高中英语必修三-课文详解Book3-unit1.doc

5必修三 Unit 1 课文详解 杨磊译注 必修三 Unit 1 Festivals around the World世界各地的节日IVocabularytake place 发生beauty n.美；美人harvest n. & vt. Vi. 收获；收割celebration n.庆祝；祝贺starve vi. & vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死origin n.起源；由来；起因religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的seasonal adj.季节的；季节性的ancestor n.祖先；祖宗grave n.坟墓；墓地incense n.熏香；熏香的烟in memory of 纪念；追念feast n.节日；盛宴skull n.头脑；头骨Halloween n.万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕belief n.信任；信心；信仰dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰trick n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门 vt. 欺骗；诈骗 play a trick on搞恶作剧；开玩笑magpie n. 喜鹊remindof提醒想起forgive vt.原谅；饶恕poet n. 诗人arrival n.到来；到达；到达者gain vt.获得；得到independence n.独立；自主 independent adj.独立的；自主的gather vt. & vi. n.搜集；集合；聚集agriculture n.农业；农艺；农学 agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的award n.奖；奖品 vt.授予；判定produce n.产品；农产品rooster n.雄禽；公鸡admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的look forward to期望；期待；盼望carnival n.狂欢节；（四旬节前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）lunar adj.月的；月亮的；阴历的Easter n.(耶稣)复活节parade n. 游行；阅兵；检阅day and night日夜；昼夜；整天the Milky Way 银河weave vt. & vi.编织；（使）迂回前进herd n. 牧群；兽群set off 出发；动身；使爆炸Christian n.基督徒；信徒 adj.基督教的；信基督教的Jesus n.耶稣cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树blossom n.花； vi. 开花as though 好像have fun with玩得开心custom n.习惯；风俗worldwide adj.遍及世界的；世界性的rosebud n.玫瑰花蕾nesessity n.必要性；需要permission n.许可；允许prediction n.预言；预报；预告fashion n.样子；方式；时尚parking lot停车场Valentines Day情人节turn up 出现；到场keep ones word守信用；履行诺言hold ones breath屏息；屏气apologize vi.道歉；辩白drown vt. & vi.淹没；溺死；淹死obvious adj.明显的；显而易见的wipe vt.擦；擦去；揩weep vi.哭泣；流泪 n.哭；哭泣IIReading FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS节日与庆祝Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.译文：从古自今各地都举行过各式各样的节日和庆典。【注释：have been held是完成时的被动语态形式。在英语语言运用中，正确使用时态和语态的依据：(一)不同的时态有不同的时间状语与之对应，运用时态依据：(1)一般现在时常对应的时间状语有usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every few Wangguo Festival望果节(藏)days(every +系列)等; (2)现在进行时常对应的有now, these days等; (3)现在完成时常对应的有already, (not) yet, just, never, up to now, ever since, since +时间点/过去的动作，for +时间段系列， by now等； (4)一般将来时对应的有tomorrow, next week/month/year等表示将来的时间状语； (5)一般过去式对应的有yesterday, last week/month/year, just now, at that time, then, ago等表示过去的时间状语. (二)语态判断依据：(1)如果强调动作的执行者，就使用主动语态，其结构为：动作执行者(I)+动作(did) +动作承受者(the job)（即：I did the job）； (2)如果强调动作的承受者或不知道谁是动作的执行者，就使用被动语态，其结构为：动作承受者(the job) +动作被动式(was done) +其它(必要时可用by引导出动作的执行者，如by me)】 Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.译文：大多数古代节日是用来庆祝寒冷天气的结束、春天的耕作和秋日的收获。【注释：would表示过去的习惯，这种习惯现在也可能依然还有，如： Tom was late for class again this morning. He would be late for class】 Sometimes, celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.译文：有时，猎人在捕获猎物后，就常常举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.译文：在那时，如果寻找食物很困难，尤其是在寒冷的冬月间，人们就会饿死。【注释：starve vt. & vi.使饿死，饿得要死 eg. 1) Because there is no food, the people are starving.由于没有食品, 所以人们在挨饿。 2) Shes starving herself, trying to lose weight.她在饿肚子减肥。 3) Im starved very much now because I have had nothing at all today.我现在饿极了, 因为我今天什么也没吃。 由starve构成的短语有：starve to death饿死； starve for sth.渴望获得某物；缺乏某物；starve sb. of sth.使某人因得不到某物而受苦；starve sb. into doing sth.使某人挨饿而做某事；starve sb. out (of sth.)将某人饿得从隐藏处出来。如： 1) They got lost in the desert and starved to death. 2) The money has run out; they starve for a large sum of money to finish the work. 试题： The company is _ money. A. staved for B. starving for C. starving of D. starved注：be starved of sth.急需；缺乏】 Todays festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.译文：如今的节日都有渊源，有的起源于宗教，有的起源于季节性的，有的是由于特殊的人物或事件而引起的。Festivals of the Dead亡灵节Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.译文：有的节日是用来纪念亡灵，或满足先人，他们可能会回来，要么帮助人们，要么危害人们。【注释：honour (1)n.荣幸 eg. It has been a great honour your coming to visit me.您来看我, 不胜荣幸。 (2) vt. 尊敬 eg. 1) We all honour courageous people.我们都尊重勇敢的人。 2) ChildrenObon盂兰盆节(日) should honour their father and mother.孩子们应该尊敬其父母。 3) Lanny had honoured him as a teacher.兰尼尊他为师。 4) I am honoured to be asked to speak.我应邀发言, 不胜荣幸。 5) Were deeply honoured that you should agree to join us.想不到您会同意一起来, 真是不胜荣幸。 eitheror要么要么:用来连接两个并列成份，如： 1) Either your watches or mine is wrong.不是你们的表不准, 就是我的表不准。 2) I have not been to either Paris or Rome.我既没有到过巴黎也没有到过罗马。】 For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.译文：像日本的盂兰盆节，人们前去扫墓，点起香烛以纪念祖先。【注释：in memory of作为对某人的纪念 eg. He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.他兴办那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。 Obon日本的盂兰盆节：中国古代以一、七、十月之十五日分称上元、中元、下元：上元是天官赐福日，中元为地官赦罪日，下元为水官解厄日。所以会在中元时普渡孤魂野鬼。中元节农历7月15日中国民间的传统节日“中元节”。在南方，亦称“鬼节”。也有说法中元节是在农历7月14日。节日这天，人们带上祭品，到坟上去祭奠祖先，与清明节上坟相似。在封建时代，地方官府还命令寺庙的和尚道士设孤魂道场，以祭奠阵亡的军士，中元节时，人们要焚烧大量的纸钱。它的另一叫法即盂兰盆节。每年农历七月十五日为“盂兰盆节”，也称“中元节”（一定意义上讲，中元节归属道教，盂兰盆节归属佛教），有些地方俗称“鬼节”、“施孤”，又称亡人节、七月半。】 They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.译文：他们也点亮灯火，演奏音乐，因为他们认为这会引领祖先回到世上。【注释：lead vt.引导，牵引；领导，率领，指挥；影响，劝诱； vi. 通向；导致 (1) lead sb. to sp.领某人到某处 eg. The path leads us to the small village. (2) lead sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事 eg. The terrible scene of the film led us to feel frightened with the natural disaster. (3) lead to通向；导致 eg. All roads lead to Rome. (4) lead sbs doing sth.导致某人做某事 (5) lead a life过着的生活 eg. Now I am leading a happy life. (6) take the lead夺得领先地位 eg. 1) Japan has taken the lead in car production.日本在汽车生产中居首位。 2) They took the lead in conducting the experiments.他们带头做试验。】 In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.译文：在墨西哥，人们在十一月初庆祝鬼节。 On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 译文：在这个重要的宗教节日，人们吃一些颅骨形状的食物还吃一些上面带有“骨头”的蛋糕。【注释：in the shape of以形状/形式 eg. 1) The cloud was in the shape of a cock.那云成公鸡形。2) He expressed his gratitude to us in the shape of an invitation to dinner.他请我们吃饭, 表示对我们的感谢。】They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.译文：他们给死者/亡灵供奉食物、鲜花和礼物。 The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.译文：西方的万圣节也有其根源，古时人们相信死者的灵魂能够回来。 It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.译文：现在，万圣节已成为孩子的节日，在这一天，他们可以化装到邻居家里要糖果。【注释：dress up (1)穿上特殊服装 eg. They all dressed up to take part in the New Years party.他们都穿上盛装, 去参加除夕晚会。 (2)打扮, 梳理, 粉饰, 伪装 eg. She dressed the children up.她把孩子们打扮得漂漂亮亮。 (3) (使)装扮成另一种样子 eg. He dressed himself up as Father Christmas.他打扮成圣诞老人。 】 If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.译文：如果邻居不给糖果，孩子们就会捉弄他们。【注释：play (a) trick on sb.捉弄某人;开某人的玩笑; play a joke on sb.戏弄某人 eg. Dont play a trick on him any longer, and he is angry now.】Festivals to Honour People纪念性的节日Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.译文：节日可以用来纪念名人。 The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.译文：中国的端午节（又叫龙船节）就是纪念古代著名诗人屈原。 In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World.译文：在美国，哥伦布日是用来纪念克里斯托弗哥伦布到达新大陆的。 India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain indias independence from Britain.译文：印度的十月2号是全国节日，以纪念莫罕达斯甘地, 他帮助印度摆脱英殖民统治，获得独立。【注释：gain vt.获得；得到；增加 (1) gain by/ from sth.从中获益 eg. I gained a lot by/ from my former experience. (2) carry/ gain ones point说服某人接受自己的观点 eg. Tom has gained my point. (3) gain on sb./ sth.接近/逼近(所追逐的)某人或某物 辨析：gain, win, get, earn, acquire gain指在斗争、竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定价值。win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能得到。earn意为“赢得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得的报酬。acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。 试题： 1) Im new in the job but Im already gaining experience. 2) His perseverance won him many friends and a gold medal. 3) My father has lived a long life, and alone enough to win great respect in his town. 3) He has earned a lot of money by working in the evenings. 5) After 10 years hard work, Tom has acquired a good knowledge of English. 6) She doesnt get enough food every day. 】Harvest Festivals收获节日Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events, people are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.译文：由于人们已为冬季采集好食物以及农活已毕, 所以人们感谢上苍，在收获节和感恩节有非常快乐的活动。【注释：grateful adj. 感激的；感谢的 eg. Id be very grateful if you could let me know as soon as possible.如果你尽快让我知道我将非常感激。 gather vt. 采集, 采拾; 收割, 收获 eg. 1) He gathered me some good stamps.他为我收集了一些好邮票。 2) My boyfriend gathered some beautiful flowers for me.我的男朋友为我采来一些美丽的花。】 In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.译文：在欧洲各国，人们通常会用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅，聚在一起吃饭。【注释：get together聚会; 联欢 eg. 1) All the members of the family get together once a year.全家成员每年团聚一次。 2) Its about time we got together for a chat.现在该是我们见面谈谈的时候了。】 Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.译文：一些人可能会因他们的农产品而获得奖励，如最大的西瓜，或最雄壮的公鸡。【注释：award vt.奖励；授予； n. 奖；奖品（金） (1) award sth. to sb. = award sb. sth.把某物颁发给某人 eg. He was awarded a medal for bravery. (2) win the award of $10,000赢得1万美元奖金 辨析：award, reward, prize ： award指任务或工作完成的好而给予的额外的奖励；reward指完成任务或工作应得的报酬；prize指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽采中所赢得的奖赏或奖品。如： 1) How can I reward you for your help? 2) I won first prize in the painting competition. 3) The court awarded heavy damages.法院判定很重的损失赔偿金。 考题：1) Scientists found that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _. A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results 】 China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.译文：中国和日本都有中秋节，届时人们赏月，在中国还吃月饼。Spring Festivals春节The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.译文：最具活力的、最为重要的节日就是那些期盼寒冬的结束和春天的来临。【注释：look forward to 期望, 盼望 eg. 1) Im looking forward to your visit next week.我在盼望着你下周光临。 2) We look forward to seeing you again.我们期待着与你再次相见。】 At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.译文：在中国的春节，人们吃饺子、吃鱼、吃肉，还给孩子用红纸包裹的压岁钱。 There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.译文：有舞龙的，有狂欢节，一家人聚在一起庆祝农历新年。 Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.译文：一些西方国家也有非常令人激动的狂欢节，通常是在二月的复活节之前的45天举行。【注释：take place发生；举行 eg. 1) The threatening strike did not take place after all.可能来临的罢工终究没有发生。 2) The evening party will take place on New Years Eve.晚会将在除夕那天举行。】 These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.译文：这些狂欢可能包括日日夜夜的游行、跳舞、响亮的音乐和各种各样的彩色服装。 Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world.译文：对于世界各地的基督徒来说，复活节是一个重要的宗教和社会活动节日。 It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.译文：它是庆祝耶稣的复活和春天及新生命的来临。 Japans Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.译文：日本的樱花节来的晚一些。 The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.译文：该国，到处都是樱树花，看起来就像到处是粉红色的雪。【注释：cover with 用遮盖住, 用填满 1) He covered his wife with his body.他用身体掩护自己的妻子。 2) The field is covered with snow.田野一片积雪。】People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other.译文：人们喜欢在一起吃呀、喝呀和玩呀。 Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.译文：节日让我们热爱生活，以我们的习俗自豪，并能让我们暂时忘却工作。重点句型：1At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 【精提取】food was difficult to find 是“主语beadj.不定式”结构，其中food是find 的逻辑宾语。 【巧应用】英语难以在短时间内学好。English _ _ _ _ _in a short time. 答案：is difficult to learn well2The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.【精提取】as though (as if)“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。【巧应用】他谈起金字塔来，就好像亲眼见过似的。He talks about pyramids_ _ _ _ _ them himself. 答案：as though he had seen3Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather，planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 【精提取】would 用在此处表示过去的习惯、习性、倾向等，意思是“过去常常”，常与often，frequently，sometimes, for hours等连用。【巧应用】我年轻的时候，夏天去游泳，冬天去滑冰。When I was young，_ _ _ _ in summer and go skating in winter.答案：I would go swimming4It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.【精提取】It is obvious that.很明显。【巧应用】显然，如果没有你我不可能按时完成工作。_ _ _ _I cant finish the work on time without you. 答案：It is obvious that