八年级英语上册1-4单元知识点总结.doc

Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand新目标八年级英语上册第一单元Unit 1.How often do you exercise?I.重点短语归纳：on weekends在周末1. go to the movies去看电影2. look after=take care of照顾3. surf the internet上网4. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式5. go skateboarding去滑滑板watch TV看电视6. keep healthy=stay healthy= keep in good health保持健康 keep +形容词表保持某种状态do some reading阅读7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports锻炼8. eating habits饮食习惯9. take more exercise做更多的运动10. the same as与什么相同11. once a month一月一次12. be different from不同13. twice a week一周两次.three times a week一周三次14. make a difference to对什么有影响As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students. 身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。A false step will make a great difference to my future. 错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。15. how often多久一次，询问动作发生的频率how many times 多少次 ，用来提问做某事的次数16. although=though虽然Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite strong.)句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，还”；有because就不能再用so. 17. most of the students=most students大多数学生18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping购物19. as for至于20. activity survey活动调查21. do homework做家庭作业22. do house work做家务事23. eat less meat吃更少的肉24. junk food垃圾食物25. be good for对什么有益26. be bad for对什么有害27. want to do sth想做某事28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事29. try to do sth尽量做某事30. come home from school放学回家31. of course=certainly=sure当然32. get good grades取得好成绩33. some advice 一些建议some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议 give advice 提出建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议4. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事=help sb with sth35. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables许多蔬菜36. hardly= almost not几乎不hardly ever很少，几乎不，从不37. keep/be in good health保持健康38. your favorite program你最喜欢的节目39. Animal World动物世界40. play soccer踢足球41.every day每天everyday与everyday1. every day作状语，译为“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天7：10去上学。I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么？42.once or twice a week每周一两次43. three or four times a week每周三四次44. at Green High School在格林高中45. all students所有的学生46. most students大多数学生47. some students一些学生48. no students没有学生49.the result of a survey调查结果50.the result for “watch TV”“看电视”的调查结果51. improve your English提高你的英语52. drink milk喝牛奶53. pretty healthy相当健康 prettyadv.相当，非常Pretty（用作副词时） =rather=very=quite 非常，相当54. kind of= a little有点I think Im kind of unhealthy.我想我有点不健康。二.重点句子：1.How often do you exercise?你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？How often +助动词do(does或did) +主语+ do sth.?疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did)是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month等。How often do you go to the factory? Twice a week.你们多久到工厂去一次？ 每星期两次。 “How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.” 2“What do you usually doonweekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词,在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.3. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4.As forhomework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。至于我自己，我现在不想去。As for myself, I dont want to go now.至于那个人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothing about him. 5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语ask sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事6. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading.多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night?8. I exercise every day , usually when Icome home from school.9. My eating habits are pretty good .这里pretty相当于very。10.I try to eata lot ofvegetables , usuallyten to eleven times a week.try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:Youd better try doing the experiment in another way.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。11. My healthy lifestyle helps meget good grades.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级13.Is her lifestylethe same asyours or different?Is her lifestylethe same asyour lifestyle or is her lifestyledifferent fromyours? be the same as / be different from 14. What sports do you play ?15. A lot of vegetables help you tokeep in good health.keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级17. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。18. I think Im kind of unhealthy.我想我有点不健康。kind of= a littlea kind of一种三知识结构.注意sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。(1) sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”Will you come again sometime next week?(2) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用I will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。(3) some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”I met him some times in the street last month.上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。（4）sometimes是频度副词，意为“有时” He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends. 他有时周末去滑滑板。time意为“时间”时，为不可数名词。意为“次数，倍数”时，为可数名词， What time is it?I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次数”的表达方法一次once，两次twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上times：three times、five times、one hundred times.表示“几次”的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year same与different1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the，但是如果same前面已经有this，those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如：We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。 结构：the same as与.一样如：His mark is the same as mine.他的分数和我的分数一样。2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。结构：be different from与.不同如：This sweater is different from that one.这件毛衣与那一件不同。different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。hard / hardlyhard: hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。adj.辛苦的，困难的 adv.努力，使劲地He had a hard (adj.)time in the past.Its a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult)这是一个难的问题。The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力He workshard.他努力工作。句子结构：Its hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：Its hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。注意区分：hard work 困难的工作 work hard 努力工作hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。hardly: adv.几乎不，简直不I can hardly see it.我几乎看不到它。Hehardlyworks.他几乎不工作。Ithardlyrains here,doesit?how often / how long / how soon / how farhow often:“隔多久一次”，指动作的频率，答语常用often, never, twice a week等表示频率的副词或短语。（用于一般现在时或一般过去时）How often do you go to the movies?Once a week. / I never go to the movies.how long: 1)“（延续）多长时间”，回答用for时间段或since时间点。（用于各种时态）；2)询问物体的长度。How long is the Yellow River?How long have you learned English?I have learned itfor 5 years.I have learned itsince 5 years ago.how soon:“还要多久才，多久以后”，答语常用“in时间段”。（用于一般将来时）How soon will she come back?Shell come backin an hour.how far:“多远”，询问距离。Can you tell me how farit isfrom here to your home?How faris it from your home to our school?Its2 kilometersaway.人教新目标八年级英语上册Unit 2 whats the matter?一重点短语归纳1. foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙齿2. have a cold感冒3. have a stomachache胃疼4. have a sore back背疼5. have a sore throat喉咙疼6. have a fever发烧7. lie down and (have a)rest躺下休息 have a rest休息8. hot tea with honey加蜜的热茶9. see a dentist看牙医 see a doctor 看医生10.drink lots of water多喝水 11.lots of,a lot of, a lota lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot.12. have a toothache牙疼13. Thats a good idea好主意14. go to bed去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉 15. feel well感到好feel ill感到不舒服I dont feel well= Im not feeling well我感觉不舒服.16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事TO DO 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情DOING是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17. two days ago两天前18. get some rest多休息, 休息一会儿19. I think so我认为是这样20. be thirsty口渴 21. be hungry饥饿22. be stressed out紧张23. listen to music听音乐24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医26. need to do sth需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist.我牙痛,我需要去看牙医.We need to keep our classroom clean.我们需要保持教室的干净.27. a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡28. for example例如29. too much yin太多的阴, 阴气太盛too much +不可数名词太多的much too +形/副实在太极其，非常too many +可数名词复数太多的30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be good to 对好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅长begood(bad)for、begoodat的相关用法1.be good for 对.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。2.be good at 擅长于.Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。be good at = do well in 如：Im good at math. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3.be good to 对.好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。31.get good grades 取得好成绩32.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气I wasangrywith him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。 be angry at/ about sth就某事生气33.Chinese medicine中药34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries.现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。35.in western countries在西方国家36.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its important to do sth . 做某事很重要。37.balanced diet平衡饮食38.get tired感到疲倦 be/get tired 39.go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night.疲倦时，晚上你不该外出40.stay healthy保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health41.at the moment此时，此刻= now Im not feeling very well at the moment42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun43. conversation practice会话练习44. host family寄宿家庭45. have a lot of headaches经常疼痛Im tired and I have a lot of headaches.我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。46. a few +可数名词复数少许a little +不可数名词/形/副一点47.He shouldnt eat anything=He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西. 48.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 一则建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some goodadvice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时50.take medicine 吃药 服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。二 固定结构Its +形 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。Its important to do sth .做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answe