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被动语态
姓名：____________ 时间：_____________ 编号：_________
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时 (will/ shall be +done)
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
4．过去将来时 (would/should be +done)
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
5. 现在进行时 (am/ is/ are being +done)
The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
6. 过去进行时 (was/ were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。
7．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
8. 过去完成时：(had been + done)
He had been told many times not to be late. 他被告诉好多次不要迟到了。
三、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成
We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
→It should be done at once.
六、特殊情况
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
→I am never let to watch TV by mother.
3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
→（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
→（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
七、常见的句型结构：
It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......
It is(was)well known that......众所周知
It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然
It must be remembered that......务必记住......
（ ）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held B were held C．are holding D．will ho1d
（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．
A． is giving B is given C will give D has given
（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught
（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer".
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards
（ ）5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used
（ ）6. --Do you often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our classroom __________every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned
（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．
A． polluted B was polluted C has polluted D．was po11ute
（ ）8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.
--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.
A. is started B. was started C. has started
（ ）9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!
A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen
（ ）10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden． A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted
（ ）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.
A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown
（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives
（ ）13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up
（ ）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed
（ ）15. —Do you often clean your classroom?
—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned
（ ）16．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.
A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told
（ ）17．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.
A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down
（ ）18．--- My watch ______.
--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped
（ ）19．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?
---No, I___________.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
（ ）20．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?
-- Once a year.
A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold
（ ）21．On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold
（ ）22．The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.
A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards
（ ）23．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.
—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.
A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted
（ ）24．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.”
---Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown
（ ）25．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008．
A．will hold B will be held C．hold
（ ）26. The girl was often heard happily in her room.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings
（ ）27. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
（ ）28. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
典型例题
一般现在时
1A 。[解析]考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。
2[答案]B。[解析]本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”
3[答案]D。[解析]考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。
4[答案]A。[解析] 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。
5[答案]C 。[解析]从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。
6. [答案]C。[解析]考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。
一般过去时
1[答案]B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。
2[答案]B。 [解析]从句意：“……自从‘地球日’开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started故选B。
3. We ________into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer them up. [太原市]
A. divided B. are divided C. were divided
3[答案]C。[解析]本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句"We did many things．”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。
4C 5D
一般将来过去
1[答案]D。[解析] 本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为next week，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以D项正确。
2B
答案B
答案：D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。
答案为C。句中有every day，主语为our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。
【参考答案】
1．答案D 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和tell之间是被动关系。
2．答案B 解析：由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。
3．答案A 解析：由Let’s go to the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选
4．答案B 解析：由Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。
5．答案C 解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C。
6．答案D 解析：由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。
7．答案A 解析：依据题意： “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The "Thousand- hand Guanyin"，要用被动语态。故选A。
8．答案C 解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。
9．答案D 解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。
10．答案B解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008可知是将来时，运动会应该是“被举行”，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will +be+过去分词。
11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息was often heard可直接断定正确答案为B。
12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term可知要用一般将来时，先排除B、C二项；另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选A。
13选A
14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时，先排除A、C二项；另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选B。
15选D
16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.”可知“（电视）已经关掉了”，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为C。
17选C
18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可知本题要用被动语态，先排除A、B二项；结合题意可舍C选D。
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