高考英语阅读专题训练应用文.doc

应用文高考英语阅读理解应用文的文体特色、命题特点、素材和解答方法。高考英语阅读理解应用文的文体特色：英语应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，当然偶尔也出现了书信类文章；其文章呈现形式多样，除了文字外还有图表、图片、表格、地址、网址等。高考英语阅读理解应用文的命题特点：1.应用文类型文章，语言简练，一般来说和所述问题无关的文字不会出现，例如很多文章没有标题，许多文章甚至通篇都没有一句完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。2.就其用词来看，文章中充斥着大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，例如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且均没有汉语注释。3.应用文的行文方式：每种文体都有其固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处；说明性应用文的行文是排列式-即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。4.高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问短文出处和写作意图的题目。例如：Where can you most probably find this article/passage? What is the purpose of this passage？高中英语新课程标准也提出了“着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力”的要求。根据该要求及高考英语的发展趋势可以看出，高考英语试卷阅读理解部分越来越凸现阅读能力必须涉及“解决现实生活问题”这个十分重要的因素，强调实用性，与时俱进。据此推出了多种应用文体的语篇；相关试题设问方式也更趋活泼、灵活多样、贴近生活。高考英语应用文素材：全部选自真实生活、充满时代气息并具有鲜明的语言特色。它们种类繁多、涵盖面广，包括广告、书信、海报、指南、产品介绍、启示、须知、招生招聘、书评、图示及其说明等。这些实用型文章提高了高考英语测试的真实性，重点考查考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的能力，这也充分地体现了英语课程标准“学以致用”的思想。高考英语阅读理解应用文的解答方法：高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问出处和写作意图的题目。在解答事实细节题时，我们首先就要在试题中寻找关键的线索词，如名词、动词、形容词或副词等实义词，带着问题和它们去阅读短文，要标明其出处，为迅速、准确地选择正确的答案作好充分准备。其次要忠实于原文。该类题源于短文，所以在解题时要紧扣原文，在短文中找到相应出处，要以此为依据，而不是想当然地仅凭自己已有的知识进行答题。此外，还应注意句子间的逻辑关系（如因果、方位、次序、时间先后、转折/相对和递进关系）和认真识别指代词语（如代词和替代词：one, the one, those, that, it, they等）。在解答询问出处和写作意图的题目时，就要能够理解文章的主旨大意（中心思想）：因为一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开的，所以只有通过阅读掌握该短文的主旨大意，才能正确理解短文，进而根据短文的事实、细节推断作者的观点和写作意图。要掌握短文主旨，可以通过寻找短文的主题句，而主题句通常在段首（最常见）、段中、段尾、段首和段尾或隐含在段落中。解答主旨大意的试题时常采用快速浏览法，只要先浏览文章的标题，首、尾段或每段的首、尾句，再重点寻找主题线索和主题信息即可。当然还要善于抓住文章的中心思想，把握住作者的观点和写作意图。(1)TEENSGIVING is an exciting event where hundreds of New York City teens gather together annually for a remarkable day of community service. This year, TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 participants will once again better New York City and impact thousands of lives! When is TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010? SUNDAY, APRIL 25, 2010 Where is TEENSGIVING? All over New York City. Everyone will meet at the 92nd Street Y (92nd and Lexington) at 9:00 AM for the event kick-off. Then, all TEENSGIVING volunteers will disperse across the city to work with our partnering agencies where they will make a HUGE difference (and have fun!). Who participates in TEENSGIVING?Hundreds of teenagers from around the city. Teens come from the 92nd Street Y, various city schools, youth groups, and organizations in the area. In addition, many adult volunteers (ages 21 and older) will donate their time to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010.What projects do participants do at the agencies?Sample projects include painting park benches, planting gardens, visiting and playing with underprivileged children, assembling craft kits for children in hospitals, assisting at animal shelters, working at soup kitchens, delivering meals and celebrating with families at homeless shelters. Do I get anything for participating in TEENSGIVING?Yes! Everybody benefits! Teen volunteers will receive *6 hours* of community service credit, good towards honor society, high school graduation and college application requirements. Adult volunteers will be “thanked” with a light breakfast, a gift certificate for their troubles, and the satisfaction of helping our citys youth contribute to their community. In addition, all teen and adult volunteers will receive a cool TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 T-shirt. This sounds awesome! How do I register for TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010? Interested teens and/or adults should e-mail the TEENSGIVING Coordinator Josh Hyman at jhyman92Y.org (subject: TEENSGIVING) to receive more information and to register for this fantastic event!*Teens can also contact their schools Community Service Advisor*TEENSGIVING is sponsored by the 92nd Street Y.1. TEENSGIVING is an event which is held _. A. from time to time B. once every year C. every two years D. twice a year2. Teenagers may do all the following in the event EXCEPT _.A. watering flowers B. cookingC. cleaning streets D. taking care of animals3. An adult volunteer may get _ for his time devoted to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010. A. community service credit and a T-shirt B. a high school certificate and a light breakfast C. a T-shirt and a gift certificate D. a gift certificate and community service credit4. The writers purpose in writing this passage is to _. A. inform readers of some frequently asked questions B. introduce TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 to readers C. encourage readers to ask more questions about TEENSGIVING D. call on readers to participate in TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010详细解析：1.选 B。第一问中第一句TEENSGIVING is an exciting event where hundreds of New York City teens gather together annually for a remarkable day of community service 中annually是“一年一次地；每年；年度地”，与选项B意思相同。 2. 选C 。在What projects do participants do at the agencies?中有planting gardens, assisting at animal shelters, working at soup kitchens, 而根本没有提到cleaning streets.3. 选C。根据Do I get anything for participating in TEENSGIVING?中Adult volunteers will be “thanked” with a light breakfast, a gift certificate for their troubles, 和 all teen and adult volunteers will receive a cool TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 T-shirt.可知C正确。4. 选B。本小题考查文章主旨/中心，全文比较系统地介绍了TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010，而且文章标题TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010也体现了文章中心。(2)Italian Lakes and Greek Islands (12 Days)Prices starting from1,999Your tour begins in Milan, Italy, and moves on to the pretty Italian Lake District and the attractive resort(胜地)of Stresa, your home for two nights. Collette Vacations has carefully chosen the Costa Victoria as your home away from home for your 7night journey along the waterways of the Mediterranean. The cruise ship is filled with the warmth and culture of Italy and is richly designed with entertainment(娱乐)areas and very good living conditions. It will take you to the places of your dreams.Youll spend 4 days touring Greek cities youve always heard about. In Katakolon, you will have the only unguided tour to nearby Olympia on the whole journey. Then with a local guide you will visit the Greek islands of Santorini, which is often related to the story of the lost city of Atlantis, and Mykonos, a wonderful island with beautiful beaches.Your journey ends in Verona, home of the love story Romeo and Juliet, with a funfilled farewell dinnera perfect ending to a pleasant journey.12 Days, 25Meals: 10 Breakfasts, 6 Lunches, 9 DinnersDay 1 Overnight flight to ItalyDays23 Regina Palace, Stresa, ItalyDays410 Costa Victoria ( Costa cruises)Day 11 Hotel Leopardi, Verona, ItalyDay12 Leave for homePlease Note:Leaving datePrice for one personApril 7$2,099June 2$2,199October 6$2,099November 3$1,9995How is the journey planned? AIt starts and ends in Italy.BIt starts and ends in Greece.CIt starts in Italy and ends in Greece.DIt starts in Greece and ends in Italy.6What can be inferred from the travel plan?AThe price may get lower than those in the plan.BThe prices include three meals a day.CThe price is the highest in summer.DThe prices include entertainment service.7What does the underlined part “ the Costa Victoria” most probably refer to?AA famous hotel.BA beautiful resort.CA comfortable ship.DA longdistance bus.8Tourists will travel on their own in .AStresa BOlympia CMykonos DVerona答案 5.A 6.C 7C 8.B (3)Below are same classified ads from an English newspaper.Classified adsFOR DORECT CLASSIFIED SERVICE CALL 800-0557 10 A.M.-4P.M. MONDAY-FRIDAYFOR SALECOME to our moving sale-Plants, pottery, books, clothes, etc.Sat,Dec.14th-9a.m.-5p.m.1612 Femdale,Apt.1,800-4696USED FUR COATS andJACKETS ,Good condition$30-$50.Call 800-0436 after12 noon.MOVING; Must sell.TV21”,$50; AM/FM radio A/C orbattery, $15; cassette taperecorder, $10.Call Jon orPat, 800-0739 after 5p.m. or Weekends.SHEEPSKIN COAT: manssize 42, 1year old. $85 after6 p.m., 800-5224.LOST AND FOUNDFOUND; Cat, 6 months old, black and white markings.Found near Linden and SouthU. Steve.800-4661.LOST; Gold wire rim glassesIn brown case. Campus area.Reward. Call Gregg 800-9662,FOUND: Nov.8th-A black and white puppy in Packard-Jewettarea 800-5770.PERSONALOVERSEAS JOBSAustralia,Europe, S. America, Africa.Students all professions andoccupation, $700 to $3000monthly. Expenses paid,overtime sightseeing. Freeinformation at STUDENTSUNION.THE INTERNATIONALCENTER plans to publish abooklet of student traveladventures . If youd like towrite about your foreignexperiences, unusual or justplain interesting, call us(800-9310) and ask for Mikeor Janet.UNSURE WHAT TO DO?Life-Planning Workshop. Dec.13th-15th. Bob and MargaretAtwood, 800-0046.ROOMMATESFEMALE ROOMMATEWANTED: Own room near-campus. Available December1# . Rent $300 per month untilMarch 1#. $450 thereafter. CallJill for details, 800-7839.NEED PERSON to assumelease for own bedroom in apt.near campus, $380/mo.startingJan. 1# Call 800-6157 after5 p.m. DOMESTIC SERVICEEARLY HOUR WAKE-UPSERVICE: For prompt,courteous wake-up service,call 800-0760.HELP WANTEDBABYSITTERMY HOMEIf you are available a few hours during the day, and someevening to care for 2school-age children, pleasecall Gayle Moore, days800-1111, evening and weekends 800-4964.PERSONS WANTED forDelivery work OwnTransportation Good payApply 2311 E. Stadium. Office101, after 9a.m.TELEPHONE RECEPTION-IST WANTED. NO experienceNecessary Good pay. Apply2311 E. Stadium. office 101,after 9a.m.WAITRESS WANTED:10a.m.-2p.m.or 10:30 a.m.-5p.m. Apply inperson,2075Main. Curtis Restaurant.HELP WANTED for houseCleaning 1/2 day on weekendsWhento be discussed formutual convenience. Goodwages. Sylvan Street. Call800-2817.9. Where will you post a notice if you need someone to look after your children?A. PERSONAL. B. HELP WANTED.C. DOMMESTIC SERVICE. D. ROOMMATES.10. A second-hand jacket will probably cost you_. A. $60 B. $40 C. $20 D. $1011. To have your travel notes published, you may contact_. A. Students Union B. Gayle Moore C. The International Center D. Life-Planning Workshop12. If you want to have someone wake you up in the morning, you may call_. A. 800-5224 B. 800-5770 C. 800-7839 D. 800-0760答案 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.D(4)14 days from just 2,090 pp Fully inclusive from the UK Price cover international airfares, departure taxes, fuel charge, local transportation all meals, entrance fees, guides, daily tours and visas for UK citizens. Days 1-3 UK-Shanghai Fly to the great city of shanghai and in the evening sample traditional shanghai food. Visit the beautiful YU Garden, Old Town. Shanghai Museum, cross the Great Nampa Bridge and tour the Pudong area. Also explore Xintiandi with its 1920s style Smkomen buildings and end your stay in shanghai with an amazing Huangpu river evening tour. Days 4-7:Shanghai-Yangtze River Tour Fly to Yichang and change （approx: one hour）to board your Yangtze River ship for the next four nights. Enjoy a tour of the three Gorgee Dam（三峡大坝）before sailing on the grand Yangtze River ,passing through the impressive Three Gorges. We take a side tripe to the lesser Three Gorges or travel up the Shennong Stream in a peapod boat and enjoy various shore trips along the way. Day8 :ChongqingChengdu Get off in Chongqing and drive to Chengdu for an overnight stay. Day9-10;Chengdu-xian Visit the famous Panda Reserve to see the lovely animals We then fly to the historic city of Xian for two nights stay and enjoy traditional Shuijiao. Next day, explore one of the most important discoveries of the 20th centurythe Terracotta Warriors（兵马俑），followed by the ancient City wall and a performance of Tang Dynasty dancing. Day11-13:xian-beijing Visit little wild goose pagoda and see the ancient objects at the well-known Shanxi provincial museum before walking through the lively militia Quarter to see the Great Mosque. Later fly to Beijing for three nights stay and try Peking Duck. During our stay in Beijing, we stroll through Tiananmen Square to the Forbidden city, the largest and best preserved collection of ancient buildings in china, and visit the summer palace. Next day we take a walk on the Great wall, tour the unique Temple of Heaven and enjoy an attractive Chinese Acrzibatio show. Day14:Beijing-UK Fly back to the UK, arriving home later the same day filled with happy memories. 13. The underlined word “sample” in the passage probably means “ ” A. buy B. reserve C. taste D. make 14. The first and last scenic spots to he visited in xian are . A. the Terracotta Warriors and the Great Mosque B. the Terracotta Warriors and shanghai provincial Museum C. little wild goose Pagoda and Great Mosque D. Little wild goose Pagoda and the Muslim Quarter 15. Which of the following is TRUE according to the ad ? A. The tourists will have to pay extra for fuel and meals. B. The tourists will visit the 1920s Shikumen buildings in Beijing C. The tourists will take a side trip to the Three Gorges Dam during the tour. D. The tourists will stay in Beijing for three nights before leaving for the UK 16. The ad is mainly intended to . A. encourage the British to travel in China B. attract the British to traditional Chinese food C. offer service of booking air tickets to tourists D. provide the British with a better understanding of China. 答案 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.A(5)Take Action for a Better World : Volunteers NeededSix months preparation in Denmark: Africa studies, team work combined with social work with risk group teenagers.Six months community work in Malawi in People to People Projects: Child Aid,HIV/AIDS Figure and Teacher Training.Qualifications(条件):18 years, hardworking and social engagement.Please contact us by email: takeactionPart-time Work with Exchange StudentsYOUTH International is a nonprofit high school foreign exchange student organization. We welcome teenagers from over 80 countries worldwide and provide host families. The Community Representative is a parttime position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding in the community and earn some extra money.Applicants (申请人)bes