中英文翻译虚拟仪器实现多参数测量学士学位论文.doc

Using virtual instrument multi-parameter measurementLv Dongmei Lv XiangAbstract The concept of virtual instruments and the advantages of virtual instrument with elaborate multi-parameter measurement of the child design process.Key words virtual instruments; multi-parameter measurement.Key words: TAB24; TG8 Article ID 1009, China A-4334 (2001) 03-03-00861. Introduction Instrumentation for a long time in scientific experiments occupy a very important role, is also the instrument of our physical education, physics experiment to carry out an important foundation. The development of computer technology and applications to the instrument in the field has brought profound changes, in particular the emergence of virtual machines and applications can be said to be a revolution in the field of equipment, but for a long time, whether they are in our physical education activities, Still dominated by traditional instruments, computers and measuring instruments are basically still in the isolated state, which will greatly affect our understanding of-the-art equipment and hands, so learning some basic knowledge of the virtual instrument is quite necessary.The virtual instrument panel has a virtual personal computer equipment. It is common personal computer-based simulation software function and control of hardware components. Operators through friendly graphical interface and graphical programming language to control the operation of equipment, complete testing by the volume of the collection, analysis, judge, show that the data generated and stored. Virtual machines have the following characteristics. 1） Virtual instruments to make full use of computer hardware and software resources to break through the traditional instruments in data processing, storage and expression, and other restrictions, have made traditional instruments unparalleled. 2） Software is the core of the virtual instrument. In general computer platform to configure the appropriate modular hardware, the next great deal of work is the preparation of the software. 3） Virtual instrument structure flexible, easy to upgrade, virtual instrument hardware structure is relatively fixed, and the software does have a great deal of flexibility to upgrade the operating system or software, virtual machines can be updated replacement. Virtual machines for its outstanding merits, have shown strong vitality, and the emergence of widely used test equipment will have a very profound impact.2 .the composition and apparatus operating principle With the completion of a number of parameters of the equipment has been tested in the field of measuring a real problem with traditional instruments often very difficult to achieve. The most common is by increasing the types of equipment to multi-parameter measurements, but this only increased the cost of measurement, but also reduces the reliability. The use of virtual instrument design, can easily achieve a number of parameters of measurement, the instruments to test the temperature, force, pressure, displacement, mechanical vibration parameters 5, a total of 6-channel, the channel testing with the exchange, At the same time can be measured one or more of the parameters. We use temperature, force, pressure, displacement, vibration sensor signal conditioning devices with the completion of the acquisition and signal amplification; the use of data acquisition cards to complete A / D conversion by the computer to complete the final data analysis, to deal with. Hardware equipment is mainly responsible for signal conditioning and analog-to-digital conversion, through the bus and PC computers to exchange data. Users to use the mouse or keyboard directly in the virtual panel on the operation can be easily completed the parameters of the test, analysis, printing and other functions.3. the instrument hardware design Virtual hardware equipment, including computer hardware and equipment hardware consists of two parts, of which only equipment needed is the hardware design. The The hardware equipment from the main sensors, signal the same token, data acquisition cards and four computer parts. To cover a larger range and meet certain measurement accuracy, the choice of different parameters measuring range of more than sensors. For example, force measurement in the range of 0-1KN, precision measuring 0.3% (FS), should be measured by the upper limit of the four sensors 1KN.3KN.5KN.10KN assistance to cover their range. NI signal conditioning devices selected companies ( Nationnal Instruments, National Instruments, is a virtual production equipment components well-known company) produced a SCX1-1122 multiplexer, SCX1 a 1122 maximum 16-channel, Strain gauge conditioning, thermistor, RTD, thermocouple voltage signal and communication, process control switch the type of signal conditioning. In accordance with the use of the computer is a laptop or desktop, choose different data acquisition board. In order to facilitate the portability of this equipment is used in portable computers. NI data acquisition card is a Ai Corporation DAQCard a 16XE a 50 for 16-bit A / D converter sampling rate for single-200K, multi-channel at 20K. The measurement accuracy of this instrument to 0.3 percent. 16 of the A / D fully meet this requirement; 20K sampling rate by conservative method can also be reached 5kHZ bandwidth, in line with the general body vibration parameters of the dynamic testing requirements of the rest of the temperature, force, pressure and displacement are Static parameters of the equipment not too high frequency bandwidth4.software design Virtual instrument software is the core of the software design quality has a direct impact on the performance of virtual machines. We will of the entire software design for the open structure of the users according to their actual requirements for software modification or addition. The main instrument of this software from data acquisition card driver module, the virtual panel modules, each module measuring parameters, calibration and error correction module composed of four parts. Virtual panel user interface that is user devices to exchange information with the bridge. The instrument panel layout of the reasonable and easy to operate, highly interactive, user every step of the operation can be prompt and immediate response, and provide on-line help. DAQ driver into the preparation of dynamic-link library (DLL) form and to provide source documents. Have the ability to develop the companys customers do not understand the acquisition card interface circuit and principles of the instrument can be modified or expanded features. Measuring the parameters of modular software structure, is a reasonable division of the measurement modules, and enhance the use of common parts of the general, and to provide the parameters of the complex graphics and tables output. Calibration and error correction module, not only on the sensor can be calibrated to amend the source of error, but also the use of the average, and so on the relevant calculation of inhibition and to reduce interference and improve the measurement accuracy and increase the reliability of measurement. The apparatus of the software used NIs Lab Windons software development platform for the preparation of the procedures in running under the Windons98.5. Conclusion Using virtual instrument multi-parameter measurements simplifying the hardware can greatly reduce the cost of equipment and increase the reliability of the test. Virtual machines on the traditional instruments of the concept of a major breakthrough in its flexible structure, the operation simple and intuitive, easy to upgrade and many other advantages, has become a complex apparatus and instrument of choice for multi-functional design. With the computer in China to further universal, virtual instrument is bound to be more widely used, it is bound to make physical education a greater contribution.虚拟仪器实现多参数测量吕冬梅 吕翔摘要 介绍虚拟仪器的概念和优点, 详细阐述用虚拟仪器实现多参数测童的设计过程。关键词 虚拟仪器; 多参数测量;中图分类号:TAB24;TG8 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1009一4334(2001)03一0086一03一、引言仪器仪表长期以来在实验科学中占据着十分重要的地位, 仪器仪表也是我们进行物理教学,开展物理实验的一个重要基础。计算机技术的发展和应用, 给仪器仪表领域带来了深刻的变化, 特别是虚拟仪器的产生和应用, 可以说是仪器领域的一次革命, 但长期以来, 不论是在我们的物理教学活动中, 还是传统仪器占主导地位, 计算机与测量仪器基本上还处于互不相关的状态, 这必将大大影响我们对于先进仪器的了解和掌握, 因此学习一些虚拟仪器的基本知识是颇必要的。虚拟仪器是指具有虚拟面板的个人计算机仪器。它由通用个人计算机, 模拟化功能硬件和控制软件组成。操作人员通过友好的图形界面及图形化编程语言控制仪器的运行, 完成对被测试量的采集、分析、判断、显示、存储及数据生成。虚拟仪器具有以下几个特点。1.虚拟仪器充分利用计算机的软硬件资源, 突破了传统仪器在数据处理、表达和存储等方面的限制, 取得了传统仪器无可比拟的效果。2.软件是虚拟仪器的核心。在通用计算机平台上配置合适的模块化硬件设备后, 接下来的大量工作便是软件的编制。3.虚拟仪器结构灵活, 容易实现升级、虚拟仪器的硬件结构是相对固定的, 而软件却具有很大的灵活性, 对软件或操作系统升级后, 虚拟仪器就可以更新、换代。虚拟仪器以其突出的优点, 显示了强大的生命力, 它的出现和广泛使用, 将对测试仪器产生极为深刻的影响。二、仪器构成和工作原理用一台仪器完成多个参数的测量一直是测试领域的一个实际问题, 用传统仪器往往很难实现。最常见的是靠增加仪器的种类来实现多参数的测量, 但这不仅增加了测量费用, 而且还降低了可靠性。采用虚拟仪器的设计方法, 可以方便地实现对多个参数的测量, 本仪器可以测试温度、力值、压力、位移、机械振动5个参数, 共6个通道, 各通道测试功能具有交换性, 可同时测量一种或多种参数。我们采用温度、力值、压力、位移、振动传感器配以信号调理器完成对信号的采集和放大;使用数据采集卡完成A/D转换最后由计算机完成数据的分析、处理。仪器硬件主要负责信号调理和模数转换, 通过PC总线与计算机进行数据交换。用户利用鼠标或键盘直接在虚拟面板上进行操作, 即可轻松完成各种参数的测试、分析、打印等功能。三、仪器硬件设计虚拟仪器硬件包括计算机硬件和仪器硬件两部分, 其中只有仪器硬件是需要设计的。本仪器的硬件主要由传感器、信号同理器、数据采集卡和计算机四部分组成。为覆盖较大测量范围并满足一定的测量精度, 各参数选用不同测量范围的多只传感器。例如力值测量范围为0-1KN, 测量精度0.3%（F.S）, 则需用测量上限分别为1KN.3KN.5KN.10KN的四只传感器来援盖其测量范围。信号调理器选用NI公司(“Nationnal Instruments ” 、美国国家仪器公司, 是一家生产虚拟仪器组件的著名公司)生产的SCX1一1122型多路复用器, SCX1一1122最大可达到16通道, 可调理应变片、热敏电阻、RTD、热电偶和交流电压信号, 程序控制切换调理信号类型。按照使用的计算机是台式机还是便携机, 可选择不同的数据采集板。为便于携带, 本仪器采用的是便携式计算机。数据采集卡是NI公司的DAQCard一Ai一16XE一50, 为16位A/D转换器采样速率单通道方式为200K, 多通道时为20K。本仪器的测量精度为0.3%。16位的A/D完全可满足这一要求;20K的采样速率按保守的算法也可达到5kHZ的带宽, 符合一般机构振动参数的动态测试要求, 其余的温度、力值、压力、位移都是静态参数, 对仪器的频率带宽没有太高的要求。四、软件设计软件是虚拟仪器的核心, 软件的设计质量, 直接影响虚拟仪器的性能。我们将整个软件设计为开放式结构用户可根据自己的实际使用要求, 对软件进行修改或增补。本仪器的软件主要由数据采集卡驱动模块、虚拟面板模块、各参数测量模块、校准及误差修正模块四部分组成。虚拟面板即用户界面, 是用户与仪器交流信息的桥梁。本仪器的面板布局合理, 易于操作, 具有高度的人机交互性, 用户的每一步操作都能得到提示和即时响应, 并提供在线助。数据采集卡驱动程序编写成动态链接库(DLL)形式, 并提供源程序文件。有开发能力的用户, 不需了解采集卡的电路结构和接口原理, 便能对仪器功能进行修改或扩展。各参数测量软件采用模块化结构, 既合理划分各测量模块, 又增强采用公用部分的通用性, 并提供复杂参数的图形和表格输出功能。校准及误差修正模块, 不仅可对传感器进行校准, 对误差源进行修正, 而且还采用平均、相关等计算方法抑制和降低干扰, 提高测量精度和增加测量的可靠性。本仪器的软件采用NI公司的Lab Windons软件开发平台进行编制, 程序运行在Windons98下。五、结束语用虚拟仪器实现多参数的测量能够简化硬件, 极大地降低仪器的成本, 增加测试的可靠性。虚拟仪器对传统仪器概念的重大突破, 它以结构灵活、操作直观简单、容易升级等众多优点, 已成为复杂仪器和多功能仪器的首选设计方式。随着计算机在我国的进一步普及, 虚拟仪器必将得到越来越广泛的应用, 也必将对物理教学作出更大的贡献。Virtual Digital Oscilloscope Design and ImplementationYang Leping Lv YingjunAbstract The combination of a virtual digital oscilloscope design and development, introduced the basic components of virtual machines, and focuses on the graphical programming language based on LabVIEW virtual instrument programming methods and technology.Key words Virtual instruments; digital oscilloscope; LabVIEW; With the development of computer technology and traditional instruments to the computerized direction. Virtual instrument is the new 90s concept. Virtual instrument technology with the development of automatic test marks the twenty-first century and electronic measuring instruments in the field of technological development an important direction. The so-called virtual instruments, that is, in general-purpose computer platform definition and design of testing apparatus, the computer user, as is the use of a specially designed electronic device. Traditional desktop machines by the equipment manufacturers to design and good function of the definition of an enclosed structure, it has a fixed input / output interface and equipment operation panels, each instrument to achieve a particular type of measurement functions, and to determine the way to the users. Equipment from the general design model of view, is nothing more than an instrument of data collection, analysis, processing, human-computer interaction and display parts and other components of the overall function modules. Therefore, we can imagine that, if necessary, the data acquisition hardware and general computer support, software design through the realization of the full functionality of equipment, which is the core of virtual instrument design. Compared with traditional instruments, virtual instruments in addition to performance, ease of use, users can customize and so has many advantages, in engineering applications and socio-economic benefits are also an outstanding advantage. On the one hand, Chinas high-end desktop machines such as digital oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, logic analyzer and others rely mainly on imports, these machines processing complex, requiring high levels of manufacturing, production breakthroughs have difficulty using virtual instrument technology can only procurement of the necessary general data acquisition hardware to design their own equipment system; on the other hand, the user can be some of the advanced digital signal processing algorithms used in the design of virtual instrument to provide the traditional desktop machines do not have the function, but also can be configured by software the realization of multi-functional integrated instrument design. Therefore, it can be said of virtual instrument measuring instruments on behalf of the future direction of design development. Virtual instrument technology is developing rapidly in foreign countries, the United States National Instruments (NI company) to represent a group of vendors are already available in the market based on virtual instrument technology commercialization instruments designed products. Digital Oscilloscope in scientific research and engineering design of a widely used general-purpose equipment. The following combination of a virtual digital oscilloscope design and development of virtual instrument details the basic composition and based on the LabVIEW graphical programming language of the virtual instrument programming methods and technology. 1 Virtual Oscilloscope structure and composition of The virtual digital oscilloscope PCI bus by a multi-function data acquisition card and the corresponding software. They are installed on a PC running the Windows95/98/NT machine (recommended configuration in PENTIUM / 233 and above), which constitute a powerful digital oscilloscope can be stored. 1.1 Data Acquisition Card PCI bus transfer rate of high-data throughput large future data acquisition board design mainstream. The design uses the PCI-1200 data acquisition card is a better value for money products, support DMA mode and dual-buffer mode, ensuring the uninterrupted real-time signal acquisition and storage. It supports a unipolar and bipolar analog signal input, signal input in the range of -5 +5 V and 0 10V. Provide 16 single-ended / 8 differential analog input channels, 2 independent DA output channels, 24-line TTL digital I / O, 3 16-bit timer counters, such as multiple functions. These feat