2021届高考英语二轮创新复习-专题二-第二节-利用行文手段解题学案.doc

2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 专题二 第二节 利用行文手段解题学案

2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 专题二 第二节 利用行文手段解题学案

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第二节　利用行文手段解题

授课提示：对应学生用书第21页
一、依据词汇线索解题
词汇线索主要包括代词线索和词汇复现两种情况。
【典例1】　(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ·片段)
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You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.__38__ So，slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
...
A.This can affect your work.
C.However，this should not discourage you.
G.Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
【解题】　前面提到“有些时候你的心不在你的工作上”，由此可知这会影响到你的工作，故选A。此处的代词this指代的就是前面的一整句话。再根据原文中so后提出的解决方案，可以确定答案。
【策略】
代词主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。代词指代一定要注意两种情况，一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是挖空后面的句子中的代词要特别关注。
【典例2】　(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ·片段)
Emoji(表情符号)and Workplace Communication
In Asia，messaging platforms are growing rapidly，with users in the hundreds of millions，both at work and play.__36__．It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
...
B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
【解题】　根据空前一句可知，信息平台在亚洲增长很快，而空后提到据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号，故可判断选项D承上启下。空格前后的说明都是空格处表达含义的例子说明。另外，空前一句中的platforms与选项D中的platforms相呼应，空前一句中的in Asia和空后一句中的in some western countries与选项D中的globally相呼应。
【策略】
词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句子中关键词(常为名词、动词、形容词)的同义词、近义词(组)或反义词(组)复现的方式来实现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。
二、依据逻辑关系解题
【典例1】　(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ·片段)
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__37__Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isn't a registry，a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with，like a piece of art or a plant.
...
B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D.If you're lucky enough to receive gifts，keep them in a safe place.
【解题】　空格位于第二段句首，结合本段内容可知，空格处应与聚会时所带礼物有关，故“带礼物去乔迁聚会是传统”。先提出应该带礼物，后面讲述如何选礼物等。故选B。此处属于总分关系。
【典例2】　(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ·片段)
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You？
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__40__While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working，and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D．
B.So what are you waiting for？
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
【解题】　空后说，虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害，但阳光也能带来有益的维生素D，这应该与上一句之间是转折关系，故空处应填呼吸新鲜空气附带的好处，因此D项符合语境，且选项D中的sunlight与空后的the sun's rays相呼应。
【策略】
文章由段落组成，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有总分、并列、递进、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系等。“七选五”阅读理解的解题策略之一就是理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。我们要熟记常见的逻辑关系的标识词。
1.表示转折关系：however，though，yet，on the contrary等；
2.表示因果关系：so，therefore，thus，as a result等；
3.表示顺序：at first，then，later，after，finally等；
4.表示并列与递进关系：and，what's more，not only...but also，firstly，secondly等；
5.表示列举：some...others，the second...，the third...，for one thing...for another等。

授课提示：对应学生用书第23页
A
(2020·邯郸二模)Chefs typically toss(抛)the frying food into the air from deep，rounded pans or woks before catching it again.Launching rice and its fixings allows a chef to cook it over really hot flames without burning.At times，temperatures in a pan can reach 1，200 Celsius dagree.__1__
Scientists found that the chefs relied on a specific pattern of motion.And they repeated those motions about three times a second.__2__At the same time the wok was rocked to and fro.The chefs used the edge of the stovetop as a fulcrum(支点)on which to balance as they rocked it.
Cooks use similarly complex patterns of movement to cook up other foods.__3__
Scientists used a computer to simulate(模仿)the tracks of rice that would occur in a wok moved in various ways.Along the way，the scientists hit on some key cooking tips.The rocking and sliding motions shouldn't be done at the same time.__4__Also，the wok's movements should repeat rapidly.Moving the wok even faster could launch the rice higher.That might allow cooking at higher temperatures and perhaps a quicker meal.
__5__Chefs at Chinese restaurants can struggle with shoulder pain，studies have shown.Rapidly shaking their heavy woks could be part of the problem.One solution might be a stir­frying robot.It could be built based on their new found results to take the weight off chefs' shoulders.
A．But faster shaking may be hard on a cook.
B．To make fried rice like a professional，use science.
C．If they are，the rice won't mix well and could burn.
D．Each repetition included sliding a wok back and forth.
E．Cooking is hard work that needs patience and perseverance.
F．The high temperature helps create the tastiest stir­fried food.
G．They will turn the pan quickly，for instance，to get smooth，flat egg cakes.
[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文，科学家对厨师炒菜时向空中抛菜的动作进行了研究，发现了其中的科学道理。
1．解析：根据F选项中的the high temperature可知，F选项与上文提到的高温属于同一话题。
答案：F
2．解析：根据D选项中的关键词repetition可知，D选项与上句中的repeated属于同一话题，顺理成章。
答案：D
3．解析：G选项中的for instance是对上句中use similarly complex patterns的例证。
答案：G
4．解析：根据空处前一句“The rocking and sliding motions shouldn't be done at the same time.”及C选项中的if they are可推断，这个省略句的完整形式是“If they are done at the same time，the rice won't mix well and could burn.”。
答案：C
5．解析：上段提到摇晃炒锅可以炒出好吃的菜。而本段主要讲述厨师的劳累。由此判断上下段之间为转折关系。
答案：A
B
(2020·河北六校联考)You've probably wrestled with how to best protect your important files.And you're torn between picking up an external(外部的)hard drive and relying on one of the many cloud services available today.__1__Here are several reasons to choose it.
It's offline.Cloud services are online­only.__2__This isn't the case with an external hard drive，of course.Cloud services require a lot of faith in the fact that you'll have an “always on” connection，anywhere and anytime—even while flying the friendly skies.
__3__Some portable drives，like the My Passport from WD，hold up to 5 terabytes(万亿字节)of data.If you're a digital lover who downloads and stores a ton of music，movies，TV shows and photos，you'll need more capacity(容量)than what free cloud storage solutions offer.
Data backups are easy.While most cloud services offer an auto­backup feature，so do many hard drives today.SanDisk's ibi，the Smart Photo Manager，for example，wirelessly backs up and organizes photos and videos stored on computers，smartphones and tablets(via an app)，social media accounts，and cloud services，too.__4__
It's safer.While cloud storage protects your data from local threats，like fire or flood，it doesn't mean you're home free.__5__And it doesn't mean your data can't be hacked either.However，using a hard drive，you won't have any of the worries.
A．You're guaranteed ample storage.
B．It's particularly convenient to store.
C．I strongly advise that you choose a cloud service.
D．It's not impossible for one to guess your password.
E．Actually an external hard drive has more advantages.
F．Sending files to a hard drive is also faster than to the cloud.
G．So you could be without your data if having no Internet connection.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了使用外置硬盘保护重要文件的好处。
1．解析：考查承上启下句。前面提到“你在买外置硬盘和依靠当今可利用的众多云服务中的一种之间左右为难”，后面提到“下面是选择它的几个原因”，故本空应是作者对选择外置硬盘还是云服务的建议，再结合后面四段对外置硬盘的优点的介绍可知，作者建议选择外置硬盘，故E项“事实上，外置硬盘优点更多”符合语境。
答案：E
2．解析：考查细节支撑句。根据前一句“Cloud services are online­only.”可知，云服务只能是在线使用，故G项“因此，如果没有网络连接，你就没有数据”符合语境。
答案：G
3．解析：考查段落主旨句。此处为小标题。根据下文中的“hold up to 5 terabytes of data”和“you'll need more capacity than what free cloud storage solutions offer”可知，本段主要介绍了外置硬盘具有充足的储存能力，故A项符合语境。
答案：A
4．解析：考查细节支撑句。本段说明外置硬盘的好处之一——备份数据很容易。F项意为“文件传输到硬盘上也比上传到云端快”，也是对小标题的解释说明。
答案：F
5．解析：考查细节支撑句。根据前一句“While cloud storage protects your data from local threats，like fire or flood，it doesn't mean you're home free.(虽然云存储可以保护你的数据免受像火或洪水等本地威胁，但这并不意味着你就可以高枕无忧了)”和后面的“And it doesn't mean your data can't be hacked either.”可知，本空也应是介绍使用云服务存在的安全问题，故D项“别人猜出你的密码也不是不可能的”符合语境。
答案：D
词汇积累：Para.1：wrestle with奋力对付，努力处理
She had spent the whole day wrestling with the problem.
她一整天都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。
be torn between A and B左右为难
I was torn between my parents and my friend.
我在父母和朋友之间左右为难。