2021年高考英语二轮复习-形容词和副词语法突破训练.doc

2021年高考英语二轮复习 形容词和副词语法突破训练

2021年高考英语二轮复习 形容词和副词语法突破训练

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形容词和副词
一、概念
形容词常用来修饰,描述名词或代词的特征或状态，主要作表语、定语、补语，也可以作状语。
The baby is still asleep.
Laura usually wears a friendly smile.
Don’t make your parents disappointed.
Hungry and tired, he had to stop working.
副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、介词短语或句子，主要作状语。
He speaks very fast.
Paul is careful enough.
Happy days pass too soon.
Luckily, she had got another chance.
二、等级变化
1. (1) 规则变化
　 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般词尾加-er,-est
tall
taller
tallest
以不发音的e结尾的只加-r,-st
nice
nicer
nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est
big
bigger
biggest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的，变y为i，再加-er，-est　　　
busy
busier
busiest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级
important/ easily
more important/ more easily
most important/ most easily
(2) 不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good
better
best
well（健康的）
worse
worst
bad
ill（有病的）
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
2. 用法
（1） 原级
as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
否定形式：not as/so… as
　　　He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
注意：as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：
as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词; as + many/much+名词
　　 This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。
　　 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。
（2）比较级
The students study even harder than before. （标志词than）
He feels better after the operation.（语境）
可修饰比较级的词
a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots,
a great deal, any, still, even等。
含比较级的固定句型（注意the在比较级中的使用）：
 the + 比较级 ..., the + 比较级 ... “越……，越……”
The higher you stand, the further you will see.
‚ 比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越……”
I believe your English will become better and better.
ƒ the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词 “两个中较……的”
I like the bigger one of the two pandas.
注意: (易错点)
（1）比较级不可以重叠 less colder less cold
（2）比较的对象要对等
The weather of China is more comfortable than Canada.
The weather of China is more comfortable than the weather of Canada.
The weather of China is more comfortable than that of Canada.
补充：
1）倍数表达法： … times as +原级+ as
… times +比较级+ than
… times + the +名词 +of
(3) 最高级
the + 最高级 + 比较范围
下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost
Eg. The bridge is by far the longest across the river.
注意：
1）形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
　　 It is a most important problem. 　　
2）序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：
　　 Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。
3）最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：
　　 Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。
　　 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4）"否定词语+比较级"，也表示最高级含义。
　　 I have never spent a more exciting day.
Nothing is easier than this.
三、辨析问题
(1) -ed, 感到……
-ing, 令人……
(2) -ly结尾的形容词
friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly
　 Eg. He spoke to me in a very friendly (friend) way.
(3) -ly 结尾既为形容词也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。
　　 The Times is a weekly paper.
　　 The Times is published weekly.
(4) 兼有两种形式的副词
1） close"近"、closely"仔细地，紧密地"
　 He is sitting close to me. 　Watch him closely.
2） late "晚"、lately"最近"
　　 　You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?
3） deep"深"，表示空间深度、deeply"深深地"，表示感情上的深度
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
　　　Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4） high表示空间高度、highly表示程度，相当于much
　　 　The plane was flying high. 　 I think highly of your opinion.
5） wide表示空间宽度、widely"广泛地"
　　 　　English is widely used in the world.
6） free"免费"、freely"无限制地"
　　 　You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
　　　 You may speak freely; say what you like.
注意：
“the+adj.”表示一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数，如the blind，the hungry等。

四． 词性转换
形容词变副词规则:
1. 一般情况在词尾加ly;
quick,polite,immediate→ quickly，politely，immediately
2.一辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i, 再加ly;
happy, easy, hungry→ happily, easily, hungrily
2. 以—le结尾的词去e加y;
simple, probable →simply,probably
3. 以—l结尾的词加ly;
careful, real→carefully,really
4. 以—ll结尾的词加y;
full→fully
5. 以—ic结尾的词加ally;
basic, automatic, energetic→basically,automatically, energetically
6. 以—ue结尾的词去e加y;
true→truly

I. 高考真题再现单句语法填空(形容词和副词)
1. The girl used to be shy,but is  ________(gradual) getting active in group work and is more  willing to express herself.
2.Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for________ (promise) young players for better performances in the coming season.
3.  For most chefs,there is no ________(big) honor than having your restaurant awarded a Michelin star,let along three.

4. Little children ask ________ (end) questions because they are curious about everything.
5. Seeing the coach nodding ________ ( encouraging) to her, the little dancer was no more  nervous and went on with her performance.

6. The Chinese are ________ (annoy) this morning as President Trump has indicated he is looking at imposing ________  (addition) tariffs(关税）on Chinese goods.
7. Besides being helpful to smart-phone users,the app has emerged as a ________(hand) tool to solve the last-mile delivery challenge for e-commerce companies.
8. In times of economic crisis, though they have confidence in their investments, many investors are more ________ ( caution)about their investment strategies.
9. Face to-face conversations are ________(benefit) to the promotion of understanding, which is why communication matters.
10. Those who are ________ (deliberate) late to create impression cannot be forgiven.

11. Chinese people are becoming ________(rich) and more international.

12. Della failed her interview and was________(consequent) unable to work in that company.
13. The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is ________(influential)book in my life.
14. Many people equal happiness with wealth and success.So they chase them without noticing
that the  people who have those things aren't ________(necessary)happier.

II.单句改错（形容词和副词）
1. The island is equal attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.
2. Tiring and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
3. If we leave right away ,hopeful we'll arrive on time.
4. Ales and Andy performed skillful and they won the first prize.
5. I'm sure that your letter will get immediately attention. They know you're waiting for the reply.
6. Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be access to the kids.
7. I'm not surprising that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a vivid imagination.
8. John is very reliably---if he promises to do something, he'll do it.
9. Computers and mobile phones ,though they are indeed making our life easily and more efficient, have reduced the need for face-to-face communication.
10.This is by far the more inspiring movie that I have ever seen.
11. Physics is my most favourite subject.
12. The harder you work,the lucky you will be.
13. The Forbidden City attracts a constantly stream of visitors every day , especially during
national holidays.
14. I write to my mother every week , most on Sundays.
15.I have seldom seen my father as pleasing as he is today.
III.短文语法填空（形容词和副词）
Attention, ladies and gentlemen!  Because of the(1) ________( worse) weather. the game has been canceled. Please start making your way towards the exits. Be very (2)________(careful), because the stairs may be (3)________(slip)from the rain.  If you have small children, be sure they are safe and don't get(4)________ (lose) in the crowd. Workers will be standing at all exits to help(5)____needs help. Since there is a lot of lightening from the storm, it is suggested that you should keep away  from metal things as much as  (6)________(possibility), or you might get  hurt. Don't be afraid, but move out of the stadium in an (7)________ (order) manner. Parking assistants will help direct traffic. Please be(8)________ (patience), as getting out of the parking lotwill take some time and everyone will have to drive(9)________ (slow) in this weather. As for the game, it will be rescheduled for tomorrow evening at the same time, depending  on the  weather. Please check our online sports channel for the(10)________(late) news. Thank you for coming out in this weather , and we are sorry that the game could not be played.

I单句语法填空(形容词和副词)
答案：1. gradually 2. promising 3. bigger 4. endless 5. encouragingly 6. annoyed
7. handy 8. cautious 9. beneficial 10. deliberately 11. richer 12. consequently
13. the most influential 14. necessarily
II.单句改错（形容词和副词）
答案: 1. equally 2. tired 3. hopefully 4. skillfully 5. immediate 6. accessible 7. surprised 8. reliable 9. easier 10. most 11. (most)去掉 12. luckier 13. constant 14. mostly 15. pleased
III.短文语法填空（形容词和副词）
答案： 1. bad 2. careful 3. slippery 4. lost 5. whoever 6. possible 7. orderly
8. patient 9. slowly 10. latest