2010年沈阳中考英语阅读理解、简答题优秀教案.doc

2010年沈阳中考英语阅读理解、简答题教案1、细节题型。【提问方式】Wh-特殊问句； From the text.,According to.,True/not true,划线词语、句子，简单计算、排列事件顺序、识图等。【解题方法】抓住提问中的关键字眼，仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。 题干+正确选项的信息值等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值；体现中心思想的核心名词,一篇试题的细节与主旨核心名词沾边是首选。题干中的标识语是快速寻找答题依据的“路标”，最常见的就是用引号标识的关键词或标明了标识语所在的具体行数。干扰选项的特点： 部分正确,部分错误； 是原文信息,但是不是题目要求的内容； 符合常识,但不是文章内容； 与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动。 注意排除下列干扰项: .扩缩范围 文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制 ，如涉及到数量时常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally 等限制. 有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。.偷换概念 命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。.正误并存 在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。你可以在回答问题的时候同时把答案的相应部分用笔标出来，这样的好处有两个，一是提高准确率，二是当你觉得哪个答案有可能有误差的时候可以只针对那句话和它的上下文来判断，不必阅读整篇文章。2、主旨大意题型。【提问方式】What s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph？ What is stated in.? The text is cheifly concerned with_.【解题方法】 （1)最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2 两句-即短文的主题句，或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句-即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。 （2）记叙文等需要通读全文，抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思（常说明一个道理）。（3）全文末尾（段）找答案。此类文章的特点是 以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点。在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误： 概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小)； 过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)； 以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。寻找主题句(topic：sentence)从而抓住全段的中心思想。一般说来，主题句常见位置是段首第一句或第二句，但也有可能在段尾或段中。不管它出现在文章的什么位置,都作为最后一道题去做,因为做完其他题以后会对主旨的理解有帮助； 着重理解首末段,首末句； 主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕。 概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的，各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。 主旨题的注意事项：概括的、抽象的、与中心思想核心名词沾边的是正确选项。段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句； 作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨； 首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨； 提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore,thus,but,however,in short等等。 选项特点: 正确选项特点:不出现细节信息;不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词； 干扰项特点:细节信息明显;过于笼统。 3、推理判断题型。【解题方法】推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。【注意点】（1）那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。（2）推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。（3）不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断.简单的 具体的不是解,复杂的、概括的、抽象的经常是解;照抄原文的不是解,同义替换的经常是解;合理项经常不是解,不合理项经常是解.字面意义的不是解,深刻含义的可能是解.绝对的一般不是解(如must always never the most all only any none entirely)含义肯定的一般不是解；含义相互矛盾的经常是解；含义不肯定的经常是解.不肯定的词:can could may usually might most more ore less nearly not enough suggest partial。文章题目百分之八十都会出现在以下三个地方：1 全文的首段 2 每段的首句 3 全文的末句换言之，这几处大家一定要读懂、读透。还有以下给大家总结了一些在阅读当中出现的一些关键的词，这些词周围往往也是比较容易出考题的地方所在。1表示转折关系的：but, however, 2表示原因的：because, for3表示结果的：so, so that 4一些重要的形容词和短语：important, more than, in surprise5表示强调等感情色彩强烈的词：must, have to，do 6表示顺序的词：First. Second. Third在遇到两个意思很相近的选项时：特别是假设A选项正确，还能推出B选项也正确的时候，究竟选哪个？要选B项！因为B项的范围包括了A，即B大于A，所以B正确。 原文、问题、选项三者相比较，重要性最高的是问题！其次是选项！最后是原文！必要性思维正确选项未必能充分完整地表达原文意思，而只要沾边即可。反之，不沾边的必错！ 解的十个特征1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解；2、 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解；3、 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less be likely to；含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none 含义相反的是解；4、 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解；5、 带有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain；6、 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解；7、 带虚词的解：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same nearly not enough； 8、 “变化”是解：change delay improve increase；9、 “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessary essential basis be based on；10、 二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解实战演练APeople around the world have different ways of spending the holiday.Celebrations are held around the nation. In Sydney every year about 1 to 1.5 million people go to the worlds largest fireworks (焰火) display near the harbor (港口).New year is the most important holiday in Japan. Its a symbol (标志) of starting a new life. In December, all kinds of forget-the-year parties are held. At the party, people say goodbye to the problems of the past year and prepare for a new beginning. Misunderstandings (误解) are forgotten and houses are cleaned. At midnight on December 31, temples (寺庙) play their gongs (锣) 108 times to drive 108 kinds of human weakness away.New Years Day is a day of joy and no work is done. Children get small gifts with money inside. Sending new years cards is a popular tradition. If the cards are postmarked (盖邮戳的), the Japanese post office promise theyll send them all on January 1.In Greece, there is a traditional dish for New Years Day. It is a kind of cake. A silver or gold coin is baked inside the cake. Whoever finds the coin will be especially lucky in the coming year.( ) 36. The best title of the reading above is “_”. A. Celebrations around the world B. New Year s celebration C. New Yeqars gift for children D. Best wishes on New Year( ) 37. The worlds largest fireworks display is in _. A. Japan B. Australia C. Greece D. China( ) 38. When and where do temples play their gongs 108 times? A. On New Years Day in Greece. B. At midnight in Australia. C. On New Years Eve in Japan. D. At midnight in China.( ) 39. A silver or gold coin is baked inside the cake in Greece _.A. to find the lucky one B. for the lucky person to find C. to find a traditional fish D. for the New Years DayBHave you ever felt lonely and needed a friend? That is exactly how Angus MacMorrow feels in a new movie out in China on February 17.Angus is a boy living in Scotland during World War II. He shares his home with British soldiers. They think the Germans might use the lake, Loch Ness (尼斯湖), to attack Britain. One day Anguss life changes forever.Angus finds a strange egg near the loch. He brings it home and the egg hatches (孵化). Angus names the animal Crusoe. Crusoe has brought a lot of happiness to Angus life. Unable to find his new friend in a textbook, Angus shows it to his sister, Kirstie, and the houses new caretaker (管家), Lewis. Lewis explains that its a water horse. According to Scottish legend, the water horse is a lonely animal that lays just one egg, then dies. Angus can understand this. His father still hasnt returned from the war.Crusoe grows larger every day. He eats lots of food from the kitchen. He seems happiest in the water. Crusoe also starts to get into trouble around the house. He makes an enemy of the cooks dog. The two have a big fight.One day, Crusoe grows so big that Angus can no longer hide him in the house. With the help of Lewis, Angus secretly takes Crusoe to the loch. Now Crusoe has room to live and play. But the war is still going on. The loch is a dangerous place. Fighting soon breaks out. Angus and Crusoe must fight to save each other.If you want to find out what happens to the two, check out The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep (尼斯湖怪：深水传说).( ) 40. What do you think the reading above is mainly about?A. A Scottish boy during World War Two.B. A lonely boy named Angus MacMorrow.C. A happy life brought by Crusoe.D. The real friendship between Angus and Crusoe.( ) 41. From the reading above, we know that Angus life begins to change _. A. after he finds an egg near the loch B. when he stays with British soldiers C. before he feels lonely in his house D. as Crusoe grows lager every day( ) 42. Who do you think Kirstie is in the reading? A. Anguss caretaker. B. Anguss friend. C. Anguss sister. D. Anguss cook.( ) 43. Why does Angus secretly takes Crusoe to the loch with the help of Lewis?A. There is no room for Cusoe to live and play.B. Crusoe grows too big to hide in the house.C. Angus and Crusoe might fight to save each other.D. The loch is a dangerous play to hide himself.( ) 44. The underlined part “the two” in the reading above refers to (指的是) _. A. Kirstie and Lewis. B. Lewis and Crusoe. C. Angus and Kirstie. D. Angus and Cruso.CYANG Nan, 17, was happy to move to her new home in a northern area of Beijing. She was told that her neighborhood used to be farmland planted with vegetables, corn and wheat.But looking at the new road, beautiful park and supermarkets, Yang couldnt see any sign that food was once grown there.Yang is not alone. In recent years, many Chinese people have moved into new houses in country areas. Tall buildings have been built everywhere in the suburbs. The crops and fruit trees are no more. But these changes have caused problems too, warns Gan Zang chun, an official (官员) at the Ministry of Land and Resources (国土资源部).Chinese cities are growing fast. This has made the area for farmland much smaller. This is really bad for the countrys ability to grow food, not to mention the lives of farmers, said Gan last Monday.The country needs farmland to grow food for the people of China. But the recent rise in house prices has made selling land a good business. A lot of land has been used to build new houses for sale.Pollution, which makes land useless, is another reason for the big drop in Chinas farmland. About 2.67 million square kilometers of land in China have been polluted and turned into desert.The government wants China to have at least 120 million hectares (公顷) of farmland. But there are only about 121.8 million hectares left. It will be really difficult to reach the goal, Gan said. He said that the government would fight illegal (非法的) land use and stop farmland from becoming desert.( ) 45. The article seems to tell us that _. A. farmland is in danger B. countrysides are turned into towns C. farmland has been sold D. Chinese cities are grown fast( ) 46. From what Gan Zangchun said, he is worrying about _. A. Chinas development B. land and resources C. Chinese peoples life D. illegal land use( ) 47. What size of the land have been polluted and turned into desert? A. 120 million hectares. B. 121.8 million hectares. C. 2.67 million square kilometres. D. Millions of square kilometres.DBad teeth, a heavier body? And now, weaker bones (骨骼). Last week, American scientists found another bad thing about cola: Its bad for our bones, especially womens bones.Well, if cola is bad for us, you may want other popular drinks, for example, energy drinks (功能饮料). Energy drinks look cool. Their makers say they give you energy and make you better at sports. So, many students drink them before exams to help them stay awake.But wait. To keep you awake, most energy drinks have a lot of caffeine (咖啡因). They are like a strong cup of coffee or tea. If you drink a lot of them, your heart will beat faster. You will feel nervous. You could also have sleeping problems and find it hard to live without them.Amanda Smith is a 16-year-old US junior high school student. She drinks one or more energy drinks every day. She started to do this a year ago before dance class. But now, Smith says, I drink them whenever I feel weak or before a test. I cannot help drinking them.The energy you get from the drinks helps for only a short time. You may feel good for an hour or so, but then youll feel worse than before.( ) 48. What does the writer mainly try to tell us in the reading?A. Energy drinks keep us awake.B. Cola is bad for our bones.C. Energy drinks can be very helpful.D. Be careful of unhealthy drinks.( ) 49. How old did Amanda Smith begin to take energy drnks? A. Sixteen. B. Fifteen. C. Fourteen. D. Thirteen.( ) 50. Though energy drinks make one feel good at first, it _. A. wont last for long B. looks very cool C. wont be bad for us D. gets worse than before36. A 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. D 41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. A中考英语简答题精品教案评分标准：了解简答题的评分原则及标准有利于我们更好地利用规则取得好的成绩。简答题的评分原则及标准大致如下：要求在读懂文章的基础上，用准确简洁的语言回答问题，因此在做题的同时要考虑内容和语言。以每题2分为例，得2分的标准是：答出全部内容，语言正确；得1分的标准：答出部分内容，语言正确；得0分的标准是没有答对问题。答案中出现语言错误，扣0.5分，每个语言错误扣分不超过0.5分(标点符号和大小写错误忽略不计，也有的要求扣0.5分)；涉及无关内容者扣0.5分，另外若答案中有互相矛盾的内容，则内容互相矛盾的部分皆不得分，整句原封不动照搬，扣0.5分；另外，如答案应涵盖两个方面，而只答对其中一个方面时，答错的一方面则在扣除1分后不再以多余信息另外扣分，但其中如有语言错误则再扣0.5分。常考题型：细节类试题：细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到答案出处。但关键是如何从答案出处中归纳出问题的答案，因为简答题要求用简洁的语言来回答，不能原封不动地照搬原文的整句话。 Mr Green,an English teacher who is working in China will take an “11 Days of China Grand Tour”. The price is $1270 a person. He can see different kinds of scenery during the trip. Hell visit two important cities of China-Beijing and Shanghai. In these two cities,hell visit the Forbidden City,the Great Wall,the Temple of Heaven, the Shanghai Museum and the oriental Pearl TV Tower. So he can experience old and new China. Suzhou is famous for silk and beautiful gardens. Hainan has different kinds of weather and scenery. There are many things to see,such as Wanquan River, Hairui Tomb and Tianya Hai-jiao. There is also scuba diving,fishing and boating. Hell have a wonderful time.41.How long will Mr Green spend on the trip ? _42.How much will Mr Green pay for the trip ? _推断类试题：答案在原文中是找不到的，它要求我们进行合理的推断。43.How many cities will Mr Green visit ? _42.Where can he experience old and new China ? _Suppose you will travel with your parents to America. You family will stay there for four days and plan between 1500 dollars and 1600 dollars on hotel accommodation. Please make the flowing decisions for your parents according to the given tariff: (价格表) MAIN BUILDING WEST BUILDINGSuperior Single $418 Standard Double $180Standard Double $428 Superior Double $268Superior Double $528 Standard Single $100Standard Suite $888 Superior Single $218Superior Suite $1288 Executive Suite $2288*Rate are subject to 15% service charge in the main Building and 10% in the West Building.* Free shuttle bus to the airport and railway station.*Check-out time 12:00 noon.76. Which building will you and your parents live in?_ 77. How many rooms will you book for your family?_ 78. What rooms will you book for your parents and yourself?_ 79. What time should you leave the hotel?_ 80. How will you go to the railway station so that you can reduce the cost?_ 主旨类试题：对于此类试题，第一步是找出概括文章中心思想的主题句，对于原文中没有提供主题句的主旨题，就需要理解文章的主要内容和中心思想，自己归纳总结答案。During the summer holidays there will be a new schedule (时间表).Ch