高中英语语法知识词法—动词短语练习.doc

高中语法知识词法部分讲解——动词短语辨析及练习
1. add to : 增加，增进
小测试：
① I don’t think these facts will ___________.
add…to…: 把…加进…

② Fifty new books have been _________the library.
add up 相加

③ The music _____________our enjoyment of the film.
add up to：总计，所有一切说明

④ You must have made a mistake when you _______the bill _______.
act on : ①按照……行动 

⑤ The rise in electricity costs has _________our difficulties.
②(药等)对……起作用。

⑥ These figures _____________ 50. 这些数字总计为50。
act as : 担当(同义短语：serve as)

⑦  The children started to ___________the whole accident.
act out: 将……表演出来

⑧ A trained dog can ______________a guide to a blind person.  经过训练的狗可以给盲人当向导。
⑨Does the medicine take long to ____________ the nerve centers? 这药过很长时间才对神经中枢起作用吗？
⑩__________my doctor’s advice, I try to avoid taking more carbohydrates than the body needs.
遵照医嘱，我尽量不摄取超过身体需要的碳水化合物。
2. break out: vi. (火灾、战争、争吵等)爆发，突然发生(不能用被动态)

break through: 突破,从云层后露出
break for sth: (试图逃脱时)突然冲向；向…挣脱

break away from  vt. 1)挣脱(某人)
2)脱离(组织等)，破除(思想体系，传统)

break down : 1) vi. go wrong  (机器、车轮) 发生故障
2) fail  vi.(计划、谈判等)失败

3)  vi.(身体)垮了, 感情失控
4) vt.(化学)；分解divide划分

break up : 1) vt / vi 击碎，破裂 2) vt. 破坏（关系）；vi.(关系) 破裂   3) vt. 驱散(人群)

break off   1) vt.  end    断绝(关系) 2) vt./vi.  stop  停止(说话，工作) ; 暂停; 中断

break into : vt. 1) enter by force 强行进入，破门而入 2) vt.   突然…起来 (同义) burst into

break into pieces: 成为碎片; break into song / laughter / tears / cheers  突然唱(大笑，大哭，欢呼)起来

break in: vi.  1) 强行进入，非法进入 2) *interrupt  打断别人说话，插嘴

小测试：
① The criminal managed to break _________the police and ran into the woods.
② When he heard the news, he broke _________and cried.
③You must break__________ the illegal group at once.
④ Don’t break __________while others are speaking.
⑤ I’m sorry to arrive late, but my car _______ halfway.
⑥ Why don’t you break __________for a few minutes and have some coffee?
⑦When does the school ___________?
⑧ The peace talks ______________without any agreement being reached.
⑨ After harvest we break ____________the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen.
⑩ I can’t have you ___________ in health. 我不能让你身体一天天垮下去。
⑾ We had our car ___________ last week
⑿The sun _____________at last in the afternoon.
⒀ The telephone system has _____________.
⒁ She had to hold him back as he tried to __________the door.
⒂ Every lesson is broken down into several units.
每一课都分成几部分。
⒃ Jim began to break the ice _________ on the frozen lake.
⒄ The ship broke ________ on the rocks. 船触礁破裂。
⒅ What broke __________ their friendship?/ Their marriage broke__________.
⒆ The police had to use force to break______ the crowd.
⒇The two countries have broken _______ diplomatic(外交) relations.
(22) We broke _________(work) for a cup of coffee. 我们停下(工作)，喝杯咖啡。
(23) A stranger broke in on the morning without knocking.
(24) She broke____________ with some suggestions of her own. 
A. break in B. break off   C. break up   D. broke down 她插话，提出自己一些建议。
(25) Don’t __________ while others are speaking.
(26) We thought it was time to ____________ the talk.
(27) Then the car I was in _______, so I had to walk home.
(28) When does school______________?
3.bring back: 使回想起
bring down: 使下降, 使倒下
小测试：① The shopkeeper brought his price ____________to only five dollars.
bring about: vt. cause 导致, 引起。同义短语：lead to, result in, give rise to
② The school has brought __________new foreign teachers to teach oral English.
bring up：vt.  educate and care for(a child) 抚养，教养(育)
③ The song brought __________happy memories of our schooldays.
bring in :vt.  1) cause to come in, introduce 把…带进；引进
④ Do you know what brought ___________this misunderstanding?
2) earn  赚得，获利
⑤ The kind old man agreed to bring ____________the young orphan.
bring out : vt. 1)显示，使…得到充分发挥；使…变得明显或衬托
⑥ We decided to bring the matter ____________at the next meeting.
2) 阐明，解释
⑦ The wind brought __________a lot of trees last night.
⑧ Next month they will bring ___________a new edition of the book.
⑨ The speakers brought___________ the important aspects of the problem.
⑩ She made various efforts to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem. 她作了多方努力，以促进和平解决那个问题。
⑾ I was born in Texas but brought__________ in Chicago.
⑿ We were brought __________to be honest. 我们从小受到教育，做人要诚实。
⒀ She made various efforts to bring __________ a peaceful solution to the problem. 
⒁They brought _________some experts to give them advice. 他们请来专家给他们作顾问。
⒂ The increased responsibility brought __________ her best qualities.
⒃ The sale brought in over &200. 这次销售赚了200多英镑。
她担子重了，这就使她身上的优点得以发挥。
⒄ He generally wears a pale blue tie to bring _____________the color of his eyes.
他通常结一条淡蓝色领带，以衬托眼睛的颜色。
4.burst out doing / burst into + n  突然…起来
小测试：① She burst _________crying./ She burst __________tears.
burst in/burst into a room, a building: 闯入, 突然破门而入
② They burst __________laughter.
burst in on sb./sth.: (突然闯进而)打断, 扰乱
③ He burst __________on the meeting.
④ The aircraft crashed and burst _________flames. ⑤ We burst __________laughing at the sight of the funny expression on his face.
5.call for : vt. 1) need  需要，要求
2)邀约，去接/去叫某人
小测试：① Doctors are often called __________in the middle of the war.
call on + sb. = visit sb. 拜访某人
call on sb. to do  号召或要求某人做某事
② The train calls ____________several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou.
call at: 拜访(地方); 参观(sw.)
call sb. in  请某人来(帮助)
③ He called her name ________, but she didn’t answer.
call off : vt. cancel 取消 
call out: 大喊, 高叫
④ The sports meet was called ____________on account of the rain.
call sb. up : 给某人打电话, 同义：telephone sb., give sb. a call
⑤ Let’s call _____________John, for he’s moved into a new house.
call sth./ up : 使回忆起, 征召入伍 比较remind sb. of sth.
⑥ I’m waiting for someone to call me ____________with a price.
call sb. back: 给某人回电话 同义：ring sb. back ； return one’s call
⑦ This kind of work calls _________care and patience.
⑧ Do you think I should call____________ Bob’s home while we are in Paris ?
⑨ Shall I call __________you at 6?
⑩ Police have been called __________to help find the missing boy.
⑾ The football match was called ___________because of the snow. 
⑿ This song calls _________ the memories of my childhood. 这支歌引起我对童年的回忆。
由于下雪，足球比赛取消了
⒀ Please wait for me at home. I’ll call _________ you at your house at seven tonight.
A. called off  B. calls at C. call in   D. call for
⒁ The sports meet was ___________ on account of the rain.
⒂ The train ____________ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou.
⒃ Please wait for me at home. I’ll ________ you at your house at seven tonight.
⒄ He insisted that we should ___________ a specialist at this point.
6.  carry sb. back to sth.: 使回想起,是回忆
小测试：① The smell of the sea carried her_________ to her childhood.
carry sth. off: 赢得, 获得,成功地对付, 不费劲地处理
② He carried ____________most of the prizes.
carry on(with) sth ；carry on doing：continue  继续下去
③ She’s had her hair cut really short, but she can carry it __________.
carry out : vt. perform 实施(计划)，履行(义务，职责)，进行(实验、手术等)
④ Carry __________until you get to the crossing, then turn left.
carry over: 延迟, 延期 carry sth. through:成功完成
⑤ Carry ___________our work while I’m away.
carry sb. through(sth.): 帮助…渡过难关；
⑥ After he left I just tried to carry ________as normal.
carry through(on/with sth.): 履行承诺
⑦ He carried _________peeling the potatoes.
⑧ They carried __________their promise a year later.
⑨ The match had to be carried _________until Sunday.
⑩ His determination carried him ____________the ordeal(难关)
(11) He has proved he can carry _________ on his promises.
(12) This plan should be carried _________ immediately.
(13) I expect you to carry ________ your duties.
(14) Don’t stop——carry ________, everyone!
(15) Even after the music started, they still carried ___________talking.
7. check in at the hotel | check into…: 在旅馆登记住宿
小测试：① He checked a book _________the library. 登记从图书馆借出一本书
check out of the hotel : 结账后离开旅馆
② Please check ___________at least an hour before departure.(起程)
check sth. out: 调查, 查证,核实
③ The police are checking ___________his alibi(不在犯罪现场证明).
check over/through sth.: 仔细调查, 核对, 核查
④ Check ________the prices at our new store!
check up on sb.: 监督, 督促 | check up on sth.: 查证,核实
⑤ My parents are always checking ___________me.
⑥ I need to check ______________a few things before I can decide.
⑦ Check __________your work for mistakes.
8. care for  vt.  1) like 喜欢  2) look after, take care of  照料
小测试：① I don’t really care_________ tea, I like coffee better.
3) 关心  同义：be concerned with；care about
② I’m glad to see that you are being well cared________.
care about: 关注，在意， 担忧
③ A novelist __________ other people’s attitude to his work.
④ She cares deeply __________environmental issues.
小说家并不关心别人对他作品的态度。
⑤ He never cares _____________his employees.
⑥ He didn’t care much ____________her friends.
9. clear up  1) vi. 天空放晴 2) vt./ vi. put…in order  收拾，整理
小测试：①The sky cleared ________soon after the rain.
 3) vt. 澄清，解释clear up one’s view 澄清(对…..的看法,观点等)
② Don’t expect me to clear _____________(your things)after you all the time.
clear away | clear sth. away: 把…清除掉(以留出空间)
③ He cleared __________and made coffee.
clear off: 离开, 逃离, 逃跑
clear (sth.) out: 把…清空, 清理
④ It’s time your toys were cleared _________.
⑤ He cleared ____________ all the money and left her with the kids.
⑥ He cleared __________when he heard the police siren(警笛).
⑦ She cleared _________a drawer to put her jewelry.
⑧ We cleared _________all our old houses.
⑨ I hope it clears ___________this afternoon.
⑩ She has cleared _________their misunderstanding.
10. come over: 走过来
come down: 下跌,落,降, 传下来
come for: 来取, 来做, 来拿

come in: 进来
come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)

come about:   vi.  发生，出现同义：happen, occur
come along:  跟我(我们) 来, 一道来， 赶快

come across:  (无意中) 碰见，偶然碰到, 发现，同义：run across, run into

come out : 1)become known 出版,结果是真相大白，(本性) 显露 。2) be published 出版

come up : 1) come up to sb. 来到某人跟前;  发芽  2) be raised 被提出

come up with sth.:  vt.  think of  想出，提出(计划，方法等)

come to  1) 来到；2) come to(oneself) 苏醒；3) 谈到，涉及到; 达到(an end/an agreement/a stop); 总计，总共是

come on(催促，激励对方用语) 快点，来吧等。来临; 快点
come over to…: 顺便来访

come from: 来自
come back: 回想起
come around/round:恢复知觉

小测试：① I come _________the book I lent you last time.
② He came __________me like a tiger.
③ How did it come ___________that you both got lost? I thought you had a map.
④ It suddenly came __________to me where I had seen the boy before.
⑤ Come __________now, or else we shall be late.
⑥ The price of petrol has come ____________since the beginning of this year.
⑦ The word came ____________use many years ago.
⑧ When the examination result came _________he had already got a job.
⑨ The bill came ___________over a thousand dollars.
⑩ I sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven’t come _________yet.
⑾ She came _____________some old photographs in a drawer.
⑿ Your mother hasn’t yet come ____________from the anaeshetic (麻醉).
⒀ She often comes _________to my house on her way back home from work.
⒁ Where did you come_________?
⒂ I came  __________ some old books of much value while clearing up my room.
⒃ Come ________. I will show you to your room.
⒄ It was several weeks before the truth of the matter came ______________.
几个星期后事情的真相才清楚。
⒅ When will the book by Mr. Li come _________?
⒆ Your problem came ______ at the meeting. 你的问题已在会议上提出来讨论了。
⒇ The airline came ___________ a solution of jet-lag. 
这家航空公司想出了一个办法来解决乘客长途飞机后因时差引起的生理失调问题。
(21) When it comes___________ tennis, you can’t beat him. 
谈到打网球，他是赢不了他的。
(22) Come ________! We are going to be late. / Come ________! Try it once again.
A. came about   B. came to   C. comes out   D. come to
(23) The magazine ___________ once a month.
(24) I don’t know how this thing_______?
(25) How much does the bill ___________?
(26) When I _________, I found myself lying in hospital
11. catch at sth.: 受欢迎; 流行起来; 变的时髦
小测试：① He invented an electric car, but it never really caught _________.
catch sb. out: 使突陷困境, 抓住某人的短处, 指出过失
② He is very quick to catch _____________things.
catch on to sth.: 理解,了解
catch up on sth.: 补上/补做
③ They tried to catch her _________with a difficult question.
catch up with ： 赶上  (比较) keep up with或keep pace with 跟上，与…并驾齐驱
④ I have a lot of work to catch ______________.
be/get caught up in sth.: 被卷入, 陷入
⑤ We spent the evening catching ___________each other’s news.
⑥ Innocent passers-by got caught _________in the riots.
⑦ Go on ahead. I’ll catch ___________you.
⑧ After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch ______________the others.
12.cut across: 抄近路
cut up:连根拔掉,切碎
小测试：
cut through: 剪断, 凿穿
cut out: 删(省)掉,戒掉
① Don’t cut ____________this tree. It will be very shady in summer.
cut in: 插嘴
cut a tooth: 开始长(新牙)
②You must cut __________the number of cigarette you smoke, or it will cause illness.
cut down : vt.  1) 砍伐(树木)
2) reduce  减少
③ We decided to cut _______the moor(旷野)to the village.
cut off : 1) 切掉，剪掉 2) 切断(电力、煤气、某人通话等)
④ Cutting the tree __________means cutting the tree into pieces.
3) separate 将…隔绝(离) 开来  be cut off from 与…隔绝，与…中断联系
⑤ Cutting _______ trees will do much damage to the environment.
⑥ Cut ___________(on) the cost of living by 20%.
⑦ Her finger was cut ________ in an accident.  在一次事故中，她的手指被切掉。
⑧ The electricity was cut _____________ when the lady refused to pay the bill.
⑨ We were having a pleasant conversation when I am cut ____________.
⑩ We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.我们正在通话，电话断了。
(11) They used a machete(大砍刀) to cut ____________the bush.
(12) When did she __________her first tooth?
(13) He was cut _________from all his friends while studying abroad.
13. contribute to | contribute (sth) to/ towards sth
小测试：① Would you like to _____________to our collection?
1)捐献；为……作出贡献；
② We should make a positive _________________to building the new socialist countryside.
2) help to cause  有助于, 导致vt./vi.  
③ Various factors ____________ to his downfall. 多种因素促使他下台。
3)为…投稿
④She____________ to China Daily regularly.
contribution to/towards (doing) sth.: 捐资,捐款,(医保、养老金)定期缴款
⑤ She has ______________a number of articles to the magazine.
⑥ You can increase your monthly _________________to the pension scheme(养老金计划).
14. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age) 死于(疾病,疾饿, 寒冷,情感)
小测试：① The sound of their laughter died_________.
die from: 死于(意外事故,情形等)
die out: 绝种
② The flames finally died _________.
die down: (炉火) 渐熄）
die off: 相继死去
③ Her parents died ________last year.
die away: 逐渐减弱, 逐渐消失
die back: (植物)叶凋而死
④ She died _________cancer two years ago.
⑤ The species has nearly died ___________because its habitat is being destroyed.
⑥ All the plants have died __________because of lack of water.
⑦ He died ________a car accident last week, which was a great grie