牛津高中英语M4U1语言点(教师版).doc

M4U1 Language Points
Welcome --- Word power
1. advertise v.（为…）做广告；登广告 vi. 登广告招聘
e.g. (1) The perfume has been advertised in all the major women’s magazines.
(2) We need to advertise for a new chef. 登广告招聘一名新厨师
advertisement (常简写为ad) n. 广告，宣传
advertising adj. 登广告，广告宣传 n. 广告业
e.g. (1) a national advertising campaign 全国性的广告运动
(2) He has been working in advertising for 20 years. 从事广告业
2. persuade v. 劝说
persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth
persuade sb out of doing sth
persuade sb + that从句
e.g. (1) She finally persuaded me to lend him all my savings.
= She finally persuaded me into lending him all my savings.
(2) He tried to persuad me to give up the idea of dropping the experiment, but failed.
他试图说服我放弃中断试验的想法，但是没成功。
(3) Will you persuade him that he has made the wrong decision?
persuasive adj. 有说服力的 persuasion n. 说服
e.g. They used many persuasive arguments. 有说服力的论据
3. be meant to 有义务（责任）做；有意（打算）做
e.g. (1) His word was meant to be an apology but it only made her angry.
(2) You are meant to keep the children out of trouble. 你有义务不让孩子们遇到麻烦。
be meant for sth/sb 为…准备，设计的
e.g. These books are not meant for primary school students.
【巩固】mean doing 意味着做某事 mean to do 打算做某事
e.g. ---- Why didn’t you come to the party last night?
---- I _______ see you yesterday but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. meant to B. had meant to C. would mean to D. have meant to
4. cheat vi. 作弊；不忠 vt. 欺骗 n. 作弊者；作弊行为
e.g. (1) Kids always find ways of cheating in school exams. 考试作弊
(2) He swore to me that he had never cheated.
(3) The salesman cheated the old into buying a fake. 销售员经常欺骗老人购买赝品。
The salesman cheated the old out of their money.
5. breath n. 气息；呼吸
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 be out of breath喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
e.g. (1) I held my breath and dived into the river. 我屏住呼吸，潜入河里。
(2) She was out of breath from climbing the stairs. 她爬楼爬得上气不接下气。
breathe v. 呼吸 vi. 吸入
e.g. (1) He held her so tightly that she could hardly breathe.
(2) He took a deep breath and began his speech.
= He breathed deeply and began his speech.
6. fool n. 蠢人，傻子 vt. 愚弄，欺骗
fool sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做 make a fool of oneself 出丑
e.g. (1) I made a complete fool of myself in front of everyone! 我当众出丑了！
(2) Don’t let anyone fool you into handing over large sums of money. 骗你交出
foolish adj. foolishly adv.
7. cure n. 有效药，疗法；对策 vt. 治愈；消除
e.g. (1) It’s the only possible cure for the present situation. 唯一对策
(2) Nothing seemed to cure him of his nervousness. 消除他的紧张
8. comment n. 评论，述评 v. 发表意见，评价
make a comment on = make comments on 对…做出评价
e.g. (1) Did she make any comments on your speech? 她对你的演讲做评价了吗？
(2) I’m not in a position to comment on the matter. 我无权对此事发表评论。
9. fall for 被某人所吸引，爱上某人；（轻易）相信某事
e.g. (1) They fell for each other at first sight and got married six weeks later. 一见钟情
(2) The salesman said the car was in good condition, and I was foolish enough to fall for it. 我竟然信以为真。
10. trick n. 计谋；骗术；诀窍；技巧 v. 欺骗；欺诈（某人）
play tricks/jokes on sb捉弄某人 trick sb out of sth 骗走某人某物
trick sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
e.g. (1) The kids often play tricks/jokes on the old man. 孩子们经常戏弄老人。
(2) She tricked me into lending her 10,000 yuan. 她骗我借给她10,000元。
11. aim n. 目标；瞄准 v. 瞄准；对准
e.g. (1) My main aim on this course is to gain confidence. 上该课程的主要目的
(2) The project aimed at helping the poor is under discussion. 旨在帮助穷人的项目
(3) He aimed at the tree, but missed. 他瞄准了那棵树，但是没打中。
aim at (doing) sth 力求达到；力求做到
e.g. (1) These measures are aimed at preventing violent crimes. 旨在防止暴力犯罪
(2) This project aims to improve the students’ creativity. 旨在提高学生的创造力
12. benefit n. 益处；福利 v. 受益；有助于
beneficial adj. 有益的 sth benefit sb = sb benefit from sth
benefit from 从…中受益 be of benefit to sb = be beneficial to sb 对某人有益
e.g. (1) The new sports centre benefits the whole community.
= The whole community benefits from the new sports center.
(2) The benefits include medical insurance and a company car. 福利
(3) Patients have benefit(t)ed greatly from this treatment. 大大受益
(4) One or two glasses of wine a day can be beneficial/be of benefit to us.
13. promote v. 促进；晋升；推销；促销
e.g. (1) The young army officer got promoted to captain.这位年轻的军官被提升为了上尉。
(2) How can we promote the sales of this product? 我们要如何推销这一产品？
promoter n. 策划者，推销者 promotion n. 晋升；提升
14. consult vt. 向…咨询 vi. 商量；查阅，查询
consult sb about sth 就某事咨询某人 consultant n. 顾问 consultation n.
e.g. (1) Have you consulted your lawyer about this matter? 就此事咨询律师
(2) Before going on a diet, you’d better consult your doctor. 咨询医生
(3) consult/refer to the dictionary/look up a word in the dictionary 查字典
重点句型
1. We are so used to them that we often do not even realize how many we see and hear in a day.
2. When it comes to advertisements, we must all use our intelligence and not be a slave to them!
Grammar --- Project
15. recommend vt. 推荐；介绍；建议 recommendation n. 建议，提议
recommend sth to sb = recommend sb sth recommend doing sth
recommend sb for sth/as sth recommend sb to do sth
recommend that sb (should) do sth It’s recommended that sb (should) do sth
e.g. (1) Our teacher recommended us some new books on this subject.
老师向我们推荐了这个学科的一些新书。
(2) I recommend buying the dictionary. 我推荐买这本字典。
(3) I will recommend him as general manager. 我将推荐你担任总经理。
(4) He recommended that we (should) read the novel. 他建议我们读这本小说。
It is recommended that we (should) read the novel.
His recommendation that we (should) read the novel is of great value.
16. bargain n. 便宜货；协议 vi. 讨价还价
bargain with sb about/over sth 就…与某人讨价还价
make a bargain with sb 与达成协议 That’s/It’s a bargain/deal. 一言为定。
at a bargain 以低价 It’s a bargain. 真便宜。
e.g. (1) I bought the painting at a bargain. 我低价买了这幅画。
(2) We bargained with her about the computer.
17. target n. 目标；靶子 v. 瞄准；以…为目标
a target audience/group target sth at sb/sth 以…为目标，把…瞄准、对准
e.g. (1) My target is to save $20 a month.
(2) The campaign is clearly targeted at the young. 这个宣传计划显然是针对青年人的。
18. determine vt. 确定，查明；决定
determined adj. 有决心的，决定的 determination n.
determine sth 确定，查明；决定 be determined to do sth be determined +从句
determine to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth
e.g. (1) a determined look 坚决的表情 a man of determination 有决断力的人
(3) He is determined to learn a foreign language, so he bought some books for beginners.
= Determined to learn a foreign language, he bought some books for beginners.
他决定学一门外语，因而买了一些可供初学者使用的书。
19. appeal vi. 有吸引力；呼吁 n. 吸引力；呼吁
appeal to sb 吸引某人 appeal to sb for sth 向某人呼吁…
appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做… make an appeal to sb for sth 向某人提出…呼吁
e.g. (1) The film appeals to young people. 这部电影投合青年人的喜好。
(2) The government appealed to the public to raise the awareness of environmental protection. 政府呼吁公众提高环保意识。
(3) The new fashion soon lost its appeal. 失去了吸引力
appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的
20. react vi. 做出反应，回应 reaction n.
react (to sth) reaction to sb/sth
e.g. (1) I called her, but she didn’t react.
(2) The locals reacted angrily to the news. 当地人对这一消息表示愤怒。
(3) ---- What was his reaction to the news? 他对这消息有何反应？
---- He didn’t react to it.
21. get sth across to sb 传达；被理解；使人了解
【扩展】get sth over 克服某事 get (sth) through 通过；完成；到达
get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事
e.g. (1) He’s not very good at getting his ideas across.
(2) The final examination is coming. It’s time for us to get down to learning English.
(3) ---- The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.
---- Don’t worry. We have already got through two thirds of it.
(4) He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he soon got over it.
22. urge vt. 敦促，力劝；极力主张，强调 n. 强烈的欲望，冲动
urge sb to do sth urge that sb (should) do sth have an urge to do sth
e.g. (1) The headmaster urged us to hand in our homework. 校长督促我们交作业。
(2) My friends urged that I (should) apply for the position. 主张申请这个职位
(3) He desires to become a cinema star. = He has an urge to become a cinema star.
23. die of; die from (前者通常指死于内因，后者通常指死于外因，有时两者可换用)
【扩展】be dying to do sth/be dying for sth 渴望
die away 指声音、风、光线等“渐息”、“渐弱”
die down 意为“(慢慢)熄灭”、“平静下来”
die off 意为“一个一个地死去”(= die one by one)
die out 指家族、种族、习俗、观念等“灭绝”、“绝迹”
e.g. (1) His anger has died down a bit. (2) The sound of the car died away in the distance.
(3) She is dying to know the result. (4) As he grew older, his relatives all died off.
(5) Many old customs are gradually dying out.
(6) Unfortunately, his father died of a fever while his mother died from a traffic accident.
重点句型
1. It is important to always try to appeal to the audience in order to get them to react in a certain way.
2. We will also publish an article in the school magazine informing students about the dangers of smoking, and we will organize an essay competition as well.
【巩固训练】
1. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _________ for another hour.
A. waiting B. wait C. to wait D. to be waiting
2. I am sure nobody will ________ his old trick.
A. fall into B. drop for C. fall for D. run into
3. The cunning fox tricked the little rabbit ________ picking up the carrots in the field and then caught it.
A. on B. into C. along D. to
4. He was unable to ________ to the students what he meant.
A. get through B. get across C. get down D. get around
5. The government is ________ everyone to save water.
A. appealing B. appealing for C. appealing of D. appealing to
6. Mary loves history so much that she ______ to study history in university in the future.
A. determines B. enables C. connects D. persuades
7. Word came that the government hanged the hero. Local residents _________ angrily to it.
A. acted B. reacted C. reported D. adapted
8. Their old house was too shabby, so they had a new house _________.
A. contained B. consisted C. updated D. built
9. The school has decided to adopt a different _________ to attract more students, since old ways didn’t work well.
A. use B. approach C. issue D. trick
10. He tried to convince his grandson _____ the pleasure of reading and the benefit _____ it.
A. of; from B. of; of C. from; of D. from; of
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