外研版英语选修七：module-2-知识点.doc

1.attract v.
(1)吸引
A magnet attracts steel.磁石能吸钢铁。
(2)激发；引起
①Does any of these designs attract you?这些设计中有使你感兴趣的吗？
②The new play has attracted a good deal of criticism.这出新剧招致很多批评。
知识拓展
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意attract sb. to sb./sth. 引起某人对某人/某物的注意
(2)attractive adj. 吸引人的be attractive to... 对……有吸引力
(3)attraction n. 吸引；吸引人的事物；吸引力tourist attraction 旅游胜地
即学即用
用attract的适当形式填空
(1)The beautiful garden ________ many people.
(2)The old city is an important tourist ________.
(3)The flat was small but ________， though rather shabby.
2．keen adj. 渴望的；热切的；热心的；灵敏的
①We were keen on going for an outing.我们喜欢去郊游。
②He is keen to have a look at the Great Wall.他很想去看看长城。
③Dogs have a keen sense of smell.狗的嗅觉很灵敏。
知识拓展
be keen on sth./sb. 热衷于某事物；对某事物满腔热情
①I'm not too keen on jazz.我不太喜欢爵士乐。
②Mrs Hills is keen on Tom's marrying Susan.希尔太太很希望汤姆能和苏珊结婚。
单句改错
Dolly wants to cycle round the world and she is really keen at the idea.
_________________________________________________
3．consider v.
(1)考虑；后可接名词、代词、动名词、从句或“疑问词＋不定式”。
①He is considering changing his job.他在考虑调换一下工作。
②He considered how he should answer/how to answer.他考虑应如何回答。
(2)把……看作；认为；后接that­clause或复合宾语。
①We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。
②We don't consider Tom to be our best friend.我们并不把汤姆当成我们最好的朋友。
知识拓展
(1)be considered as(把某人)看作……；(被)认为
He's generally considered as the best one here.他被公认为是最好的人选。
(2)consider(doing)sth. 考虑(做)某事
①Please consider my suggestion.请考虑我的建议。
②He's considering going abroad.他在考虑出国。
(3)consider how/what...to do sth. 考虑如何做/做什么……
Have you considered how to get there?你考虑好怎样去那儿了吗？
(4)consider＋宾语从句
Let's consider what use we can make of it.咱们考虑怎样利用它。
语法填空
My father considers ________(buy) a puter, which is considered ________(be) a great help in his work.
4．develop vt. & vi.
(1)发展；发达
They're going to develop heavy industries.他们打算发展重工业。
(2)洗印；显影
He is developing a film now.他在冲洗胶卷。
(3)养成；培养
He's developed the habit of rising early.他已养成早起的习惯。
(4)开发；建设
develop a mine 开矿
(5)生长；发育
①Seeds develop into plants.种子长成植物。
②It is very important to develop children's body.孩子的身体发育是十分重要的。
知识拓展: develop out of/from... 由……发展起来develop(...)into(使……)发展成为
development n. 发展；开发developed adj. 发达的developing adj. 发展中的
underdeveloped adj. 不发达的
完成句子
我们应尽早培养孩子的阅读习惯。We must ________ ________ ________ ________ as early as possible.
5．activity n. 活动，行动；活跃，活力
①Students should often take part in practical activities.学生应该经常参加实践活动。
②This is a street full of activity.这是一条充满生气的街道。
辨析:activity, act, action
activity
有组织、有目的的活动，如课外活动、政治活动等。
act
可数名词，有时可与action换用，侧重指短时间内的单一行动。
action
多指较长时间内多次行动的集合体，即许多act集合而成的复杂行为。
①I'm late for supper every night because of after­school activities.因为课外活动我每天都赶不上晚餐。
②It is an act of kindness to help a blind man cross the street.帮助盲人过马路是一种善举。
③Her timely action probably saved his life.她及时采取行动很可能救他一命。
根据汉语提示，用act及其同根词的正确形式填空
(1)三思而后行。Think carefully before you ________.
(2)我参加很多活动，这占用了我许多时间。I have a lot of ________ which take up much of my time.
(3)事实胜于雄辩。________ speak louder than words.
6．ability n. [U，C]能力；才能；本领；技能
①He has got a remarkable ability to get things done.在办事方面，他显示了非凡的能力。
②She has great ability in teaching English.她有教英文的非凡才干。
知识拓展
(1)to be best of one's ability 尽最大努力
(2)ability后可接动词不定式、介词in或for，但不能接of doing。
[译]她有能力做这项工作。
[误]She had the ability of doing the work.
[正]She had the ability to do the work.
(3)注意否定前缀的不同
注意：ability后可接动词不定式、介词in或for，但不能接of doing。
完成句子
他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。He is proud of his daughter's ________ ________ ________ four languages.
7．innocent adj. 天真无邪的；阅世不深的；清白的；无罪的
n. [C]无罪的人；无辜的人；清白的人
①I was very young and very innocent.那时我非常年幼无知。
②In the end the innocent was set free and the criminal was sentenced to death.最后，无辜者被释放，罪犯被判处死刑。
知识拓展:
be innocent of 没有……罪→be guilty of 有……罪
It is better that ten guilty escape than one innocent suffers. (Shakespeare)宁可让十个罪犯漏网，不可使一个好人蒙冤。(莎士比亚)
完成句子
不要太天真，竟至相信政客们说的每一句话。Don't ______ _______ _______ as to believe everything the politicians say.
8．sob
(1)v. 啜泣；呜咽；抽噎
①Some children often sob themselves to sleep.有些孩子经常哭泣着睡着了。
②We could hear the child sobbing in the other room.我们听到那间屋子里的小孩在抽抽搭搭地哭着。
(2)n. 呜咽；哭泣
①The beggar told us a long sob story before she asked for money.那个叫花子先给我们讲了一个长而催人泪下的故事，然后向我们讨钱。
②The child's sobs gradually died down.那孩子的啜泣声渐渐静了下来。
知识拓展
(1)sob过去式：sobbed；过去分词：sobbed；现在分词：sobbing；第三人称单数：sobs。
(2)常用词组：sob one's heart out 哭得伤心至极sob oneself to sleep 哭着哭着睡着了sob out 哭泣着诉说
完成句子
她哭泣着诉说了儿子在一场车祸中死亡的事情。She ________ ________ the story of her son's death in a traffic accident.
9．upset(upset, upset; upsetting)
(1)v. 使(某人)心烦意乱，使(肠胃)不适；打翻；打扰，扰乱；搅乱
①I'm sorry, I didn't mean to upset you.对不起，我没想要让你不高兴。
②Recent bank failures threaten to upset the entire world economy.近期银行纷纷倒闭，有打乱整个世界经济秩序的危险。
③Spicy food upsets my stomach.辛辣食物使我肠胃不适。
(2)adj. 不安的；不快的；心烦意乱的；感到不适的
①She was still upset about the argument she'd had with Mary.她依然为和玛丽发生的争论感到烦恼。
②She is really upset over not finding a job.她找不到工作，所以很苦恼。
知识拓展
(1)upset作形容词时，可与介词over/at/about搭配，其后可接名词、动名词。
(2)upset作形容词，作表语，但不能作前置定语。
巧学助记:

完成句子
(1)我打乱了他们的计划，并伤害了他们的自尊心。I ______ ______ ______ and hurt their self­esteem.
(2)犯不着为此事难过。There is no point ________ ________ ________ it.
10．polish v. 擦光；擦亮；磨光；润色
①I polished my shoes before I left home.我在出门之前把鞋擦亮了。
②His essay needs polishing.他的论文尚需润饰。
知识拓展: polish up 擦亮，润色，改善polish off 做完(工作)；吃掉(食物)
polish off a big plateful of stew 很快吃完一大盘炖菜
归类各种“擦”：

完成句子
玛丽花了几天的时间来润饰演讲稿。Mary spent several days ________ ________ ________.

1.as far as I'm concerned 就我而言
①As far as I'm concerned you can do what you like.对我个人来说，你怎么做都可以。
②I cannot stand her endless plaining. She's had it as far as I'm concerned.她总是怨天尤人，我真是受不了。就我而言，她可是让人受够了。
③As far as I am concerned the matter is closed.对我来说，事情已了结。
知识拓展: as/so far as... is concerned 就……而言as/so far as I know 据我所知
as/so far as I can remember/see/tell 据我所记/依我看/依我说as/so far as(the) eye can see 就视力所能及
①As far as I know, pared with other countries, Chinese students spend much more time studying.
据我所知，与其他国家相比较，中国学生花费了更多的时间来学习。
②As far as I can remember, Twilight—a story about vampire—was written by Stephenie Meyer.
据我所记，《暮光之城》——一个关于吸血鬼的爱情故事——是由斯蒂芬妮·梅耶所写。
完成句子
(1)就我而言，这个问题已经解决了。______________________，the problem has been solved.
(2)据我所知，这是一个很小的错误。______________________，it's a small mistake.
2．be likely to 有可能
①It is likely to rain.有可能下雨。
②His condition is likely to improve.他的情况有可能好转。
③It is likely that he didn't attend the meeting at all yesterday for he knew nothing about the report.好像他昨天根本没参加会议，因为他对报告的事一无所知。
知识拓展: be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事It is/was likely that 从句。有可能……
辨析:likely, probable, possible
(1)只有be likely前面的主语可以是人，而possible和probable不能。
(2)只有possible后面可以接for sb. to do sth.，而likely和probable不能。
(3)possible可与if(如果)连用，构成if possible省略式。
—When do you want to know the result?你想什么时候知道结果？
—Tomorrow if possible.如果可能的话，明天吧。
句型转换
The boy is likely to help us.
→________________ the boy will help us.

1.To help students develop these social skills, schools offer a large number of after­school activities, in other words, activities that take place outside classroom lessons.为帮助学生发展这些社交技能，学校安排了大量的课外活动，即在教室里上完课后进行的活动。
(1)To help students develop these social skills是不定式作目的状语；activities that take place outside classroom lessons此处起同位语的作用，来进一步说明什么是课外活动。
(2)in other words在句中作插入语，意为“换句话说；换言之”。
①In other words I don't have to send it by air mail, right?换句话说我不必把它航空邮寄了，对吗？
②In other words, our forces, although small at present, will grow very rapidly.这就是说，现在我们虽只有一点小小的力量，但是它的发展会是很快的。
高考直击
(2014·重庆改编)Group activities will be organized after class ________(help) children develop team spirit.
语法填空
(1)Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________(stay) away.
(2)The children all turned________(look at) the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
2．Exam grades are very important, but so are the after­school activities.
考试成绩固然重要，但是课外活动也不容忽视。
“so＋助动词/情态动词/连系动词＋主语”，此结构表示另一主语和前面所陈述的情况有着相同的肯定情况，意为“……也是这样(如此)”。
①—She can speak some French.她能讲一些法语。
—So can I.我也会讲一些。
②If you go to the countryside for your holidays, so shall I.如果你去乡村度假，我也去。
知识拓展
(1)当前面的句子是混合情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一助动词)时，说明“另一人/物也同样”则必须用it is/was with.../it is the same with...句型。
Tom is clever and works hard. So it is with Mary.汤姆既聪明又努力，玛丽也是如此。
(2)用so句型表示“也一样”时，其前一句必须是肯定句，且只有一个谓语。若前一句为否定句，则用“neither (nor)＋连系动词/助动词/情态动词＋(另一)主语”表示“也不”。
①I have never been abroad, neither has he.我从未出过国，他也没有。
②I didn't stay at home yesterday, nor did she.我昨天没在家，她也没在家。
(3)“so＋主语＋连系动词/情态动词/助动词”这种结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed、certainly，表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的赞同或证实，语气较强，意为“……确实如此”。
①—He has been to the Great Wall.他去过长城。
—So he has.他的确如此。(注意其中的两个he，为同一个人。)
②—Tom studies hard.汤姆学习很用功。
—So he does.他确实如此。
完成句子
(1)—I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tired of this weather.
—________(我也是). I can't stand all this rain.
(2)Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and________(我也不高兴)．
引导表语从句的词
例句
连接副词：when，where，how，why等
This is where I don't agree with you.
这就是我不同意你的地方。
The question is how we can get in touch with him.
问题是我们怎样与他取得联系。
其他连词：because，as if/as though
He looked as though/as if he was ill.
他好像生病了。
This is because all men are equal.
这是因为所有的人都是平等的。
二、表语从句的易混点
1．混淆that，which与what
that引导表语从句时，是连词，在从句中不作成分；which与what都是连接代词，引导表语从句时，都可以在从句中作主语、宾语、表语与定语，但意思不同。前者表示“哪一个”，后者表示“……的事情、地方或一切”。
This was what he told me. (what在从句中作宾语)这就是他告诉我的事情。
My belief is that I will succeed by working hard. (that只是引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分)我相信通过努力我会成功的。
The problem is which school will be chosen. (which在从句中作定语)问题是哪一所学校将被选中。
2．混淆because与why
because引导表语从句时，表示“因为”，why引导表语从句时，表示“……的原因”，相当于the reason why。
She often es late. That's because she has a baby to take care of.她经常迟到。那是因为她有一个孩子要照顾。
She has a baby to take care of. That's why she often es late.她有一个孩子要照顾。那就是她经常迟到的原因。
注意：表示“原因是……”时，要用the reason is/was＋that从句，其中的that不能换成because与why。
三、表语从句的难点
表语从句中的虚拟语气
1．在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should)have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.
我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这件事，而不应该把它放在一边。
2．as if/though引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在，过去进行时表示现在进行，过去完成时表示过去，could/would/might＋动词原形表示将来。
It looks as if he were ten years younger today.今天他看起来好像年轻了10岁。
Ⅱ.主语从句
一、相关概念
在复合句中作主语的从句，叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的词
例句
连词：that，whether
Whether he will e is not known.
不知道他是否会来。
连接代词：what，who，which，whose，whoever，whatever，whichever等
What we need is more practice.
我们需要的是更多的练习。
Whoever made the mistake should be responsible for it.
无论谁犯了这个错误，都应为此负责。
连接副词：when，where，how，why等
Why he didn't e wasn't clear.
他为什么不来还不清楚。
二、主语从句的易混点
1．混淆that与what:that引导主语从句时，是连词，在从句中不作成分；what是连接代词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. (that只是引导从句，在从句中不作成分)我们都知道地球围着太阳转。
What will happen to the world is difficult to predict.(what在从句中作主语)世界将发生什么事情是难以预测的。
2．混淆which与whichever，who与whoever，what与whatever:which，who，what都含有一定的疑问，因此它们作为疑问代词。whichever，whoever，whatever分别表示“无论哪一个，无论谁，无论什么”，表示一种陈述，不含疑问的语气。whoever，whatever分别相当于the person who/anyone who...与any thing/the thing that。
Whatever I have is yours.我的东西都是你的。
What made her sad was not known.不知道什么使她伤心。
三、主语从句的难点
1．由连词wh­引导的主语从句中，从句可放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，把从句放在句末。
Whether he will be punished is not known.＝It is not known whether he will be punished.他是否会受到惩罚还不知道。
2． 主语从句中的虚拟语气:
在“It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”句型中，如果形容词为necessary，important，strange，natural等时，从句谓语动词常用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is necessary and important that one(should)master the skill of operating puters so as to meet the need of a job.为了满足工作上的需要，掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。
在“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”句型中，如果过去分词为suggested，advised，ordered，requested，required等时，that从句谓语动词使用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off.有人建议推迟举行运动会。
高考直击
(1)(2014·江苏改编)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.
(2)(2014·四川改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”
(3)(2014·北京改编) The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
(4)(2014·陕西改编)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
用合适的连接词填空
(1)It is by no means clear________ the president can do to end the strike.
(2)It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
(3)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.
(4)I'd like to start my own business—that's________I'd do if I had the money.
(5)—The parents try to do everything for their son.
—That's________they are mistaken.
(6)She was ill. That's________she didn't e today.