, “he who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man”.
正如有句中国俗话所说, “不到长城非好汉”。
【备选要点】
1. beyond prep. 超出(……之外); 非……所能及; 在(或向)……的那一边
【教材原句】
This is beyond doubt an amazing achievement, but is it enough? (P2)毫无疑问这是一个令人惊叹的成就, 但这就够了吗?
【词块必记】
beyond one’s reach　　　　　在某人够不着的地方
beyond belief/recognition/doubt/control/description
难以置信/认不出来/毫无疑问/无法控制/难以描述
beyond/out of range(of sth. ) 在……范围外
beyond one’s wildest dreams 出乎某人意料的(地), 超过某人所期望的(地)
【熟词生义】
My interests extended beyond the fine arts to philosophy. (prep. 涵盖, 包括)
我的兴趣广泛, 涵盖了从美术到哲学的各个领域。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①These people predict that human babies would soon be cloned and that it would be beyond control .  
这些人预测很可能会克隆孩子, 并且那样将会失控。
②At that moment, my feeling of content and pride was beyond description .  
在那一刻, 我的满足感和自豪感无以言表。
③Unluckily, the kite was beyond our reach .  
不幸的是, 风筝在我们够不着的地方。
【写作金句】
I got the “Top Ten Prize” out of 30 competitors, which was totally beyond my imagination.
我在三十名比赛者中脱颖而出, 荣获“十佳奖”, 这完全超出我的想象。
2. fashion n. 时装业; 时尚; 流行款式
【典型例句】
Now many students have iPads and think it’s a fashion to use them.
现在很多学生有iPads, 并且认为用它们很时尚。
【词块必记】
(1)out of fashion　　　　过时的
in fashion　　　　 新潮的
come/grow into fashion 流行起来, 开始风行
follow the fashion 赶时髦
(2)fashionable adj. 时尚的; 流行的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Some girl teenagers like buying fashionable (fashion) clothes and shoes in order to show off among peers.
完成句子
②Sometimes it is a waste of money buying something in fashion.  
有时候买新潮的东西是在浪费钱。
③I don’t think that students should follow the fashion, on the contrary, they should focus on their study.  
我认为学生不应该赶时髦, 恰恰相反, 他们应该集中精力学习。
3. on top of 另外, 此外, 除……之外; 在……上面; 在……上方; 紧挨着; 与……紧靠着; 控制着; 掌握着
【教材原句】
On top of this, burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide, which is harmful to the environment. (P14)
此外, 燃烧这些燃料产生二氧化碳, 这对环境有害。
【词块必记】
on top of the world　　 欢天喜地; 心满意足; 非常自豪
on top 在上面; 在顶部; 处于领先地位
from top to bottom 从上到下; 彻底地
from top to toe　　　　 从头到脚; 浑身上下; 全部
at the top of one’s voice 高声地; 放声地; 声嘶力竭地
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①On top of the hill, we also had a great time playing hide and seek, our favorite childhood game. (在……上面)
②On top of appreciating the performance, we also can communicate with these performers. (除了)
③I am sure that I can really be on top of this situation. (掌握着)
4. push for something 迫切要求; 反复争取
【典型例句】
If you think that you are qualified for the post, you should push for it.
如果你认为你有资格获得这个岗位, 你就应该争取它。
【词块必记】
push sth. aside　　　　　　推开; 不去想
push ahead/forward with 毅然推行(计划或活动)
push sth. back 推迟; 延迟
push forward 继续推进
push sb. /sth. over　　　　 推倒; 推翻
push sth. through 使通过; 使得到批准
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Relevant authorities should push ahead with (毅然推行) the reform of exam-oriented education system.  
②Much to my surprise, there were so many tourists that I had to push my way through (通过) the crowd.
③Our government has done a lot to push forward (推动)rubbish classification.  
5. beyond doubt(=without doubt) 毫无疑问; 的确
【典型例句】
Beyond doubt, it has brought us a lot of convenience in our work and life.
毫无疑问, 它已经为我们的工作和生活带来了很多便利。
【词块必记】
without doubt (=beyond doubt)　　 的确; 毫无疑问
There is no doubt that 从句　　　　毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether 从句 ……还有些疑问
doubt if/whether　　　　 ……怀疑……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The swimming club without doubt provides us with an opportunity to build up our strength.
②There’s no doubt that the creation of this robot shows the rapid development of science and technology.
③Some people doubt whether it is legal to put mercy killing into practice.

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment (adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.
3. (2019·北京高考)Voice manipulation technologies may weaken (weak)that gradually.
4. (2019·江苏高考)At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable (fashion) clothing alongside Chinese works of art.
Ⅱ. 微短文改错(每句中最多2个错)
1. It is no doubt in her mind that Tom is the right person she can depend on. That’s because she’s appointed him to be the sales manager.
第一句It→There;第二句because→why
2. Learn to share is very important. Which the saying goes, a problem shared is a problem halved.
第一句Learn→Learning;第二句Which→As
3. Our business is at a crossroad. If this deal succeeds, our future will be assured; if not, we shall be bankrupt. However, we all should put more effort into the work.
第一句crossroad→crossroads;第三句However→Therefore
4. Of all the alternative energy sources, hydroelectricity is oldest, which uses the force of water flow to producing electricity.
oldest前加the;producing→produce
Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
A housewife didn’t find a permanent job after her husband 1. died (die). She had 2. an only son and they had small living 3. expenses(expense). Moreover, the woman had to repay friends and relatives debts which were used for the
4. treatment(treat) of her husband. To give her son a chance 5. to receive (receive) education, the woman worked day and night. In spite of this, they were still in a tight squeeze. The son was in dilemma. He was really 6. unwilling (willing) to put his mother under such pressure, so he claimed he would drop school. On hearing this, his mother burst into tears and beyond doubt, she pushed for him
7. finishing (finish) his study. 8. Hopefully (hopeful), she prayed her son’s dream would come true. Eventually, the son graduated from college. He put 9. what he had learned into practice and set up his own business. Shortly 10. after his company opened, he paid off all the debts. On top of that, he fell in love with a pretty girl.  

Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2018·江苏高考阅读理解C)
If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会)and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.
For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
【文章大意】本文介绍了小型农场和大农场相比所具有的优势, 以及吸引新农民, 建立小型农场所面临的诸多困难。
1. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce _______.  
A. the progress made in car industry
B. a special feature of agriculture
C. a trend of development in agriculture
D. the importance of investing in car industry
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的But in agriculture. . . 可知, 此处把汽车行业的特点与农业领域的特点进行对比, 是为了引出农业领域的一个独特之处: 小农场更有优势。
2. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in Paragraph 2?
A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.
B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.
C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce.
D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。本文第一段讲到小农场的优势, 点明文章主题; 第二段举例证明小农场的优势所在。
3. What is the