2021届高考英语二轮复习-组合练(十二)阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空(含解析).doc

2021届高考英语二轮复习 组合练（十二）阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空（含解析）

2021届高考英语二轮复习 组合练（十二）阅读理解+阅读七选五+语法填空（含解析）

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组合练(十二)　阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It's common knowledge that some countries have higher life expectancies(预期寿命)than others，but the city you live in can also affect your health.
Some cities are hard on their citizens.In places with poor city planning—Lagos was called out recently by the Economist Intelligence Unit—public spaces are few and far between，making outdoor activities hard.Lack of infrastructure(基础设施)jams the streets with cars and the air with pollutants，and people work long hours for little money.
These are just some of the factors concluded by Spotahome，a rental agency.They've analyzed data from a range of sources，including the World Health Organization，TripAdvisor and the CIA World Factbook to score each city on health，gym availability and quality，life expectancy，obesity(肥胖)，green space and other elements to work out a list of the world's healthiest cities.
The list is certainly Euro­centric but continuous sunshine is seen as a positive thing，even if it may be more of a disadvantage in other regions.But it does go some way towards suggesting which cities are getting it right in providing a good life for their inhabitants.
It may not be surprising to learn that most of the healthiest cities are in northern Europe，known for its people­first approach to city planning.Australia and Canada also do well—but Alaska，the first U．S.city is only in 34th place.The U．K.doesn't fare too well either—its only city in the top 50 list is London，in 40th.
Whether you're planning a wholesome holiday，or simply wondering what your city can do better，this list of the 50 healthiest cities will give you pause for thought.Here are the attractive，healthy­eating，clean­aired cities that are getting it right.
[语篇解读]　文章是关于世界上最健康的城市的介绍。
1．Why are some cities difficult to live in according to the text?
A．The air is heavily polluted.
B．There is no city planning.
C．Outdoor activities aren't available.
D．Public places are limited.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“public spaces are few and far between”可知，公共用地有限是其中一个原因，故选D。
答案：D
2．How did Spotahome list the world's healthiest cities?
A．By figuring out the city's green area.
B．By gaining information via various people.
C．By analyzing different aspects of the cities.
D．By selecting those with the highest life expectancy.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，他们分析了来自各种渠道的数据，然后给每一个城市打分，根据健康、体育馆的设备和使用质量、预期寿命、肥胖、绿地空间和其他一些因素来做出最健康的城市名单。故选C项“通过分析城市的不同方面”。
答案：C
3．What does the list aim to help people do?
A．Form healthy eating habits.
B．Choose a right place for a holiday.
C．Become aware of attractiveness of cities.
D．Reflect the future of the city planning.
解析：推理判断题。全文最后一段第一句话提到，不管你是正在计划度假，还是仅仅想弄明白你的城市能够更好地做些什么，这份50个最健康城市的名单，将会帮助你去思考。故选B项“选择一个合适的地方去度假”。
答案：B
4．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary.　　　　　　　 B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知本文有关全世界最健康的城市，应该摘自一本杂志，而非日记、指南手册和小说。故选D。
答案：D
B
Though plastic shopping bags are cheap and useful，they cause widespread pollution.Now，we may have an unlikely helper to help clean up our garbage—a small wax worm.
The worm's hidden skills were discovered by accident.About two years ago，Federica Bertocchini，a developmental biologist at the Spanish National Research Council and an amateur beekeeper，was cleaning out bees' nest that had been filled with worms.She removed the worms and put them in a plastic bag while doing the cleaning.After finishing，she went back to the room where she had left the worms，and found they had escaped from the bag.When she checked，she saw that the bag was full of holes.
Realizing she may have made an important discovery，Bertocchini teamed up with other researchers to conduct further research.They began by placing 100 worms on some plastic bags and discovered that over a 24­hour period，the worms managed to chew through 92 milligrams of plastic.The researchers make an appropriate judgment that at this rate，the group of worms could degrade(降解)an average­sized 5.5­gram plastic bag within a month.To rule out the possibility that chewing was causing the degradation，the researchers spread the soft wet substance inside the body of some recently dead worms on a sheet of plastic.Sure enough，even the liquid was able to eat through the material，confirming that the worms have plastic­digesting enzymes(酶)．
While the news is certainly encouraging，not everyone is convinced.The Michigan State University's Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic­eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain，causing even more harm to the environment and human health.Susan Selke，director of Michigan State University School of Packaging，is concerned that the worms will not be able to survive in an oxygen­free landfills where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth.
However，Bertocchini is not planning to transport worm armies to landfills.Instead，the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic.The researcher says，maybe we can find the molecule(分子) and produce it on an industrial level，rather than using a million worms in a plastic bag.
[语篇解读]　西班牙生物学家Federica Bertocchini爱好养蜜蜂，她在清理蜂巢时意外发现了一种能吃塑料的蜡虫，她和她的团队对此进行了研究，她的这一发现未来有望用于治理白色污染。
5．What did the experiment of using dead worms find out?
A．Worms' chewing may cause the degradation.
B．A plastic­eating chemical exists in wax worms.
C．Dead worms are effective in dealing with plastic.
D．It takes a long time for worms to degrade plastic.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To rule out the possibility that chewing...the worms have plastic­digesting enzymes.”可知，研究者们将刚刚死去的虫子体内的浆液置于一片塑料上，结果发现这种液体也有降解塑料的作用，并得出蜡虫体内含有一种可降解塑料的酶这一结论。故选B。
答案：B
6．What is Ramani Narayan's attitude to Bertocchini's finding?
A．Objective.　　　　　　　 B．Convinced.
C．Questioning. D．Optimistic.
解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“While the news is certainly encouraging，not everyone is convinced.The Michigan State University's Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic­eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain，causing，even more，harm to the environment and human health.”可知，虽然Bertocchini他们的发现很令人振奋，但并不是每个人都信服，Ramani Narayan就是其中一个。他认为，生物降解(此处指通过蜡虫来降解塑料)可能会携带有害物质，并将其输送到食物链中，甚至会给环境和人类健康带来更多的危害。由此可推知，Ramani Narayan对Bertocchini的发现持“怀疑的”态度。故选C。
答案：C
7．What might Bertocchini focus her later research on?
A．The structure of plastic­degrading enzymes.
B．The use of other worms in disposing plastic.
C．Wax worms' adaptability to the landfill environment.
D．The chance of producing wax worms on a large scale.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Instead，the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic...produce it on an industrial level”可知，Bertocchini接下来会将其研究重心放在可降解塑料的酶上，研究其内部结构，如发现其分子等。故选A。
答案：A
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Can Wax Worms Save the Environment?
B．Wax Worms Have an Appetite for Plastic
C．Why Do Wax Worms Have Plastic­eating Skills?
D．Hungry Worms Join the Fight Against Plastic Pollution
解析：标题归纳题。第一段点明文章主题——发现能够帮助处理塑料垃圾的虫子；第二段具体说明了Bertocchini是如何发现蜡虫能够降解塑料的；第三段讲述了Bertocchini和其他研究人员对此作的进一步研究；第四段介绍了对此研究发现所持的不同态度；最后一段介绍Bertocchini接下来的打算。综合可知，本文主要讲的是研究人员发现了蜡虫能降解塑料，想通过蜡虫这一特点来研究它们能不能帮助降解生活中的塑料垃圾，因此A项能概括全文。故选A。
答案：A
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Eye contact is an important aspect of non­verbal behavior.__1__
Give and receive feedback(反馈)．Looking at someone lets them know that the receiver is concentrating on the content of their speech.__2__ Communication may not be a smooth process if a listener turns away their eyes too frequently.It has also been suggested that if someone maintains constant eye contact，then they are trying too hard and may well be lying.
__3__ This is related to point one.Eye contact is more likely to be continuous when someone is listening，rather than speaking.When a person has finished what he/she has to say，he/she will look directly at the other person and this gives a signal that it is time for him or her to speak.If someone does not want to be interrupted，eye contact may be avoided.
Convey something about a relationship between people.When you dislike someone，you tend to avoid eye contact and your pupil(瞳孔)size is often reduced.__4__ Dilation(扩张)of the pupils is a reaction to the sight of someone attractive，so increased eye contact could be a biological mechanism (生理机制)to help find a potential partner.__5__
A．The eyes are the window to the soul.
B．Let partners know when it is their turn to speak.
C．Not maintaining eye contact can indicate disinterest.
D．In interpersonal communication，it serves three main purposes.
E．On the other hand，positive eye contact signals attraction to a partner.
F．Therefore，we can judge the relationship between two communicators by their eye contact.
G．Scientists have found out the three biological bases of eye contact in human communication.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了眼神接触在人际交流中的三项功能。
1．解析：由下面的三个段落的内容可知，本文主要介绍了眼神接触在人际交流中的三项功能，D选项中的it指代前一句中的eye contact。
答案：D
2．解析：本选项与前一句在语义上相对，上一句指出看着别人会让别人知道听者专注于倾听，本选项则说明不保持眼神的接触表明对所说内容不感兴趣。
答案：C
3．解析：由本段中的“this gives a signal that it is time for him or her to speak”可知，本段主要说明了眼神交流可以让交谈的人知道该轮到谁说话了，故选B。
答案：B
4．解析：不喜欢某人的话会避免眼神接触并且瞳孔会缩小。而积极的眼神接触则传递着对交谈方的兴趣和吸引，由此可判断选E。
答案：E
5．解析：空处是在本段内容的基础上得出的一个结论，说明可以通过眼神接触来断定交谈者之间的关系，与本段首句呼应。
答案：F
Ⅲ.语法填空
Ever felt like you're too old or too late 1.____________(start)exercising？Well，you're not. And Ernestine Shepherd is proof of that.She 2.____________(declare)to be the oldest competitive female bodybuilder in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2016 and 2017.Ernestine is over 80 years old now.
When 3.____________(ask)what the secret to her success is，the granny says，“Discipline，4.____________(determine)，and of course hard work！Believe it or not，it was not until I was 56 years old 5.____________ I took up exercising.I was a total couch potato then and suffered from serious diseases.One day，I went clothes shopping with my sister and while 6.____________ (try) things on，we found ourselves laughing at each other.Then and there we knew 7.____________ was time to get in better shape.So we decided to join a gym and started working out together.”
Although now in her eighties，Ernestine takes up three jobs: a personal trainer，a 8.____________(profession)model and a competitive bodybuilder.She continues to prove that age is 9.____________(simple)a number.She continues to be a role model not just for senior women everywhere，10.____________ for every one of us.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主题语境为人与自我之做人与做事。年过八旬的美国老太Ernestine Shepherd拥有完美的肌肉状态，是世界上年龄最大的女性健美运动员。
1．解析：too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。
答案：to start
2．解析：Ernestine Shepherd是被宣布为吉尼斯世界纪录创造者，故用被动语态；in 2016 and 2017是表示具体的过去时间，故使用一般过去时。
答案：was declared
3．解析：when asked what the secret to her success is是“连词＋分词”表示省略。
答案：asked
4．解析：空格中所填单词在句中和discipline，hard work是并列关系，故用determine的名词形式。
答案：determination
5．解析：该句使用了强调句型，被强调的是时间状语not until I was 56 years old。
答案：that
6．解析：此处为省略形式，完整表达为while we were trying things on。
答案：trying
7．解析：句型it is/was time to do sth.表示“该是做某事的时候了”。
答案：it
8．解析：该空修饰后面的名词model，故填profession的形容词形式。
答案：professional
9．解析：空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词is，故用simple的副词形式。
答案：simply
10．解析：not just...but...意思是“不仅是……而且……”。
答案：but